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This article intends to analyze the workers' struggles in the food industry that took place in theGran Rosario after the "Cordobazo" (May 1969) and the "Rosariazos" (May and September 1969).Such struggles have been barely explored by historiography from the proposed perspective untilnow. Structural transformations, struggle and organization are articulated on a regional / local scalewithout losing sight of national dynamics. Moreover, it reveals limits and contradictions of thesocial and political radicalization process within the framework of defensive struggles. The latterwere done for the conservation of workplaces in the face of suspensions, layoffs and closures.Various sources are used: periodic press, publications from trade unions and political organizations,and intelligence services' documents. ; Este artículo se propone analizar las batallas obreras acontecidas en la industria de la alimentaciónen el Gran Rosario luego del "Cordobazo" (mayo de 1969) y de los "Rosariazos" (mayo y setiembrede 1969). Dichas luchas fueron escasamente exploradas por la historiografía hasta el momentodesde la perspectiva propuesta. Se articulan transformaciones estructurales, luchas y organizaciónen una escala regional/local sin perder de vista las dinámicas nacionales. Asimismo, se develan loslímites y contradicciones del proceso de radicalización social y política en el marco de luchasdefensivas, por la conservación de fuentes de trabajo frente a suspensiones, cesantías y cierres. Seutilizan fuentes diversas: entrevistas, prensa periódica, de organizaciones sindicales y políticas, ydocumentos de servicios de inteligencia.

В статье рассматривается механизм массовых репрессий, имевших место на территории Мордовской АССР в период 1937–1938 годов, а также роль правоохранительных органов МАССР по реализации репрессивной политики ВКП (б). На основе действовавшего в указанный период законодательства СССР, документов и материалов центральных и региональных государственных архивов, а также архивов Прокуратуры РМ и УФСБ РФ по РМ анализируются основные направления деятельности органов государственной безопасности НКВД МАССР по ликвидации врагов народа, антисоветских элементов и агентуры иностранных разведок. В статье обосновывается вывод о том, что деятельность органов НКВД в этой области носила антиконституционный и противоправный характер, а органы суда и прокуратуры стали частью репрессивного механизма. ; The article deals with the mechanism of mass repression which were taken place in Mordovia republic during 1937–1938 as well as the role of law enforcement authorities of Mordovia ASSR in repressive politic of All-Union Communist Party (VKPb). On the base of the then USSR legislation, documents and materials of central and region state archives and archives of prosecutor's office and FSB in Mordovia Republic, the main directions of law enforcement authorities (NKVD) in Mordovia ASSR, aimed at elimination of enemies, anti-soviet persons and agents of foreign intelligence services, is analyzed. The article substantiates the conclusion that NKVD activity in this legal field was anti-constitutional and illegal, and courts and prosecutor's office were the part of repressive mechanism.

This paper deals with the decade of the 2000s in Japan's public diplomacy, and tries to distinguish the newest trends, related to the changes in the post-Cold War world system. The aspect chosen for this comparison is one that concentrates on the aims of public diplomacy. "Aims" in the framework of this paper are understood as the structural segment of the classical definition of public diplomacy, which raises the main question of why public diplomacy is conducted (i.e. what are the main factors in the international community inspiring it), thus giving the basis for its legitimation per se. Regarding this, the paper proposes three main statements that are directly related to the changing aims of Japan's post-Cold War diplomacy in respect of earlier periods. It states that the government's attention to public diplomacy has been increasing since the 2000s; Japan's diplomacy tends to direct its resources towards 'softer' methods (co-optation); 'Traditional' content is complemented (or replaced?) by the 'popular' in Japan's public diplomacy. These changes are closely related to important changes in the majority of the world's countries, in which public diplomacy has developed from a quasi-secret policy related to the intelligence service and information warfare, into fashionable and openly declared activities aimed at increasing a country's attractiveness. This is inspired by increasing international competition, the importance of soft power, and noopolitik, the changing target. [to full text]

This paper deals with the decade of the 2000s in Japan's public diplomacy, and tries to distinguish the newest trends, related to the changes in the post-Cold War world system. The aspect chosen for this comparison is one that concentrates on the aims of public diplomacy. "Aims" in the framework of this paper are understood as the structural segment of the classical definition of public diplomacy, which raises the main question of why public diplomacy is conducted (i.e. what are the main factors in the international community inspiring it), thus giving the basis for its legitimation per se. Regarding this, the paper proposes three main statements that are directly related to the changing aims of Japan's post-Cold War diplomacy in respect of earlier periods. It states that the government's attention to public diplomacy has been increasing since the 2000s; Japan's diplomacy tends to direct its resources towards 'softer' methods (co-optation); 'Traditional' content is complemented (or replaced?) by the 'popular' in Japan's public diplomacy. These changes are closely related to important changes in the majority of the world's countries, in which public diplomacy has developed from a quasi-secret policy related to the intelligence service and information warfare, into fashionable and openly declared activities aimed at increasing a country's attractiveness. This is inspired by increasing international competition, the importance of soft power, and noopolitik, the changing target. [to full text]

This paper deals with the decade of the 2000s in Japan's public diplomacy, and tries to distinguish the newest trends, related to the changes in the post-Cold War world system. The aspect chosen for this comparison is one that concentrates on the aims of public diplomacy. "Aims" in the framework of this paper are understood as the structural segment of the classical definition of public diplomacy, which raises the main question of why public diplomacy is conducted (i.e. what are the main factors in the international community inspiring it), thus giving the basis for its legitimation per se. Regarding this, the paper proposes three main statements that are directly related to the changing aims of Japan's post-Cold War diplomacy in respect of earlier periods. It states that the government's attention to public diplomacy has been increasing since the 2000s; Japan's diplomacy tends to direct its resources towards 'softer' methods (co-optation); 'Traditional' content is complemented (or replaced?) by the 'popular' in Japan's public diplomacy. These changes are closely related to important changes in the majority of the world's countries, in which public diplomacy has developed from a quasi-secret policy related to the intelligence service and information warfare, into fashionable and openly declared activities aimed at increasing a country's attractiveness. This is inspired by increasing international competition, the importance of soft power, and noopolitik, the changing target. [to full text]

In developing an effective police response to 'organised crime' many practitioners look to the experience of Northern Ireland and interagency models of co‐operation. Recent action against organised offending in the province have been politically‐driven, reliant on both emergency legislation and the support of a Terrorist Finance Unit which was integrated within the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) in 1996. Reviews of emergency legislation have sustained the profile of paramilitary funding, whilst the Northern Ireland Office has focused upon fears that ex‐paramilitaries would become 'organised mafia‐type'offenders. In exploring a number of developing models of interagency co‐operation in the UK, this article will focus on the creation of two interagency bodies: the Terrorist Finance Unit in Northern Ireland, and the Joint Action Group on Organised Crime of the Metropolitan Police. The aim is to show that an organisational response and a policing strategy within Northern Ireland directed against 'terrorist funding' is now the integrated criminal police response to all forms of crime in Northern Ireland. With the creation of the National Crime Squad and a statutory National Criminal Intelligence Service in April 1998, the prospect of these developments to be extended throughout the UK are all the more apparent. Despite the additional political momentum to enhance European‐wide action against 'international organised crime' it is cautioned that recent UK interagency initiatives lack transparency, and pose major challenges to existing structures of accountability.

Intro -- Rescuing the World -- Contents -- Foreword by Henry A. Kissinger -- Introduction -- A Note on Sources -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Setting the Stage -- 2. Researching America -- 3. Rescuing the Postwar World -- 4. Combusting Spontaneously -- 5. Uncovering Communists -- 6. Lobbying for Indochina -- 7. Confronting Genocide -- 8. Sculpting the World -- 9. Ransoming Prisoners -- 10. Guiding Intelligence -- 11. The Falling Curtain -- Notes -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. Setting the Stage -- Chapter 2. Researching America -- Chapter 3. Rescuing the Postwar World -- Chapter 4. Combusting Spontaneously -- Chapter 5. Uncovering Communists -- Chapter 6. Lobbying for Indochina -- Chapter 7. Confronting Genocide -- Chapter 8. Sculpting the World -- Chapter 9. Ransoming Prisoners -- Chapter 10. Guiding Intelligence -- Chapter 11. The Falling Curtain -- Selected Bibliography -- A. Books by Leo Cherne -- B. Selected Professional Publications with Leo Cherne as Author or Co-Author -- C. Selected Articles, Chapters, and Reports by Leo Cherne -- D. Selected Unpublished Manuscripts by Leo Cherne -- E. Selected Articles about Leo Cherne -- F. Selected Speeches by Leo Cherne -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z -- Photos.

Presents a roadmap on Ambient Assisted Living (AAL). This title looks at the various developing trends in AAL from different perspectives and discusses barriers to their implementation, followed by a discussion of the application domains, AAL4persons, AAL@community, AAL@work, and a presentation of the enabling technologies.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1. When Things Become Democratized -- 1.1 Adoption of Technology -- 1.2 Revolutions -- 1.3 The Nature of Revolutions -- 1.4 The Cognitive Systems Revolution -- 2. The Coming Cognitive Augmentation Era -- 2.1 Deep Learning/Machine Learning -- 2.2 Big Data -- 2.3 Internet of Things -- 2.4 Natural Language Interfaces -- 2.5 Open Source AI -- 2.6 Cloud-Based Services -- 2.7 Social Media -- 2.8 The Connected Age -- 2.9 The Cognitive Systems Era -- 3. A Brief History of Human Augmentation -- 3.1 Technology Creates New Kinds of Workers -- 3.2 Human Cognitive Augmentation -- 3.3 The Human/Cog Ensemble -- 3.4 The Cognitive Process -- 3.5 Cognitive Work and the Augmentation Factor -- 3.6 Cognitive Power -- 3.7 Cognitive Accuracy and Cognitive Precision -- 3.8 Levels of Cognitive Augmentation -- 3.9 Summary -- 4. A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence -- 4.1 The Dartmouth Conference -- 4.2 Milestones in Artificial Intelligence -- 4.3 Machine Learning -- 4.4 Game Playing in Artificial Intelligence -- 4.5 Chatbots -- 5. The Nature of Expertise -- 5.1 The Turing Test and Searle's Chinese Room -- 5.2 Chunks -- 5.3 Types of Knowledge and the Knowledge Level -- 5.4 Bloom's Taxonomy -- 6. Cognitive Architectures -- 6.1 Genealogy of Cognitive Architectures -- 6.2 General Problem Solver -- 6.3 Reflexive/Tropistic/Instinctive Agent -- 6.4 Model-Based Reflexive/Hysteretic Agent -- 6.5 Goal-Based/Knowledge-Level Agent (Reasoning Agent) -- 6.6 Utility-Based/Knowledge-Level Agent (Rational Agent) -- 6.7 General Learning Agent (Adaptive Agent) -- 6.8 Evolutionary Agent (Evolving Agent) -- 6.9 EPIC -- 6.10 ACT-R -- 6.11 CLARION -- 6.12 Soar -- 6.13 Soar/Formal Model -- 6.14 Standard Model of the Mind -- 6.15 Subsumption Architecture -- 6.16 Emotion Machine-Model 6.

This article considers why SOE were given a prominent role in POW recovery in the Far East during the last months of the war & immediately after VJ Day. This was a task normally allotted to the International Committee of the Red Cross. It examines both strategic & humanitarian motivations as possible explanations of this policy. It reviews the means used to execute this policy along the Burma-Thailand Railway, including close cooperation with the Thai resistance movement. The success of SOE's operations are assessed & the impact of their testimony in the Tokyo War Crimes Trials is also reviewed against the background of a growing appreciation of the role of secret service in providing evidence to international tribunals. Adapted from the source document.

We describe a high-assurance framework for networked clients and servers. Called Roundhouse consists of the following elements: (1) Pinkerton, a comprehensive model for the implementation of distributed protection domains that provide for robust protection in a networked environment; (2) Iron Horse: Functional and security design of a kernelized host providing essential ring-based protection, packet authentication, and cryptography services for higher layers. (3) DEPOT: Specification, design, and prototype implementation on a PC base of the framework and initial content of dynamically modifiable servers. The intent is that DEPOT clients and servers would take advantage of platform protected modes where available (e.g., Windows NT, Iron Horse) leading to client-server computing in a network of heterogeneously trusted hosts. As a general facility for installing and managing application "hooks" DEPOT incorporates the following key new ideas: (1) the division of sets of hooks by module, (2) the partial ordering of modules, (3) binding hooks to network names, and (4) provision of a run-time model of module behavior with a visible state machine model that abstracts and externalizes the dynamic behavior of that module. The architecture is unique as it composes strong and weak systems securely and permits the dynamic retooling of executing software. ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

"This book provides a focused discussion of how families are governed through technologies. It shows how states attempt to influence, shape and govern families as both the source of and solution to a range of social problems including crime. It critically reviews family governance in contemporary neo-liberal society, notably through technologies of self-responsibilisation, biologisation, and artificial intelligence. The book draws attention to the poor working class and racialised families that often are marked out and evaluated as culpable, dysfunctional, and a threat to economic and social order, obscuring the structural inequalities that underpin family lives and discriminations that are built into the tools that identify and govern families. Filling a gap where disciplinary perspectives cross-cut, this book brings together sociological and criminological perspectives to provide a unique cross-disciplinary approach to the topic. It will be of interest to researchers, scholars and lecturers studying sociology and criminology, as well as policy-makers and professionals working in the fields of early years and family intervention programmes, including in social work, health, education, and the criminologically-relevant professions such as police and probation."--