Suchergebnisse

In this article, I focus on gender identity and gender expression as grounds for international protection. After clarifying issues of terminology and theoretical framework, namely Transgender Studies, I criticize the current framework for determining membership in a Particular Social Group (PSG) for the purposes of the Refugee Convention, drawing on Berg and Millbank's work on the concept of self-identification and gender non-conformity as a means to assess transgender asylum claims (2013). I problematize the issues arising in the assessment of well-founded fear of persecution and the form it may take in transgender and gender non-conforming asylum claims. Drawing connections between sexuality and gender identity/expression claims, I attempt to provide a humanizing and depathologized framework for assessing the credibility of transgender and gender non-conforming applicants. Finally, by critiquing the work of Hathaway and Pobjoy and drawing from current human rights norms, I reflect on how to make good law with transgender cases without reproducing medicalized notions of gender identity or placing all the burden of proof on the applicants. In so doing, this article attempts to achieve a balance between theoretical and practical challenges that arise in the Refugee Status Determination (RSD) process involving transgender and gender non-conforming applicants. This article serves as an attempt to critically review the existing scholarship within the framework of transgender studies and offers insights for a refined framework of refugee status determination based on an inclusive reading of Particular Social Group and persecution drawing on the reading of crucial case law from anglophone countries.

The policing of boundaries of acceptable sexual identities and behaviour is a recurring theme in numerous marginalities. Gender (especially womanhood) is often instantiated socially through the harms to which members of that gender are subjected. For transgender people, the assumption that genitals define gender translates the ubiquitous misapprehension that genitals and sex are binary into an assumption that gender must also be binary. This circumscribes the potentiality of cultural intelligibility for trans gender identities, and may interfere with the ability of transgender people to select the most appropriate medical and social means of expressing their authentic identities, even altering what is possible or appropriate, thereby curtailing trans people's authenticity and freedom. We therefore distinguish social from bodily aspects of gender dysphoria, proposing a model of their distinct, intersecting origins. We explore ways in which transgender medicine reflects aspects of other gendered surgeries, proposing a biopsychosocial understanding of embodiment, including influences of culture on the neurological representation of the body in the somatosensory cortex. This framework proposes that cultural cissexism, causes trans people to experience (neuro)physiological damage, creating or exacerbating the need for medical transition within a framework of individual autonomy. Our social-constructionist feminist neuroscientific account of gendered embodiment highlights the medical necessity of bodily autonomy for trans people seeking surgery or other biomedical interventions, and the ethical burden therein.

Introduction: Transgender is a term used to describe people who behave differently or appear to not match their gender. Regulations for the protection of transgender people in Indonesia do not exist hence cases pertaining transgender people are not clearly regulated. Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the position of transgender people as correctional residents and to examine and analyze legal protection for transgender as correctional residents.Methods of the Research: The type of legal research used is normative juridical. This type of research is conducted through a process of finding the rule of law, legal principles and legal doctrines to answer legal issues faced or research that refers to the norms found in the legislation. This research uses a statute and comparative approach.Results of the Research: This research concluded that the position of transgender people as correctional residents in Indonesia until now is not clear. The classification of correctional residents in prisons is based on sex identification (male and female) not gender qualifications hence that the position and development of transgender people is still equated with other correctional residents. In addition to this, until now there has been no specific picture of legal protection for transgender people as correctional residents due to the legal vacuum regarding transgender protection in Indonesia.

Clothing is part of our material culture and allows individuals to portray their self-image and articulate their personas to others. Clothing is performative and helps position individuals as their desired gender, which is why clothing is so important to transgender people. While the transgender medical experience has been examined, few have investigated wardrobe building for transgender people undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This research explored clothing worn by two trans women, and a trans man who experienced pregnancy, to answer the research question 'What are the clothing issues and dressing strategies of transgender individuals?'. A convenience sample (n=3) was recruited using snowball methods. Data collection followed three phases to foster a empathy and learning utilizing a qualitative, human-centred approach. To better understand the market, research began with a competitive analysis of retailers and bloggers catering to this niche market. At-home wardrobe interviews utilized participant's clothing as probes to discuss and demonstrate anatomy in relation to clothing choices and how participants felt when wearing the right clothing. Themes in the data included transition strategies, shopping and fit challenges as well as clothing solutions. Key outfits were photographed, providing insights regarding clothing assortment, fit criteria, as well as desirable/problematic design details and styling tips used to achieve the desired aesthetic/identity. The findings of this study offer empowering strategies to support wardrobe choices for transgender people and are important to designers, product developers and retailers.

On July 26, 2017, President Donald J. Trump stated his intention to prohibit transgender persons from serving "in any capacity" in the U.S. military. This would include those who might apply to join the armed forces as well as those who are currently serving. According to the President, "Our military . . . cannot be burdened with the tremendous medical costs," presumably referring to the cost of medically necessary, transition-related health care for transgender personnel. Commentators and scholars have addressed the financial costs associated with providing such care, but no previous analysis thus far has estimated the costs of discharging transgender personnel from the armed forces. If a decision to discharge currently serving transgender personnel is based largely on financial considerations, then policymakers should take into account the costs of discharging the service members, not just the costs of retaining them under a policy of equal treatment. The present study employs a "replacement-cost method" to calculate the overall cost of removing transgender personnel. Assuming the military must recruit and train a replacement for each service member discharged, the total price of a complete ban is derived by multiplying the number of service members who will be discharged by the cost of recruiting and training a replacement. The authors use a conservative estimate of the number of transgender personnel currently serving, drawn from research published in the New England Journal of Medicine. The cost of health care is an upper-bound estimate calculated by analysts at the RAND Corporation. The study does not include administrative costs and lost time for military personnel tasked with identifying transgender members and overseeing their separation, or government costs associated with legal challenges by those targeted for separation. The authors estimate that the financial cost of fully implementing a ban on transgender service members, as initially proposed by the President, would be $960 million. In addition, the authors compare the cost of fully implementing the ban to the cost of providing medically necessary health care to transgender personnel. Given that the total annual cost of providing such care is, at most, $8.4 million, the $960 million price tag of fully implementing the President's proposed ban is more than 100 times greater than the annual cost of retaining transgender service members and providing for their health care needs.

Biographical note: Nina Schuster (Dr. phil.), Soziologin, lehrt und forscht an der Technischen Universität Dortmund. Ihre Forschungs- und Arbeitsschwerpunkte sind Raumtheorie, queere/feministische Theorien, Intersektionalität und soziale Ungleichheit sowie Qualitative Methoden empirischer Sozialforschung.

"If feminist studies and transgender studies are so intimately connected, why are they not more deeply integrated? Offering multidisciplinary models for this assimilation, the vibrant essays in Transfeminist Perspectives in and beyond Transgender and Gender Studies suggest timely and necessary changes for institutions of higher learning. Responding to the more visible presence of transgender persons as well as gender theories, the contributing essayists focus on how gender is practiced in academia, health care, social services, and even national border patrols. Working from the premise that transgender is both material and cultural, the contributors address such aspects of the university as administration, sports, curriculum, pedagogy, and the appropriate location for transgender studies. Combining feminist theory, transgender studies, and activism centered on social diversity and justice, these essays examine how institutions as lived contexts shape everyday life."--Provided by publisher

Transgender people provide a unique opportunity to examine the effect of biological sex versus gender identity on mating preferences. This study aimed at identifying the mate characteristics that are most and least valued by transgender people and at examining to what extent their biological sex or their gender identity determined their mate preferences. A convenience sample of 134 male‐to‐female (MTF) and 94 female‐to‐male (FTM) individuals from Argentina rated Buss's list of 18 mate attributes. Compared to FTM, MTF individuals placed significantly more emphasis on attractiveness and socioeconomic status, whereas FTM, more than MTF individuals, valued partners with a dependable character. Although biological sex differences were present in both groups, providing support to the evolutionary theory, MTF individuals valued the same characteristics as both biological male and female individuals do.