Suchergebnisse

Résumé Les élections de 2017 ont donné lieu à une évolution croisée. D'une part, un renouvellement important de l'Assemblée est venu mettre un coup d'arrêt au processus de professionnalisation de la politique qui avait cours depuis près de quatre décennies. D'autre part, cette ouverture s'est faite vers des segments très spécifiques de la population française. La structure en chiasme de ces évolutions a favorisé les récits partiels qui, souvent avec des intentions partisanes, mettent en avant l'un ou l'autre aspect. À partir d'une enquête extensive et historique sur les parlementaires français depuis les années 1970, l'article met en perspective cette double transformation du champ politique. Il s'attache aussi à en rendre compte. L'arrivée de novices politiques socialement dominants s'est produite à la suite du contournement d'une « file d'attente » qui s'était constituée pour accéder aux fonctions politiques nationales. L'accent mis sur la temporalité permet alors de travailler à nouveaux frais la notion de « filière d'accès à la politique ».

The provision of humanitarian assistance has rapidly become a core component of modern peacebuilding and post- conflict reconstruction. Yet, despite the normative appeal of providing humanitarian assistance to the victims of violent conflict, aid workers and analysts frequently claim that humanitarian assistance can inadvertently prolong war. If such claims are true, the very treatment that the international community has been employing to address the consequences of violent conflict may actually be prolonging war and increasing the amount of suffering over time. To date, however, the evidence to support these claims is mostly anecdotal, and a satisfying theoretical link between humanitarian aid and the duration of war has yet to be specified. This dissertation explores the link between humanitarian aid and the duration of war both theoretically and empirically through a series of four papers, with each paper serving as a chapter. I show how humanitarian aid can inadvertently prolong civil war when disbursed during conflict (Chapter 3) and how humanitarian aid can undermine peace when disbursed in the aftermath of civil conflict (Chapter 4). I also show that - as a result of these effects - combatants strategically respond to aid provisions by violently attacking aid workers (Chapter 5). In each paper, I test propositions econometrically using observational data to estimate the relationship between the level of aid and political violence at the macro and micro levels

After drawing the Trianon borders in 1920, a minor part of Hungarians became residents of the territory of present-day independent Slovenia. The number of their descendants is approxima-tely 6000, and they constitute one of the Hungarian diasporic communities in the Carpathian Basin. In order to rename this part annexed from historical Vas and Zala counties a new notion was created: the Mura Region. The starting point of this study is raising attention to the fact that authors dealing with this region do not identify the name Mura Region with an identical territorial unit. Our aim is to present and analyse them, meanwhile offering an option to solve the different interpretations of the Mura Region. Besides the geographic approach, our study also relies on sociological aspects, including interviewing the local population, and it carries out research into the causes of the different interpretations of the Mura Region. We analyse this issue by presenting the territorial, historical, political, economic and cultural features of the area.

People 'overshare' when they interact with others through the screens of computers and smartphones. Oversharing means to divulge more of their inner feelings, opinions and sexuality than they would in person, or even over the phone. Text messaging, Facebooking, tweeting, camming, blogging, online dating, and internet porn are vehicles of this oversharing, which blurs the boundary between public and private life. This book examines these 'presentations of self', acknowledging that we are now much more public about what used to be private. With this second edition, Agger adds a new chapter on whhether privacy is possible that addresses selfies, job loss due to oversharing, the surveillance state, and examples of when the private should go public.

The military covenant is a set of morally binding expectations marking the exchange between military, society, and the state. Its base is the military's duality: like other large public institutions delivering services and its uniqueness in holding the monopoly over the use of legitimate organized state violence. The covenant is a form of relational (not transactional) contract based on trust between, and a long-term orientation of, partners; it both orders and displays these relations thereby offering both prescriptions for action and discursive means to legitimate them. The covenant can be used as an analytical (not normative) concept for theoretical development in three areas: social change and society-military ties, processual aspects of agreements between individuals and groups and the armed forces, and links between society-military ties and the social contract and social cohesion. We use the case of Estonia to illustrate the theoretical potential of the military covenant.

As important as social sustainability is to the sustainable development agenda, there is a lack of research to define and operationalise the concept. This research aims to add to the existing knowledge by developing a comprehensive scale for evaluating social sustainability and microfinance at the vulnerable level. We argue that a multidimensional concept of social sustainability incorporates equity, diversity, social cohesion, quality of life, and democracy and governance. An incomplete picture of social sustainability may result if these dimensions are ignored. Factor analysis examines the scale's validity, reliability, and dimensionality. Using microfinance as a case study, we demonstrate how the social sustainability scale can be used in practice. Women microfinance users in rural and coastal areas in the Satkhira District of Bangladesh's southwest were surveyed for this paper using data from a questionnaire survey that included 223 respondents from rural and coastal regions (Shyamnagar and Kaliganj Upazilas). According to this new research, improved microfinance positively and significantly impacts various aspects of social sustainability and overall social sustainability.

The article considers the main problems affecting the development of international tourism and predicts the further development of the situation. The growing tourist flow has contributed to the intensification of entrepreneurship in all sectors of the economy, capitalization of assets, job creation, economic and social growth. In 2019, the global tourism industry provided about 330 million jobs, equivalent to 10.3% of total employment. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented crisis in the tourism industry. The flow of tourists in the world has decreased by about 65%. In January-September 2020 alone, the number of international revenues decreased by 70%.This has resulted in the loss of $ 730 billion and more than 120 million jobs. It is noted that in modern conditions there are possible directions of development of inbound and domestic tourism, which are an important factor influencing the economy, but the weakening of external restrictions and lack of competitive service in the Ukrainian tourism industry will contribute to further development of international tourism. Those countries in which tourism occupies a significant share in GDP, are interested in attracting tourists as soon as possible and are ready to promptly implement all necessary anti-epidemic measures in the tourist infrastructure. For the Ukrainian government today, such a strategy is not a priority. Based on this, it is proved that the essence of the scientific and applied aspect of managing the development of international tourism is based on the theory of large business cycles and the theory of prediction. It was emphasized that the world crises ended sooner or later and a new round of development began. The task of mastering the forces of socio-economic life and subordinating them to the conscious, planned leadership of the state, as well as constructive and continuous social dialogue between the government and social partners, is the next practical transformation of today. The program of conscious organizational and regulatory steps ...

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a typology of organization behavior based on the guidelines from Manusmriti, an ancient Indian law text. The paper also purports to provide guidelines from the text for values‐based corporate governance.Design/methodology/approachThe paper first develops an organizational behavior typology based on Manusmriti. The paper then provides guidelines for various aspects of values‐based corporate governance.FindingsThe paper finds that the guidelines from Manusmriti are relevant in providing a holistic approach to corporate governance which promotes ethical and social idealism.Practical implicationsThe paper has practical implications to practitioners of corporate governance in terms of developing structures which promote ethical and socially responsible behavior.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper is in deriving guidelines for values‐based corporate governance from Manusmriti.

Assesses Franz L. Neumann's approach to social pathology & political justice. His late essay, "Anxiety and Politics," not only inaugurated an exceptionally significant & frequently overlooked area of research; it also aptly differentiated between the conceptual & normative bases that should be accounted for in current political psychology. However, the weaknesses of Neumann's approach derive from an overreliance on Freudian psychoanalysis & its development by the Frankfurt school. Moreover, the approach is based on an exclusively narrow perspective on the collapse of Nazism. Three particular theoretical aspects are addressed: (1) Neumann's notion of individual neurotic anxiety; (2) the psychological links between individuals' neurotic anxieties & the regressive loss of ego in a mass of unlimited collectivities; & (3) how "tyrannical governments" institutionalize anxiety. K. Coddon

"In the eighteenth century sport as we know it emerged as a definable social activity. Hunting and other country sports became the source of significant innovations in visual art; racing and boxing generated important subcultures; and sport's impact on good health permeated medical, historical, and philosophical writings. Sporting Cultures, 1650 1850 is a collection of essays that charts important developments in the study of sport in the eighteenth century. Editors Daniel O'Quinn and Alexis Tadié have gathered together an array of European and North American scholars to critically examine the educational, political, and medical contexts that separated sports from other physical activities. The volume reveals how the mediation of sporting activities, through match reports, pictures, and players, transcended the field of aristocratic patronage and gave rise to the social and economic forces we now associate with sports. In Sporting Cultures, 1650-1850, O'Quinn and Tadié successfully lay the groundwork for future research on the complex intersection of power, pleasure, and representation in sports culture."--

This timely treatise introduces an innovative prevention/preparedness model for cities to address and counter terrorist threats and events. It offers theoretical background, mixed-method research, and tools for creating a resilience-based response to terrorism, as opposed to the security-based frameworks commonly in use worldwide. The extended example of Milan as a "resilient-healthy" city pinpoints sociological, political, and economic factors that contribute to terror risk, and outlines how law enforcement and emergency management professionals can adopt more proactive measures. From these observations and findings, the author also makes recommendations for the professional training and city planning sectors to address preparedness issues, and for community inclusion programs to deter criminal activities in at-risk youth. Features of the coverage: Summary of sociological theories of terrorism The Resilience D model for assessing and managing urban terrorist activity Findings on resilience and vulnerabilities of terror groups Photo-illustrated analysis of neighborhoods in Milan, describing areas of risk and resilience Virtual ethnography with perspectives from native residents, recent immigrants, and security experts Proposals for coordinated communications between resource agencies The Other Side of Resilience to Terrorism will hold considerable interest for students, stakeholders, practitioners, and researchers. It makes a worthwhile text for various academic disciplines (e.g., urban sociology, crisis management) as well as for public agencies and policymakers

Just across the northern border of a former apartheid-era homeland sits a rural community in the midst of change, caught between a traditional past and a western future, a racially charged history and a pseudo-democratic present. The Rainy Season, a work of engaging literary journalism, introduces readers to the remote bushveld community of Rooiboklaagte and opens a window into the complicated reality of daily life in South Africa. The Rainy Season tells the stories of three generations in the Rainbow Nation one decade after its first democratic elections. This multi-threaded narrative follows Regina, a tapestry weaver in her sixties, standing at the crossroads where her Catholic faith and the AIDS pandemic crash; Thoko, a middle-aged sangoma (traditional healer) taking steps to turn her shebeen into a fully licensed tavern; and Dankie, a young man taking his matriculation exams, coming of age as one of Mandela's Children, the first academic class educated entirely under democratic governance. Home to Shangaan, Sotho, and Mozambican Tsonga families, Rooiboklaagte sits in a village where an outdoor butchery occupies an old petrol station and a funeral parlor sits in the attached garage. It's a place where an AIDS education center sits across the street from a West African doctor selling cures for the pandemic. It's where BMWs park outside of crumbling cement homes, and the availability of water changes with the day of the week. As the land shifts from dusty winter blond to lush summer green and back again, the duration of northeastern South Africa's rainy season, Regina, Thoko, and Dankie all face the challenges and possibilities of the new South Africa.

Immigration is having an increasingly important effect on the social insurance system in the United States. On the one hand, eligible legal immigrants have the right to eventually receive pension benefits but also rely on other aspects of the social insurance system such as health care, disability, unemployment insurance, and welfare programs, while most of their savings have direct positive effects on the domestic economy. On the other hand, most undocumented immigrants contribute to the system through taxed wages but are not eligible for these programs unless they attain legal status, and a large proportion of their savings translates into remittances that have no direct effects on the domestic economy. Moreover, a significant percentage of immigrants migrate back to their countries of origin after a relatively short period of time, and their savings while in the United States are predominantly in the form of remittances. Therefore, any analysis that tries to understand the impact of immigrant workers on the overall system has to take into account the decisions and events these individuals face throughout their lives, as well as the use of the government programs they are entitled to. We propose a life-cycle Overlapping Generations (OLG) model in a general equilibrium framework of legal and undocumented immigrants' decisions regarding consumption, savings, labor supply, and program participation to analyze their role in the financial sustainability of the system. Our analysis of the effects of potential policy changes, such as giving some undocumented immigrants legal status, shows increases in capital stock, output, consumption, labor productivity, and overall welfare. The effects are relatively small in percentage terms but considerable given the size of our economy.

In 1968, Karl Deutsch published his widely accredited seminal on "Social Mobilisation and Political Development". According to Deutsch, 'social mobilisation' is a transformational process, especially a movement away from the traditional way of doing things to modern ways. Deutsch carefully crafted his indicators for social mobilization as follows: Exposure to aspects of modern life, Exposure to mass media, Change of residence, Urbanization, Literacy and Change from agricultural occupations. This work sets out to interrogate the relevance and applicability of same indicators as identified by Deutsch in Nigeria. Employing a mixed method involving systematic critique and content analysis that relies on secondary data, as well as descriptive survey method, using questionnaire administered to 700 respondents in 3 states of Nigeria (Enugu, Abuja and Lagos). Multi-stage sampling was adopted involving purposively mapping the country into 3 ethnopolitical zones (Eastern/Niger-Delta, Northern and Western), from which samples were selected in clusters.

Cover -- Contents -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction -- The Combination of Empirical Qualitative Data with a Marxist Analysis -- The Wider Relevance of this Book -- Forced Migration in Context: 'Capitalism is Crisis' -- British Capitalism and the International Reserve Army of Labour -- Gender and Migration -- Conclusions and Outline of the Book -- 2 Racism and the Political Economy of Refugee Reception -- Introduction -- The Position of Black People in Britain Today -- Imperialism, Nationalism, Racism and Gender -- Refugees in Britain and the Management of Migration -- Labour's Policies for Disciplining Refugees -- The Long-term Impact of Asylum Policies on Refugees with Status -- Conclusions -- 3 Refugees and the British State -- Introduction -- The Class Basis of the Imperialist State: A Particular Kind of Capitalist State -- Repressive Aspects of the British State and Refugees -- Racism and Politics in British State Welfare -- Disempowerment and Discrimination in Refugees' Experiences of Welfare -- The British State in a Period of Bank Bail-Outs and Public Sector Cuts: Implications for Refugees -- Conclusions -- 4 Introducing the Refugee Relations Industry -- Introduction -- The Historical Role of Britain's Race Relations Industry -- Race Relations Today -- The Role of Organisations Managing Refugees' Relationship to the State -- Mediating the Contradictions in the 'Big Society' -- Conclusions -- 5 Social Capital and the Management of Refugees' Oppression -- Introduction -- Labour's Turn Towards Social Capital as Theory and Practice -- Refugees' Incentives to Build New Networks and Relationships -- The Influence of Previous Forms of Engagement -- Outcomes of Social Capital Building with the State -- Contradictions between Subjective Motivations and Objective Outcomes.