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The desire to elect more women to public office is likely to affect a range of political behaviors & may explain the relatively low levels of women's descriptive representation overall. Yet, little is known about the public's view of the ideal gender composition of government. We find that the public expresses a preference for higher levels of women's representation than the country has experienced. Women are more likely than men to express a view. though men & women do not differ in their preferences on the ideal percentage of male officeholders. We examine the role of gender stereotypes & the experience of being represented by women officeholders in shaping support for women's representation. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright 2009.]

Gender identity is a concept that young people are talking about in increasingly open ways, and they need resources to help them better understand this complex topic. This sensitive and age-appropriate overview of gender identity features helpful definitions and explanations, an introduction to the use of preferred pronouns, and tips for talking to both peers and adults about this topic. Fact boxes and graphic organizers supplement the carefully researched main text, and full-color photographs make this topic more accessible and relatable for young readers. As they explore the informative narrative, they're encouraged to develop empathy and an appreciation for diversity.

AbstractDo women in politics contribute to gender parity in education? This study seeks to provide an empirical answer to this question by examining whether women in politics (women parliamentarians) contribute to closing the gender inequality in education using a global sample of 191 countries from 1990 to 2020. We deployed the two‐stage least square (IV‐TSLS) technique and gender quota as an instrument to isolate the exogenous effect of women in politics on gender parity in primary, secondary and tertiary education. The findings from the IV‐TSLS estimators show that an increase in the number of female parliamentarians is associated with a significant increase in gender parity at all levels of education. These results survived several robustness checks, including using different estimators such as the Lewbel two‐stage least squares and the Kinky least‐squares estimators. Based on the quota type, we documented that women in politics significantly spur gender parity in education in countries with reserved seat quotas and not in countries with candidate quotas. We also found that the results differ across different geographical regions and income groups. The findings call on policy‐makers to address societal, legal and structural barriers limiting women's political participation to achieve gender parity at all levels of education.

"Gender-Sensitive Parliaments" published on by Oxford University Press.

'Gender Mainstreaming ist ein sehr anspruchsvoller und von der Konzeption her umfassender Ansatz, für dessen Umsetzung im Bereich Wissenschaft und Forschung bisher jedoch nur wenige konkrete Ansätze zu verzeichnen sind. Für eine effektive Umsetzung ist ein hohes Maß an Professionalität, Gender-Kompetenz und vor allem auch 'Commitment' bei den EntscheidungsträgerInnen notwendig, wenn es nicht bei bloßen Absichtserklärungen bleiben soll. Zudem muss die Begrenztheit des Ansatzes deutlich sein: Gender Mainstreaming kann als top-down-Ansatz die Geschlechterpolitik von Organisationen oder Verwaltung verändern. Damit bietet Gender Mainstreaming eine Handlungs- und Bewertungsstrategie für eine strukturelle Veränderung der Geschlechterbeziehungen auch in der Wissenschaft. Der Ansatz kann bisherige Frauenförderpolitik weiterentwickeln. Auf keinen Fall jedoch ersetzt Gender Mainstreaming Frauenpolitik und auf Interessendurchsetzung angelegte Politik von Frauen.' (Autorenreferat)

The aim of the paper is to identify the peculiarities of the content of definitions of the categories "gender identi-ty" and "gender mentality". It is revealed that the first of them corresponds to a greater extent to the thematized socio-cultural reality. This concept is more developed in modern science, while the concept of "gender mentali-ty" is a relatively new and not yet sufficiently developed concept in scientific terms, therefore, in modern litera-ture one can rarely find studies that analyze this concept. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to take into account the differences in the depth of conceptualization of the terms "gender mentality" and "gen-der identity". Currently, there is a transformation of gender mentality, which leads to an inversion of masculine and feminine strategies of human behavior. Gender identity depends on a person's ability to understand him-self, realize his position in the sociocultural space and effectively adapt to society.