Suchergebnisse
Filter
Format
Medientyp
Sprache
Weitere Sprachen
Jahre
2993 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
SSRN
Working paper
Twin Studies: What Can They Tell us About Nature and Nurture?
In: Contexts / American Sociological Association: understanding people in their social worlds, Band 4, Heft 3, S. 43-47
ISSN: 1537-6052
Twin studies used to be almost the only way to compare the influence of genes against the environment on personality and behavior. Recent advances in genetics, however, suggest that opposing "nature" to "nurture" is misleading. Genes combine with the environment to produce complex human traits.
9th International Congress on Twin Studies Helsinki, 4–6 June 1998
In: Twin research, Band 1, Heft 3, S. 160-161
ISSN: 2053-6003
CoSMoS and TwinPaW: Initial Report on Two New German Twin Studies
In: Twin research and human genetics: the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies (ISTS) and the Human Genetics Society of Australasia, Band 9, Heft 6, S. 787-790
ISSN: 1839-2628
AbstractAfter briefly recapitulating two earlier German twin studies (BiLSAT and GOSAT), we present two new German twin studies with a longitudinal perspective: CoSMoS and TwinPaW. The twin study on Cognitive ability, Self-reported Motivation and School performance (CoSMoS) aims to investigate predictors and influences of school performance in a genetically sensitive design, beginning with children in late elementary school. The Twin study on Personality And Wellbeing (TwinPaW) focuses on adult personality and its relation to physical health as well as health-related behavior in an adult sample of twins. Both studies are characterized by an effort to recruit new large twin samples through a novel recruitment procedure aimed at reducing self-selective sampling. In two German federal states, contact information on persons born on the same day and with the same name was retrieved from record sections. From the resulting pool of more than 36,000 addresses we contacted approximately 2000 parents of twins aged 9 and 10 for CoSMoS, as well as 2000 adult twin pairs for TwinPaW by telephone and mail. Personal contact by telephone proved to be more efficient with agreement rates of 63% in the children sample and 65% in the adult sample. In this article we briefly describe the rationale and the study aims of CoSMoS and TwinPaW as well as the characteristics of the sample we have recruited so far.
Twin Studies of Dietary Behaviors: Why We Eat When We Do
In: Twin research, Band 4, Heft 6, S. 478-483
ISSN: 2053-6003
How Does the Inclusion of Twins Conceived via Fertility Treatments Influence the Results of Twin Studies?
In: Twin research and human genetics: the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies (ISTS) and the Human Genetics Society of Australasia, Band 15, Heft 6, S. 746-752
ISSN: 1839-2628
Rates of twinning have risen dramatically over the last 30 years, from 1 in 53 births in 1980 to 1 in 30 births in 2009 (Martin et al. (January 2012). Three decades of twin births in the United States, 1980–2009. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics). This increase is largely attributable to increases in the use of fertility treatments (i.e., ovulation induction and in vitro fertilization) combined with delays in parenthood. Although this increase means that more twins are available for recruitment into twin studies, it also has potential consequences for the heritability estimates obtained in these studies. This study sought to evaluate this possibility, making use of the ongoing Michigan Twins Project (N = 7,261 families with twins aged 3–17 years), an arm of the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Results revealed that, on average, twins conceived via fertility treatments had lower rates of behavior problems than those conceived naturally, although these behavioral differences could be explained largely by demographic and socio-economic differences across the two types of twin families. Twin similarity did not meaningfully differ across fertility treatment status. We thus conclude that estimates of genetic and environmental influences obtained from twin studies over the last 10–15 years are more or less unaffected by the inclusion of twins conceived via fertility treatments in their samples.
A Test of the Equal Environment Assumption (EEA) in Multivariate Twin Studies
In: Twin research and human genetics: the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies (ISTS) and the Human Genetics Society of Australasia, Band 9, Heft 3, S. 403-411
ISSN: 1839-2628
Genetic risk factors in tumours of the testis: lessons from twin studies
In: Twin research, Band 1, Heft 3, S. 154-155
ISSN: 2053-6003
AbstractA threefold increase for testicular carcinoma has been reported in male dizygotic twins. In this comment we suggest the hypothesis that over-exposure to endogenously hypersecreted Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) may underlie the pathogenesis. This is supported by several findings. 1) FSH hypersecretion in mothers of dizygotic twins is most likely an autosomal trait implicating the possibility of male offspring with the same hormone characteristic. 2) In testicular carcinoma higher levels of cyclin D2 are found. This is an FSH dependent stimulatory regulator of mitosis. 3) There is a marked similarity between geographical distribution in occurence of dizygotic twinning and testicular carcinoma. 4) Men undergoing surgery for testicular carcinoma have higher FSH concentrations and males with Down syndrome have higher FSH levels and are more at risk to develop testicular carcinoma. We suggest to study FSH secretion in males of familial dizygotic twins and furthermore the risk of developing testicular carcinoma in males with elevated FSH. These men with one testicle and/or with dysfunctioning Sertoli/Leydig cells.
9th International Congress on Twin Studies Helsinki, Finland 4-6 June 1998
In: Twin research, Band 1, Heft 3, S. 163-164
ISSN: 2053-6003
9th International Congress on Twin Studies Helsinki, Finland 4–6 June 1998
In: Twin research, Band 1, Heft 2, S. 80-116
ISSN: 2053-6003
The Value of Twin Studies: A Response to Slate Magazine / Research Reviews / Twin News Worth Noting
In: Twin research and human genetics: the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies (ISTS) and the Human Genetics Society of Australasia, Band 14, Heft 6, S. 593-597
ISSN: 1839-2628
The Genetics of Coronary Heart Disease: The Contribution of Twin Studies
In: Twin research, Band 6, Heft 5, S. 432-441
ISSN: 2053-6003
The Foetal Origins of Adult Disease: Interpreting the Evidence From Twin Studies
In: Twin research, Band 4, Heft 5, S. 321-326
ISSN: 2053-6003
AbstractTwin studies have a contribution to make to the debate concerning the foetal origins of adult disease. Twins are growth retarded compared to singletons and experience post-natal catch-up growth. However, there is no evidence that twins are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Studying whether discordance in size at birth within monozygotic twin pairs is predictive of discordance in later life disease should help resolve whether the association between size at birth and later disease is due to common genetic factors. Results from studies of blood pressure in childhood and adult life looking at these within twin effects are far from conclusive. There are, however, methodological problems in the interpretation of these results, not least of which is the relatively small numbers of twin pairs studied. Studies exploring the effect of zygosity and chorion type on later disease provide may provide a useful extension of the research agenda. In summary, twin studies to date have raised more questions about the foetal origins hypothesis than they have resolved.
Twin research and human genetics: the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies (ISTS) and the Human Genetics Society of Australasia
ISSN: 1839-2628
Abstracts for the 15th International Congress on Twin Studies and the 3rd World Congress on Twin Pregnancy
In: Twin research and human genetics: the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies (ISTS) and the Human Genetics Society of Australasia, Band 17, Heft 5, S. 411-493
ISSN: 1839-2628