Suchergebnisse

Is there escape from a self-help system? Realists say no. They assume states are egoistic actors in anarchy; this means states must either look out for themselves or risk destruction: structure generates a self-help system. Constructivists think escape is possible. Because identities are made, not given, we should not make a priori assumptions of state egoism: process generates self-help. Process could also generate an other-help security system. This article introduces a third approach that uses social identity theory to argue that interstate relations are inherently competitive. Thus, for cognitive and motivated—rather than structural or social—reasons, competition, which can be coercive or cooperative, characterizes international politics.

It is easy enough to rattle off numerous categories of social identities long of interest to political behavior scholars—race, sex, state or nation, party, ideology, social class, etc. But, a precise definition and measurement strategy for examining these identities is more elusive. This article discusses the conceptual foundations of a recently developed approach to measuring identity and focuses on its specific application as a new measure of partisanship in the United States.

Studies of identity formation are back as a clue to questions of peace and war. Human collectives such as nation-states forge their identities by offsetting the collective against other entities. The books under review discuss how this process takes place. They make up a possible link between the literature on nationalism and state legitimacy on the one hand, and studies of interstate security on the other. This makes them a possible starting-point for empirical research.

Abstract The shift from electronic identification to digital identity is indicative of a broader evolution towards datafication of identity at large. As digital identity emerges from the fringes of technical challenges towards the legal and socio-technical, pre-existing ideologies on the reform of digital identity re-emerge with a newfound enthusiasm. Self-sovereign identity is one representative example of this trend. This paper sets out to uncover the principles, technological design ideas, and underlying guiding ideologies that are attached to self-sovereign identity infrastructures, carrying the promise of user-centricity, self-sovereignty, and individual empowerment. Considering the flourishing of digital identity markets, and the subsequent institutional interest on a European level in the techno-social promises that this identity architecture carries, this paper explores how the implementation of EU-wide self-sovereign identity shifts the already existing historical power balances in the construction of identity infrastructures. In this contribution, we argue that the European-wide adoption of self-sovereign ideals in identity construction does not address the shortcomings that identity and identification have historically faced and that instead of citizen empowerment, it puts individuals (a category broader than citizens) in a rather vulnerabilized position.

Intro -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction: New Ethnic Agents on the Mexico-U.S. Border -- 1. Migrant Organizations: The Ethnic and National Frontiers -- 2. Mixtec Migration and National Frontiers: Labor Markets and Policies of Migration -- 3. Crossing the Border: From Hometown Associations to Transnational Organizations -- 4. Networks and Migrant Organizations: The Revitalization of Community Experience -- 5. Indigenous Intellectuals: The Political Construction of the Transnational Ethnic Community -- 6. Public Voices, Private Silences: The Boundaries of Gender and Ethnicity -- 7. Mixtec Transnational Identity -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

The pervading theme of this book is the construction and allocation of identity, especially through images and imagery. The essays analyse how the dominant social discourses and imageries construct identity or assign subject positions in relation to the categories of race, nation, region, gender and language. The volume is designed to inform the study of those categories in cultural studies, sociology, anthropology, gender studies, literary studies, philosophy and history. Its coverage is geographically global, multidisciplinary, and theoretically eclectic, but also accessible. The authors include both established and rising scholars from historical, literary, media, gender and cultural studies. This innovative collection will appeal to all those who are interested in the mechanisms of constructing and evolving personal and group identities, in past and present

AbstractAfter the collapse of the USSR, the Tuvans, in common with all the other non- Russian populations of the former Union, went through a period of radical reaction against Soviet norms. Perceiving themselves to be buried beneath the wreckage of Soviet rule, the Tuvans began strenuously to search for values and aspirations which could form a basis for new identities. The vacuum created by the dismantling of Soviet social and cultural systems began slowly to be filled with new possibilities for identity formation – connected to language, clan, family, ethnicity, religion, nationality, gender and so on. Each of these social realms has its own meaning, and its own stimuli. This article discusses recent developments in contemporary Tuvan culture, under four interconnected headings: clan, family, ethnicity and religion. As will be seen, these in Tuva are the areas where values and cultural understandings intersect with political and economic constraints – and therefore where the conceptual and emotional attachments necessary to personal identification are formed.

Ego Identity Status Theory, following Erikson''s identity theory, describes mature identity as striving towards sameness and continuity, and as thus constrained by structural elements such as closure, consistency and commitment. Lately, however, theoreticians are portraying a relatively unconstrained postmodern, mutable, multiple, Protean self, continuously changing and inconsistent across situations. This paper examines personal narratives of identity formation in order to determine what 30 Jewish modern orthodox young adults implicitly considered to be the structural requirements of a ''good'' identity. Their deliberations regarding a potentially conflictual identity issue (i.e. their religious and sexual development) revealed four constraints on identity: A ''good'' identity must allow for: a sense of consistency, sameness and continuity; the inclusion of all significant identifications; mutual recognition between individual and society; and feelings of authenticity and vitality. The possible implications of the concept of ''identity constraints'' on identity theory are discussed.