For a long time evolving apart, the world of telecommunications and the one of local government start coming closer since the beginning of the 1990s. Through a world-wide impetus of openness to economic competition - which took effect in France since January 1998 - the telecommunications sector is giving up a monopolistic and national organization. The doctoral thesis tries to bring out the local consequencies of this evolution. Based upon four main case studies (Lille-Métropole Communauté urbaine, Besançon, Chalon Val-de-Bourgogne, and Le Grand Nancy) the present work proves that two models - an adaptable one and a pro-active one - of local involvement exist. The local government which is of great interest to the telecommunications firms to reinforce the presence of their new networks but also to invest a new market, has to develop initiatives to manage the infrastructures of exploitant operators. Besides the local government can also invest the world of telecommunications which becomes a strategic factor of territorial development. In that case it initiates real local policies in various fields such as economic, government programmes or the setting up of networks infrastrutures. The present investigation goes on studying the genesis modes of these local and public initiatives of telecommunications and their effective capacity of reproduction. In the last analysis it shows how telecommunications are part of the field of intervention in any local government while local government ranks among telecommunications actors. ; Longtemps distants et étrangers l'un à l'autre, le monde des télécommunications et celui des collectivités locales amorcent un rapprochement depuis le début des années 1990. Tiré par un élan mondial d'ouverture à la concurrence (effective en France depuis le premier janvier 1998 sur les infrastructures et les services), le secteur des télécommunications est en train de quitter une organisation nationale et monopolistique. L'objet de cette thèse est de mettre en lumière les conséquences locales de cette évolution. Basé sur quatre études de cas principales (Lille-Métropole Communauté Urbaine, Besançon, Chalon Val-de-Bourgogne, et le Grand Nancy), ce travail montre l'existence d'un double modèle (réactif et proactif) d'implication locale dans les télécommunications. Les collectivités territoriales, qui intéressent au plus haut point les opérateurs de télécommunications en tant que lieu d'implantation des nouveaux réseaux de télécommunications mais aussi en tant que nouveau marché à investir, sont amenées à mettre en oeuvre certaines actions destinées à gérer les infrastructures des opérateurs. Par ailleurs, et dans certaines configurations, les collectivités locales peuvent également investir la sphère des télécommunications (qui deviennent un élément stratégique de développement territorial) et initient alors de véritables politiques locales dans des domaines aussi variés que l'action économique, l'action administrative ou la création d'infrastructures de réseaux. La recherche se poursuit par l'étude des modalités de genèse de ces initiatives publiques locales de télécommunications et de leur reproductibilité potentielle. Ces études démontrent en dernière analyse que les télécoms font désormais partie du champ d'intervention potentiel de toute collectivité locale tandis que, symétriquement, les collectivités locales comptent dorénavant au rang des acteurs des télécommunications.
For a long time evolving apart, the world of telecommunications and the one of local government start coming closer since the beginning of the 1990s. Through a world-wide impetus of openness to economic competition - which took effect in France since January 1998 - the telecommunications sector is giving up a monopolistic and national organization. The doctoral thesis tries to bring out the local consequencies of this evolution. Based upon four main case studies (Lille-Métropole Communauté urbaine, Besançon, Chalon Val-de-Bourgogne, and Le Grand Nancy) the present work proves that two models - an adaptable one and a pro-active one - of local involvement exist. The local government which is of great interest to the telecommunications firms to reinforce the presence of their new networks but also to invest a new market, has to develop initiatives to manage the infrastructures of exploitant operators. Besides the local government can also invest the world of telecommunications which becomes a strategic factor of territorial development. In that case it initiates real local policies in various fields such as economic, government programmes or the setting up of networks infrastrutures. The present investigation goes on studying the genesis modes of these local and public initiatives of telecommunications and their effective capacity of reproduction. In the last analysis it shows how telecommunications are part of the field of intervention in any local government while local government ranks among telecommunications actors. ; Longtemps distants et étrangers l'un à l'autre, le monde des télécommunications et celui des collectivités locales amorcent un rapprochement depuis le début des années 1990. Tiré par un élan mondial d'ouverture à la concurrence (effective en France depuis le premier janvier 1998 sur les infrastructures et les services), le secteur des télécommunications est en train de quitter une organisation nationale et monopolistique. L'objet de cette thèse est de mettre en lumière les conséquences locales de cette évolution. Basé sur quatre études de cas principales (Lille-Métropole Communauté Urbaine, Besançon, Chalon Val-de-Bourgogne, et le Grand Nancy), ce travail montre l'existence d'un double modèle (réactif et proactif) d'implication locale dans les télécommunications. Les collectivités territoriales, qui intéressent au plus haut point les opérateurs de télécommunications en tant que lieu d'implantation des nouveaux réseaux de télécommunications mais aussi en tant que nouveau marché à investir, sont amenées à mettre en oeuvre certaines actions destinées à gérer les infrastructures des opérateurs. Par ailleurs, et dans certaines configurations, les collectivités locales peuvent également investir la sphère des télécommunications (qui deviennent un élément stratégique de développement territorial) et initient alors de véritables politiques locales dans des domaines aussi variés que l'action économique, l'action administrative ou la création d'infrastructures de réseaux. La recherche se poursuit par l'étude des modalités de genèse de ces initiatives publiques locales de télécommunications et de leur reproductibilité potentielle. Ces études démontrent en dernière analyse que les télécoms font désormais partie du champ d'intervention potentiel de toute collectivité locale tandis que, symétriquement, les collectivités locales comptent dorénavant au rang des acteurs des télécommunications.
La última dictadura militar en Argentina (1976-1982) es un proceso de la historia reciente que ha marcado de manera singular al campo social y sus distintos actores. El debate sobre este periodo atraviesa la esfera pública y en distintos momentos va adquiriendo o perdiendo visibilidad, de acuerdo a las relaciones de fuerza que se establezcan entre los distintos sectores políticos y sociales. En todo el país funcionaron centros clandestinos de detención y numerosas personas fueron detenidas por razones políticas, muchas de ellas permanecen todavía desaparecidas. En este trabajo se abordará la construcción de sentidos sobre la última dictadura militar en Argentina y sus víctimas a través de los discursos de sus protagonistas. Interesa indagar qué significados circulan sobre la última dictadura militar, su tiempo, sus crímenes y consecuencias entre quienes han sido afectados "directamente" por la represión. El análisis se centra en la ciudad de Olavarría por ser una localidad "intermedia", en el interior de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Para efectuarlo se realizaron entrevistas a cinco "informantes clave", considerados de esta forma por ser exdetenidos, militantes de los años setenta, familiares de desaparecidos, pertenecientes y no pertenecientes a organismos de derechos humanos residentes en Olavarría. Las entrevistas brindaron algunos ejes para pensar la construcción del pasado reciente: la idealización del pasado, el estigma y los criterios de autoridad para hablar sobre los años setenta, la figura de víctimas y victimarios más allá del sentido común y con una mirada crítica respecto de la militancia y la violencia política.AbstractThe last military dictatorship in Argentina(1976-1982) has determined the social process and itsleaders. The debate about this period goes around the public sphere and the individual matters. Progressively,this process is getting less and less visibility, according to the relations between social andpolitical factors. There were concentration camps all over the country and many people were underarrest because political reasons, many of them disappeared nowadays. We will to explain all theseprocess through the proper leaders´ speeches, as a real and true testimony. Through the beginning tothe end we will try to develop the sequences and consequences of the period, specially taking care ofthe victims, their sufferings and projections over the whole community. The focus of our analysis willbe Olavarria city, our home town, because it was the intermediate point of the repressive militaryrepression. We will show images and spoken testimonies from people involved into the human rightscampaigns, who fought again the government and the police forces by that time. Many men and womenwere born and lived in Olavarria those days.The five interviews were developed in order to build the recent past of the country, its political andsocial idealization and the considerations about the sense of authority, common sense, and the viewsupported by victims and murderers during the seventies. In summary, a critical view on violence andpolitical actions.KeywordsMemory; repressions; testimony; senses.
La última dictadura militar en Argentina (1976-1982) es un proceso de la historia reciente que ha marcado de manera singular al campo social y sus distintos actores. El debate sobre este periodo atraviesa la esfera pública y en distintos momentos va adquiriendo o perdiendo visibilidad, de acuerdo a las relaciones de fuerza que se establezcan entre los distintos sectores políticos y sociales. En todo el país funcionaron centros clandestinos de detención y numerosas personas fueron detenidas por razones políticas, muchas de ellas permanecen todavía desaparecidas. En este trabajo se abordará la construcción de sentidos sobre la última dictadura militar en Argentina y sus víctimas a través de los discursos de sus protagonistas. Interesa indagar qué significados circulan sobre la última dictadura militar, su tiempo, sus crímenes y consecuencias entre quienes han sido afectados "directamente" por la represión. El análisis se centra en la ciudad de Olavarría por ser una localidad "intermedia", en el interior de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Para efectuarlo se realizaron entrevistas a cinco "informantes clave", considerados de esta forma por ser exdetenidos, militantes de los años setenta, familiares de desaparecidos, pertenecientes y no pertenecientes a organismos de derechos humanos residentes en Olavarría. Las entrevistas brindaron algunos ejes para pensar la construcción del pasado reciente: la idealización del pasado, el estigma y los criterios de autoridad para hablar sobre los años setenta, la figura de víctimas y victimarios más allá del sentido común y con una mirada crítica respecto de la militancia y la violencia política.AbstractThe last military dictatorship in Argentina(1976-1982) has determined the social process and itsleaders. The debate about this period goes around the public sphere and the individual matters. Progressively,this process is getting less and less visibility, according to the relations between social andpolitical factors. There were concentration camps all over the country and many people were underarrest because political reasons, many of them disappeared nowadays. We will to explain all theseprocess through the proper leaders´ speeches, as a real and true testimony. Through the beginning tothe end we will try to develop the sequences and consequences of the period, specially taking care ofthe victims, their sufferings and projections over the whole community. The focus of our analysis willbe Olavarria city, our home town, because it was the intermediate point of the repressive militaryrepression. We will show images and spoken testimonies from people involved into the human rightscampaigns, who fought again the government and the police forces by that time. Many men and womenwere born and lived in Olavarria those days.The five interviews were developed in order to build the recent past of the country, its political andsocial idealization and the considerations about the sense of authority, common sense, and the viewsupported by victims and murderers during the seventies. In summary, a critical view on violence andpolitical actions.KeywordsMemory; repressions; testimony; senses.
В сентябре 2008 года были опубликованы результаты четырехлетнего проекта ОЭСР «Тематический обзор по высшему образованию», в котором приняли участие 24 страны, в том числе Российская Федерация. Итогом проекта стала публикация обзора «Роль высшего образования в экономике знаний» (Tertiary Education for the Knowledge Society), представляющего собой комплексное и широкомасштабное исследование ключевых тенденций и направлений политики в области высшего образования в странах-членах и странах-партнерах ОЭСР. По сути, публикация результатов проекта является своего рода «международной энциклопедией высшего образования», поскольку охватывает все основные направления политики в области высшего образования, а также обобщает опыт стран, существенно различающихся как по уровню социально-экономического развития, так и по подходам к образовательной политике. Особую ценность для специалистов, занимающихся разработкой и реализацией образовательной политики, представляют практические рекомендации, выработанные экспертами ОЭСР на основе проведенного сравнительного межстранового исследования и выявления наиболее успешных политических практик, позволяющих странам эффективно отвечать на современные вызовы, с которыми сталкиваются их образовательные системы. В то же время, представляя результаты проекта, эксперты ОЭСР подчеркивают, что использование всего комплекса предложенных рекомендаций, а также конкретных инструментов их реализации на национальном уровне, требует тщательного анализа и обсуждения с участием различных заинтересованных сторон: общенациональных и региональных органов управления образованием, агентств по обеспечению качества образования, вузов, ассоциаций работодателей, студенческих союзов, с учетом особенностей национального контекста, традиций и особенностей развития образования. Анализ приоритетов и наиболее успешных практик образовательной политики стран ОЭСР и оценка возможностей их использования для развития российского образования было одной из задач проекта «Аналитическое исследование возможностей использования опыта образовательной политики стран ОЭСР на основе анализа «дорожной карты» в свете поставленной задачи присоединения к ОЭСР», реализованного Институтом международных организаций и международного сотрудничества в 2008 году по заказу Федерального агентства по образованию. Мы представляем нашим читателям первый аналитический материал из серии материалов, подготовленных в рамках проекта на основе анализа результатов проекта ОЭСР. Неслучайно этот материал посвящен теме качества образования, поскольку именно обеспечение качества образования, в том чисел высшего образования на различных уровнях (международном, национальном, институциональном) сегодня становится одним из основных направлений текущей аналитической работы Директората ОЭСР по образованию, что обусловлено растущими масштабами, диверсификацией систем высшего образования и усиливающейся конкуренцией на рынке образовательных услуг. В публикуемом материале, в том числе, представлена оценка возможностей использования рекомендаций ОЭСР в части обеспечения качества высшего образования для развития образования в России. ; The results of four-year OECD project Thematic review of tertiary education, in which took part 24 countries, including the Russian Federation, were published on September 2008. The outcome of the project was publication of the review Tertiary Education for the Knowledge Society which represents a full-scale and combined research of the key tendencies and directions of tertiary education policy in the member and partner countries of OECD. The publication of the project's results is per se international encyclopedia of tertiary education, because it covers all the fundamental directions of the tertiary education policy and summarizes the experience of countries which have not only different levels of socio-economic development, but also different approaches to educational policy. The particular interest for specialists responsible for elaboration and realization of educational policy, represent the practical recommendations, worked out by OECD experts on the basis of conducted comparative international research and revelation of the most successful political practices, which permit countries to respond effectively to the contemporary challenges faced by their educational systems. In the same time, while representing the project's results, the OECD experts emphasize, that the use of the entire set of proposed recommendations as well as the specific instruments of their realization on the national level, requires the careful analysis and discussion with the involvement of different stakeholders: national and regional government authorities, quality assurance agencies, TEIs, employers and students associations, taking into account the features of national context, traditions and peculiarities of country's education system development. The analysis of priorities and national case-studies of OECD countries' educational policy and the estimation of possibilities of their usage for Russian education development was one of the main objectives of the project «Analytical review of the OECD member states education policy and analysis of the Education policy committee strategic priorities to respond to the Roadmap for the Russian Federation accession to the OECD Convention requirements», realized by International Organizations Research Institute in 2008 by request of the Federal Agency of Education. We present to our readers first analytical article form the series of materials, prepared in the framework of the Project on the basis of the OECD project results analysis. It is no coincidence that this article is devoted to the theme of educational quality, as far as the educational quality assurance, including tertiary education, on different levels (international, national, institutional) today becomes one of the main directions of the current analytical work of OECD Directorate on Education, which is conditioned by the growing scale and diversification of higher education systems and increasing concurrence on the educational services market. In the published material is also presented the estimation of the possibilities to use the OECD recommendations on the tertiary education quality assurance for the development of education in the Russian Federation.
У статті проведено аналіз надання підтримки силам безпеки Афганістану з боку НАТО. Визначено основні ключові напрями діяльності Північноатлантичного Альянсу в ході "Операції з підтримання безпеки в Афганістані" силами контингенту ISAF, місії "Рішуча підтримка" та довгострокового співробітництва. ; На сегодня коллективная оборона остается главной задачей НАТО. Появление новых вызовов и угроз, которые возникают далеко за пределами зоны ответственности этой организации, в частности терроризм, являют собой вызовы, которые невозможно преодолеть, исходя лишь из "территориального" понимание безопасности. Итак, изучение и анализ поддержки НАТО сил безопасности других стран является важным, учитывая процессы, происходящие на востоке Украины.В статье проанализирован опыт деятельности НАТО по оказанию поддержки институтам обороны и безопасности Афганистана во время "Операции по поддержанию безопасности в Афганистане" силами контингента ISAF (International Security Assistance Force, ISAF) во время миссии НАТО "Решительная поддержка" (РП-А), а также в рамках долгосрочного сотрудничества.Поддержка во время "Операции по поддержанию безопасности в Афганистане" силами контингента ISAF. Мандат ИСАФ сначала ограничивался обеспечением безопасности в Кабуле и вокруг него. В октябре 2003 года ООН распространила полномочия ИСАФ на всю территорию Афганистана (Резолюция СБ ООН № 1510), что положило путь для расширения деятельности миссии по всей стране.Поддержка в ходе выполнения миссии "Решительная поддержка" (РП-А). Принципиальной функцией миссии РП-А является предоставление консультативной помощи правительству Афганистана по развитию операционных возможностей Афганских национальных сил безопасности и обороны, в том числе с применением экспедиционных групп советников (Expeditionary Advisory Package) вне пунктов постоянной дислокации. По словам Генерального секретаря НАТО, миссия РП-А является миссией по учебной подготовке консультированию и содействию афганским силам безопасности.Поддержка в рамках долгосрочного сотрудничества. Несмотря на то, что НАТО сосредоточивает усилия по поддержке Афганистана в рамках миссии РП-А и финансирование афганских сил безопасности продолжается работа и в области долгосрочного партнерства, которое включает политический диалог и практическое сотрудничество между НАТО и Афганистаном.Выводы.1. Поддержка сил безопасности и обороны Афганистана проводится НАТО по трем важным направлениям – в рамках не боевой миссии "Решительная поддержка", которая стала логическим продолжением боевой операции – "Операции по поддержанию безопасности в Афганистане" силами контингента ISAF, финансовая поддержка в рамках фонда, которым руководит НАТО совместно с фондом ООН и в рамках долгосрочного сотрудничества.2. Несмотря на значительный объем финансирования и поддержки сил безопасности и обороны Афганистана не способны полностью контролировать ситуацию в стране самостоятельно без международной помощи.3. Перспективным направлением практической помощи НАТО Афганистан считается постепенный переход к "Устойчивому партнерству".Дальнейшие исследования целесообразно сосредоточить на изучении опыта поддержки НАТО сектора безопасности и обороны других стран, не являющихся членами НАТО с целью определения концептуальных подходов, общих принципов и тенденций по оказанию помощи, а также особенностей формирования и принятия решений в поддержку отдельных стран в политической, военной и других сферах. ; Today, collective defense remains the main task of NATO. The emergence of new challenges and threats that arise far beyond the borders of the area of responsibility of this Organization, in particular terrorism, are challenges that can not be overcome solely on the basis of a "territorial" understanding of security.Therefore, the study and analysis of NATO support to the security forces of other countries is important given the processes taking place in easternUkraine.The purpose of the article. Analyze the experience of NATO activities to provide support to Afghanistan's defense and security institutions during the "Security Operations in Afghanistan" by the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) contingent within the NATO Resolute Support Mission (RS-A), as well as in the within the framework of long-term cooperation.Support for the "Security Operations in Afghanistan" by the contingent of ISAF.The ISAF mandate was initially confined to security in and around Kabul. In October 2003, the UN extended the mandate of ISAF to the entire territory of Afghanistan (UNSCR 1510), which paved the way for expanding its mission throughout the country.Support during the mission "Resolute Support" (RS-A).The principal function of the RS-A mission is to provide advisory and consultative assistance to the Government of Afghanistan on the development of the operational capabilities of the Afghan national security and defense forces, including with the use of Expeditionary Advisory Packages outside the permanent locations. According to the Secretary-General of NATO, the RS-A mission is a mission to train advisers and assist the Afghan security forces.Support in the framework of long-term cooperationDespite the fact that NATO focuses its support efforts onAfghanistanwithin the framework of the RS-A mission and the financing of the Afghan security forces, work continues in the area of long-term partnership, which includes political dialogue and practical cooperation between NATO andAfghanistan.Conclusions:1. The support of the Afghan security and defense forces is carried out by NATO in three important areas - within a non-combat Resolute Support Mission, which was the logical continuation of the military operation, "Operation Security Assistance in Afghanistan" by the contingent of the ISAF, financial support under the fund managed by NATO together with the UN fund and in the framework of long-term cooperation.2. Despite the significant amount of funding and support to the Afghan security and defense forces, they are not able to fully control the situation in the country independently without international assistance.3. A promising direction for NATO's practical assistance to Afghanistan is the gradual transition to a Sustainable Partnership.Further studies should focus on the study of NATO's support of the security and defense sector of non-NATO countries in order to identify conceptual approaches, general principles and tendencies in providing assistance, as well as the peculiarities of shaping and decision-making in support of individual countries in political, military and other areas.
Why should you choose this book? This publication is primarily intended to academia, including post graduate students pursuing research degrees. It explores the core aspects of contemporary corporate strategies, public policies and practices that create value. This publication is a concise and authoritative guide on the business case for corporate social responsibility (CSR). It provides a thorough understanding on the theoretical underpinnings of corporate social responsibility, business ethics, corporate citizenship and creating shared value, among other notions. Moreover, its empirical studies show how stakeholder engagement and sustainability strategies can create synergistic value for both business and society in a global context. It suggests that both academia and business practitioners can employ corporate sustainability and responsibility practices as a guiding principle for their business success. Mark Anthony Camilleri, PhD (Edinburgh) ; Responsible behaviors are increasingly being embedded into new business models and strategies that are designed to meet environmental, societal and governance deficits. Therefore, the notion of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become very popular among academia as this concept has continuously been challenged by those who want corporations to move beyond transparency, business ethics and stakeholder engagement. Back in 1979, Archie B. Carroll affirmed that business have economic responsibilities to provide a decent return on investment to owners and shareholders; by creating jobs and fair pay for workers; discovering new resources; promoting technological advancement, innovation, and the creation of new products and services along with other objectives. Lately, there is a similar discourse in many international fora, conferences, seminars and colloquia about corporate sustainability and responsible behaviors. However, the discussions are usually characterized by the presentation of theories that define the concepts, rather than by being practical workshops (which involve the businesses themselves). In this light, this book clearly identifies the business case for CSR. It attempts to trigger active participation in corporate suites. Inevitably, it contends that there are still some challenging opportunities facing businesses, which will have to be addressed in the foreseeable future; including Stakeholder Relations and Collaborations, Government Regulation for CSR Compliance and the role of Strategic CSR in Education and Training. In this light, this book's theoretical underpinnings and empirical studies suggest that businesses can do well by doing good. It builds on the previous theoretical underpinnings of the CSR agenda, including Business Ethics (Crane and Matten, 2004); Stakeholder Engagement (Freeman, 1984); Corporate Citizenship (Carroll, 1998; Waddock, 2004; Matten and Crane, 2005), Creating Shared Value (Porter and Kramer, 2011; 2006; Crane, Palazzo, Spence & Matten, 2014), as it presents the latest Corporate Sustainability and Responsibility (CSR2.0) perspective (Visser, 2011,2014; Camilleri, 2017). This promising notion is being recognized as a concept that offers new ways of thinking and behaving. It has potential to deliver significant benefits to both business and society as it is an easy term that may appeal to business practitioners. CSR2.0 is linked to improvements in economic performance, operational efficiency, higher quality, innovation and competitiveness. At the same time, it raises awareness on responsible behaviors. Therefore, CSR2.0 can be considered as strategic in its intent and purposes, as businesses are capable of being socially and environmentally responsible 'citizens' whilst pursuing their profit-making activities. This latter perspective suggests that responsible behavioral practices may be re-conceived to confer competitive advantage over rival firms. Therefore, this contribution makes reference to laudable investments that could unleash value to business and society. It implies that CSR2.0 demands business to build adaptive approaches with stakeholders for the benefit of the firm and for societal advancement. Chapter 1 presents a thorough literature review on corporate social responsibility and its other related constructs, including corporate citizenship, stakeholder engagement and business ethics. Hence, this chapter reported on how CSR has evolved to reflect the societal realities. Chapter 2 reviews the different definitions of the corporate responsibility paradigms and draws comparisons between related concepts. The author contends that organization studies; economic, institutional, cultural and cognitive perspectives are shaping the corporate responsibility agenda. She cleverly presents the benefits of integrating multiple perspectives and discusses about the possible research avenues in the realms of corporate responsibility. Chapter 3 suggests that the field of CSR is ushering a new era in the relationship between business and society: in the CSR 2.0 era. The author puts forward a Total Responsibility Management (TRM) approach that may be useful for business practitioners who intend adopting CSR behaviors. This chapter posits that CSR strategies including managing relationship with stakeholders will contribute to the companies´ success and will also bring community welfare. Chapter 4 focuses on the national governments' regulatory role of raising awareness on CSR behaviors among businesses. The author suggests that there is scope for the state agencies to promote CSR as a business case for companies. She provides an outline of the current state of "supranational regulative policies on public procurement" within the European Union context. Chapter 5 uses a stakeholder perspective to encapsulate the CSR concept. The authors investigated social value cocreation (SVCC) through a qualitative study among different stakeholders (customers, employees, and managers). They implied that businesses ought to clarify their motives, by opening channels of communication with stakeholders. This way, there will be a higher level of SVCC with increased (stakeholder) loyalty toward the firms. Chapter 6 sheds light on Porter and Kramer's (2011) shared value proposition. The author explains how collaborative stakeholder interactions could lead to significant improvements in the supply chain. Chapter 7 involved a longitudinal study that investigated how four different State Owned Enterprises communicated with Māori communities between 2008 and 2013. This study contributes to the extant research on the legitimacy theory and CSR communication with ethnic minorities in the Aotearoa (New Zealand) context. Chapter 8 links the CSR paradigm with risk management. The author suggests that Serbian businesses ought to adopt corporate sustainable and responsible approaches in terms of their disaster risk reduction prior to environmental emergencies. Chapter 9 involved a quantitative analysis that explored the CSR practices within the hospitality industry. The authors suggested that there were distinct social and environmentally responsible behaviors in different geographical areas. They argued that institutions can take their results into account when drawing up policies that are aimed at fostering responsible tourism practices. Chapter 10 examined how CSR communication of self-serving motives can lead to more trust and credibility among stakeholders as well as corporate reputation. The authors implied that the marketers should be aware of how the public perceive CSR behaviors. Chapter 11 reports that corporate or organizational storytelling, is increasingly being used as a promotional tool to communicate CSR information to stakeholders. The authors present four companies that have used storytelling with the aims of transmitting values, fostering collaboration, leading change and sharing knowledge on responsible practices. Chapter 12 relates corporate sustainability to the construct of emotional capital. The authors maintain that emotional capital enables businesses to attract and retain talent. They maintain that there are significant improvements to the firms' bottom lines If they invest in responsible human resources management. Chapter13 suggests that the transition from the CSR to CSR 2.0 requires the adoption of five new principles - creativity, scalability, responsiveness, glocality and circularity. The authors posit that these principles ought to be embedded within the organizations' management values and culture. The authors propose a new framework that can be used to manage the processes of socially responsible organizations. Chapter 14 investigated the banks' behaviors during the economic crisis in Turkey. The authors reported on the bank's CSR strategies as they supported small and medium sized enterprises, as well as local communities during the financial turmoil. Chapter 15 offers insights on sustainable tourism as the authors investigated the constraints that explain why an attitude–behavior gap exists in responsible tourists' behaviors. Chapter 16 examines three leading networks that are intended to promote corporate sustainability and responsibility. The author explores their growing influence as he reviews their objectives, organizational structures, types of activities, practices and impacts. References Camilleri, M.A. (2017) Corporate Sustainability, Social Responsibility and Environmental Management: An Introduction to Theory and Practice with Case Studies. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany. http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319468488 Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Academy of management review, 4(4), 497-505. Carroll, A. B. (1998). The four faces of corporate citizenship. Business and society review, 100(1), 1-7. Crane, A., & Matten, D. (2004). Questioning the domain of the business ethics curriculum. Journal of Business Ethics, 54(4), 357-369. Crane, A., Palazzo, G., Spence, L. J., & Matten, D. (2014). Contesting the value of "creating shared value". California management review, 56(2), 130-153. Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic Management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman. ISBN 0-273-01913-9. Matten, D., & Crane, A. (2005). Corporate citizenship: Toward an extended theoretical conceptualization. Academy of Management review, 30(1), 166-179. Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2006). Strategy and society: the link between corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage. Harvard business review, 84(12), 78-92. Porter, M. & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating shared value. Harvard business review, 89(1/2), 62-77. Visser, W. (2011). The age of responsibility: CSR 2.0 and the new DNA of business. John Wiley & Sons. Visser, W. (2014). CSR 2.0: Transforming corporate sustainability and responsibility. Heidelberg^ eBerlin Berlin: Springer. Waddock, S. (2004). Parallel universes: Companies, academics, and the progress of corporate citizenship. Business and society Review, 109(1), 5-42. ; peer-reviewed
ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the Compensation Conflict Against Land Acquisition Located and Entered at the Beach Side (Study in Bengkayang Regency) ". The method used in this study is normative and sociological legal approaches. The conclusion of this thesis is the recognition and position of the lands located and entering the coastal boundary according to law and land. Land tenure has a broader range of understanding than rights, which includes mastery based on a right or control based on a power of attorney which in fact gives authority to carry out legal actions as befits a person who has rights. The land tenure is based on a right and some are based on evidence of physical control.Physical control based on a right is referred to as juridical control, the coastal border area is quoted from Bengkayang Regency Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2014 concerning Bengkayang Regency Spatial Planning for 2014 - 2034 Article 23 "Beach border area as referred to in paragraph (1) letter a is found in Sungai Raya and Sungai Raya Islands Districts (including the beaches of small islands), provided that the land along the banks (outside the forested coastal areas of mangroves) is proportional to the shape and physical condition of the coast at least 100 meters to land calculated from the highest tide ".The model of juridical settlement of conflicts over compensation for land acquisition that is located and enters the coastal border with good intentions from PT. GCL INDO TENAGA in resolving this legal problem through non-reason legal efforts in the form of settlement through negotiation and / or musyarawah but did not meet the meeting point and did not meet agreement, Bengkayang Regent, Bengkayang Police Chief, Chairperson of Bengkayang District Court, Representative of PT. GCL INDO TENAGA which basically agreed that in principle the Regional Government of Bengkayang Regency as the rightful owner of state land in the coastal border area supported the Request for Consignment on the buildings on the beach boundaries belonging to the Plaintiff, and agreed that these problems could be resolved through the Consignment Line or Custody in the District Court. Bengkayang Regent issued Letter Number 180/1405 / HK-C dated August 27, 2018 concerning Application for Consignment of Religious Money to Bengkayang District Court and PT. GCL INDO TENAGA thus submitted a consignment request at the Bengkayang District court towards the building owned by Ms. CHRISTIAN, Mr. TITIN, Bro. UDIN (Hj. ILMA).Keywords: Compensation, Exemption, Land, Beach Side ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas tentang Konflik Ganti Rugi Terhadap Pembebasan Tanah Yang Terletak Dan Masuk Pada Sempadan Pantai (Studi Di Kabupaten Bengkayang)" . Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan hukum normatif dan sosiologis. Kesimpulan dari tesis ini adalah Pengakuan dan kedudukan terhadap tanah-tanah yang terletak dan masuk pada sempadan pantai menurut hukum dan pertanahan. Penguasaan tanah mempunyai jangkauan pengertian yang lebih luas dari pada hak, yakni meliputi penguasaan yang didasarkan pada suatu hak maupun penguasaan yang didasarkan pada suatu kuasa yang pada kenyataannya yang memberikan wewenang untuk melakukan perbuatan hukum sebagaimana layaknya seorang yang mempunyai hak. Penguasaan tanah tersebut ada yang dilandasi oleh suatu hak dan ada yang dilakukan berdasarkan bukti penguasaan fisik saja.Penguasaan fisik yang dilandasi oleh suatu hak disebut sebagai penguasaan yuridis, kawasan sempadan pantai dikutip dari Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Bengkayang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 Tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Bengkayang Tahun 2014 – 2034 Pasal 23 "Kawasan sempadan pantai sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf a terdapat di Kecamatan Sungai Raya dan Sungai Raya Kepulauan (termasuk pantai pulau-pulau kecil), dengan ketentuan daratan sepanjang tepian (diluar kawasan pantai berhutan bakau) yang lebar proporsional dengan bentuk dan kondisi fisik pantai minimal 100 meter kearah darat dihitung dari titik pasang tertinggi".Model penyelesaian secara yuridis terhadap konflik ganti rugi terhadap pembebasan tanah yang terletak dan masuk pada sempadan pantai dengan niat baik dari PT. GCL INDO TENAGA dalam menyelesaikan persoalan hukum ini melalui upaya hukum non penal berupa penyelesaian melalui cara negosiasi dan atau musyarawah namun tidak menemuni titik temu dan tidak menemui kesepakatan, Bupati Bengkayang, Kapolres Bengkayang, Ketua Pengadilan Negeri Bengkayang, Perwakilan PT. GCL INDO TENAGA yang pada intinya sepakat bahwa pada prinsipnya Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bengkayang sebagai pemilik sah atas tanah negara di area sempadan pantai mendukung adanya Permohonan Konsinyasi atas Bangunan-bangunan di sempadan pantai milik PENGGUGAT, dan sepakat bahwa permasalahan tersebut dapat diselesaikan melalui Jalur Konsinyasi atau Penitipan Ganti Kerugian di Pengadilan Negeri. Bupati Bengkayang menerbitkan Surat Nomor 180/1405/HK-C tanggal 27 Agustus 2018 perihal Permohonan Konsinyasi Uang Kerohiman ke Pengadilan Negeri Bengkayang dan PT. GCL INDO TENAGA dengan demikian mengajukan permohonan konsinyasi di pengadilan Negeri Bengkayang terhadap bangunan milik Sdri. KRISTIN, Sdr TITIN, Sdr. UDIN (Hj. ILMA).Kata Kunci: Ganti Rugi, Pembebasan, Tanah, Sempadan Pantai
Анотація. У статті розглядаються важливі питання терміновживання в офіційно-діловому та науковому стилях мовлення. На сучасному етапі мовна освіченість державного службовця набуває великого значення в контексті нових завдань, що стоять перед українським суспільством у новому тисячолітті. Володіння термінологією державної мови за обраним фахом, науковим та офіційно-діловим стилями української мови, новими комп'ютерно-лінгвістичними технологіями, що є основою мовної підготовки держслужбовця – головна умова становлення інтелектуального потенціалу України. ; Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются важные вопросы терминоупотребления в официально-деловом и научном стилях речи. На современном этапе языковая образованность государственного служащего имеет огромное значение в контексте новых задач, которые возникают перед украинским обществом в новом тысячелетии. Владение терминологией государственного языка избранной специальности, официально-деловым и научным стилями украинского языка, новыми компьтерно-лингвистическими технологиями, которые являются основой языковой подготовки госслужащего – главное условие интеллектуального потенциала Украины. ; Abstract. The article deals with important issues terminological vocabulary in official business and scientific style of speech. At present public official language education is of great importance in the context of new challenges facing Ukrainian society in the new millennium. The spiritual world of man is inextricably linked with the development of language skills. Intelligent speech establishes ethical conduct, continuous self-improvement and self-expression. The concept of actual speech function (set on contact, mutual understanding, mutual respect) aims at strengthening manners civility, spiritual healing people. Sometimes frivolous attitude to language learning and linguistic development of their people, to the development process as thinking penetration into the essence of things is largely due to superficial understanding of the nature of language and the construction of one of its functions - communication. It is really important function of language in the era of information and computerization of many spheres of public life. But linguists, psychologists, teachers, cultural studies, philosophers XIX - XX centuries. treat the mother tongue deeper - as treasury entire historical heritage of the people, their way of thinking and feeling. Herder said that "set in motion by small fluctuations in air depends everything that ever men on earth thought it would, and yet did commit." Hayderrer argued that language - is the only way for the individual and for the people to be themselves; it creates a human being; people do not speak the language, and language "speaks" to people and people. Reform of higher education, its focus on liberalization and humanization of education makes it possible to realize the social order on the formation of linguistic consciousness of students - future professionals from various industries. In principle, this problem is one of the factors in the formation of the individual citizen Ukraine. Practical Ukrainian language presupposes skills in different types of language: listening, reading, translation, writing that will enable: a) making posts and chat with Ukrainian language teaching, social, political, scientific, cultural and domestic issues within the program themes; b) read the original literature by specialty and translate it; c) to write essays, research reports, abstracts, articles, abstracts, reviews, feedback, make interpretation and translation, etc; d) learn rules of ethics of business communication (objectively citizen with higher education in the future becomes the leader, the head of various production teams, public authorities), the rules of writing official papers. Mastering the Ukrainian language and terminology not only increases the linguistic education of students and helps humanize certain areas of public life, but also increases the level of future Ukrainian intellectuals. The main areas of language training civil servants at all levels are: a) teaching of terminology and linguistic knowledge, develop scientific style of speech principles; b) mastering the basics of applied and professional linguistics, linguistic creation of databases, electronic dictionaries and computer-aided translation; c) the capture of ethics and business communication skills, laying of official papers. We must also emphasize an integrated approach to language training future civil servants. The complexity of teaching language skills involves several concurrent sections: 1) Ethics (culture) speech, language intelligence, business communication etiquette; 2) Style: scientific and official business; 3) Genre: essay, report, scientific and technical translation, annotation, application, protocol, memos, letters, etc; 4) types of work: lectures, workshops, seminars, business games and more. Characteristics terminology state language of the chosen specialty, scientific and official-business style of language, new computer-linguistic technologies that are the basis of language training civil servants - the main condition for the formation of the intellectual potential of Ukraine. The main tasks of the state is to strengthen the status of Ukrainian as the state language and the full development and expansion of the use of the Ukrainian language in all spheres of public life. It requires us, high school teachers, scientists, together with employees standardization, to develop such regulations that would not only answered the legislation of Ukraine, the current level of science and technology, but would be both understandable and to those who wrote and those who uses them. This can be achieved only if there is no contradictions, inconsistencies and ambiguities in the content of regulations for the use of common terminology in textbooks and reference books, uniform rules of construction, teaching and oformlyannya regulations.
The subject of the study is the Bologna Process, its assumptions and course. The article contains an analysis of the Act on university education and science in order to indicate solutions for the harmonization in Poland under the Bologna movement. This movement is characterized as an example of European integration (harmonization) in the sphere of higher education, which was initiated by the Bologna Declaration of 19 June 1999. The main idea behind this declaration was the joint creation of the European Higher Education Area. The process initiated then goes beyond the scope of activities undertaken only by European Union governments. The analysis covers the following parts: The scope of the Bologna Process, Further European actors and the Sorbonne Declaration, The Bologna Process today, Implementation barriers was well as criticism. An integral part of the work is the Bologna Process and the Constitution for Science (Law on university education and science). ; skinder@ukw.edu.pl ; Marcin Skinder – zajmuje się naukowo i dydaktycznie zagadnieniami politycznymi i prawnymi kwestii społecznych oraz szkolnictwa wyższego. Szczególne miejsce w jego zainteresowaniach badawczych zajmuje Proces Boloński jako czynnik rozwoju europejskiego szkolnictwa wyższego. Był uczestnikiem stażu naukowego w University College Dublin (UCD, National University of Ireland). W 2019 roku uzyskał stopień doktora habilitowanego w zakresie nauk społecznych w dyscyplinie nauki o polityce na Wydziale Politologii Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. Opublikował kilka książek. ; Marcin Skinder – scientifically and academically deals with political and legal social issues and higher education. A special place in his research interests is occupied by the Bologna Process as a factor in the development of European higher education. He participated in a research internship at University College Dublin (UCD, National University of Ireland). In 2019, he received a post-doctoral degree (habilitation) in the field of social sciences in the discipline of political science at the Faculty of Political Science of the Pedagogical University of Krakow. Author of several books. ; Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Polska ; Antonowicz D., Jaworska M., Tajemnicze rady uczelni, "Forum Akademickie" 2019, nr 10. ; Antonowicz D., Uniwersytet przyszłości. Wyzwania i modele polityki, Warszawa 2005. ; Chmielecka E., Proces boloński – to już 20 lat!, "Forum Akademickie" 2019, nr 9. ; Czaplińska J., Zmiany do zmiany, "Forum Akademickie" 2019, nr 10. ; Czechowska-Derkacz B., Zainspirować media, "Forum Akademickie" 2019, nr 10. ; Czopek S., Korekta ewaluacji dyscyplin naukowych, "Forum Akademickie" 2019, nr 11. ; Dakowska D., Between Competition Imperative and Europeanisation. The Case of Higher Education Reform in Poland, "Higher Education, Springer Verlag" 2015, nr 69 (1). ; Dąbrowa-Szefler M., Jabłecka-Prysłopska J., Szkolnictwo wyższe w Polsce. Raport dla OECD, Warszawa 2005. ; Drogosz-Zabłocka E., Minkiewicz B. (red.), Ekonomiczne studia licencjackie z perspektywy absolwenta i władz uczelni, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Centrum Badań Polityki Naukowej i Szkolnictwa Wyższego, Warszawa 2003. ; Frąckowiak A., Europejski Obszar Szkolnictwa Wyższego. Konkurencja dla uczelni amerykańskich?, t. 1, Płock 2007. ; Górecki M., Nauka równoległa, "Forum Akademickie" 2019, nr 10. ; Jarzembska K., Konkursy na stanowiska nauczycieli akademickich, "Forum Akademickie" 2019, nr 7–8. ; Karoński M., Polska nauka czy nauka w Polsce?, "Nauka" 2015, nr 3. ; Kieraciński P., Ścieżki kariery – oficerowie i chorążowie, "Forum Akademickie" 2019, nr 7–8. ; Kiryjow-Radzka A., Od nieufności do zaufania, "Forum Akademickie" 2019, nr 10. ; Kraśniewski A., Proces Boloński: dokąd zmierza europejskie szkolnictwo wyższe?, Warszawa 2004. ; Krzych B. K., Na marginesie dyskusji o kształceniu doktorantów, "Forum Akademickie" 2019, nr 10. ; Kwieciński Z., Dryfować i łudzić. Polska "strategia" edukacyjna, "Nauka" 2006, nr 1. ; Lutrzykowski A., Między Bolonią a Bergen (1988–2005), Bydgoszcz 2006. ; Lutrzykowski A., Proces Boloński. Ku Europejskiemu Obszarowi Szkolnictwa Wyższego, "Athenaeum" 2006, vol. 16. ; Macukow B., Deklaracja Bolońska. Geneza – cele – realizacja, Warszawa 2007. ; Malec J., Czy uczelnie niepubliczne przestaną kształcić doktorantów?, "Forum Akademickie" 2019, nr 7–8. ; Osajda K., O kształt prawniczych studiów doktoranckich w Polsce, "Nauka" 2015, nr 1. ; Pinheiro R., Antonowicz D., Opening the gates or coping with the flow? Governing access to higher education in Northern and Central Europe, "Higher Education 2015, nr 70. ; Płotka-Wasylka J., W. Chajęcka-Wierzchowska, Sposób na mobilność, "Forum Akademickie" 2019, nr 10. ; Szapiro T., Czy RDN przełamie złą passę?, "Forum Akademickie" 2019, nr 11. ; Tadeusiewicz R., Karta Bolońska i Proces Boloński, "Kraków. Miesięcznik Społeczno-Kulturalny" 2005, czerwiec–lipiec, nr 6–7 (8–9). ; Thieme J.K., Szkolnictwo wyższe. Wyzwania XXI wieku. Polska, Europa, USA, Warszawa 2009. ; Wiśniewska S., Zatrudnialność: pojęcie, wymiary, determinanty, "Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów: problemy, innowacje, projekty" 2015, nr 1 (35). ; Worosz A., Trzecia misja, "Forum Akademickie" 2019, nr 10. ; Wypych-Gawrońska A., Reforma to konsolidacja, "Forum Akademickie" 2019, nr 7–8. ; Żylicz M., Przewodniczący punktuje środowisko, "Forum Akademickie" 2019, nr 7–8. ; 25 ; 4 ; 159 ; 171
Many large (medium) polluted areas involve agricultural activities. Because it is accepted only to grow high‐value crops for human consumption on clean soils, the clean soil yields a higher income after remediation than before. This higher income should not be ignored when calculating the net present value of the labor income originating from the use of the soil. This is why a sufficiently long period of time has to be taken into consideration. The social acceptance of phytoremediation then suffers from a dilemma. A choice has to be made between: (i) a faster remediation using hyper accumulator crops, with no (or only a very small) income during this period because the harvested biomass is very low, but on the other hand realizing an earlier re‐establishing of the clean soil with corresponding higher revenue opportunities; and (ii) a slower remediation using crops with higher biomass which can be valorised e.g. as a base for renewable energy, but reaching the clean soil situation with much more delay. An economic optimum will involve a mixture of (i) and (ii). The case study considered applies to a large area in the eastern part of Belgium in which diffuse heavy metal pollution is a heritage from the historical zinc smelters in the region. As a reference to evaluate the income effects of phytoremediation we use the net present value (NPV) of the actual labour income of the average farm (36 ha) earned by cultivating roughage (grassland and fodder maize for dairy cattle rearing). We assume that roughage, previously own produced, but now partially substituted with other crops, will be bought externally. To find the economic optimal land use we develop a 'blueprint' model involving the most important strategic variables which take numerical values according to probability ranges. We investigate the influence of the initial distribution of the land coverage between (i) the accumulating crop, willow (salix spp.) in 'short rotation forestry' (SRF) versus (ii) the renewable energy 'cash' crops: rapeseed (brassica nappus) and energy maize, and (iii) roughage, to continue ‐ but in a deceasing degree ‐ the traditional dairy cattle rearing. A parameter in the model takes into account the decrease in income (base value 30%) every 5 years from the current activity because the government is urging to cut back the production of milk in this polluted area. Other parameters represent the metal uptaking capacities of the different crops, the price for biodiesel (actual and projected) produced with rapeseed oil, the price of energy maize and the future income on the reclaimed land (with the conservative assumption to be 50% higher). An initial cultivation scheme (on the 36 ha) then looks as follows: 10 ha of SRF willow (with harvest every 4th year), 6 ha of rape (in 4 year rotation); 10 ha of energy maize; and 10 ha of roughage. The reclamation activity aims at removing on average (we distinguish the area according to 3 pollution intensities) 2,5 kg Cd/ha. The NPV over this period of the gross labour income resulting from the mentioned phytoremediation cultivation scheme is 11% higher than the NPV of continuing the actual land occupation (the reference). If we take into account a possible decrease in income from the current activity of 30% every five years, because of the increasing awareness of the influence of the contamination on the safety of the milk from the traditional dairy cattle rearing, the same phytoremediation scheme results in a 65% higher NPV than the adjusted reference. Increasing the surface of SRF willow to 15 ha shortens the calculated remediation period from 40 to 32 years; the NPV is now 76% higher than the reference. Comparing the NPV results from changing (from 0% to 30%), the size of the expected decrease in income from the current activity (ΔI) in combination with 3 different intensities of SRC (the 'phytoremediation crop') at the start, leads to the following conclusions. The larger ΔI – reflecting the government's awareness about the health risks emanating from the pollution: The larger the relative financial advantage of phytoremediation compared to the continuation (be it in a digressive way) of the current dairy cattle rearing. The more important it is to start with land coverage characterized by a large share for the strongest accumulating crop (SRC) so that the area reaches the 'clean' status sooner, giving opportunity to cultivate higher value added crops which actually is not possible just because of the contamination. Using realistic values for strategic variables, Monte Carlo simulations calculate the probability of the labour income results. The variation in the NPV of the labour income is mostly accounted for (% based on the 10 ha SRC scenario): (i) the decrease in income (ΔI) from continuing rearing dairy cattle fed with the own grown fodder maize on the polluted soil (46%); (ii) the uptaking capacity of the SRC willow (17%); (iii) the labour income from energy maize (11%) and maize (10%); (iv) the future increase in income from the land after reclamation (9%)
The use of mediation in criminal cases involving domestic violence is the subject of controversy. The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs even suggests that mediation should be prohibited in such cases. Domestic violence is defined as a pattern of behavior designed to control an intimate partner, and consequently, the trust, good faith and transparency necessary for mediation are likely to be missing. On the other hand, supporters of restorative justice point to the beneficial effects of properly conducted mediation on the relationship between the parties, psychological strengthening of the victim and rehabilitation of the perpetrator. In this article, we present the advantages and disadvantages of mediation in cases of domestic violence. We come to the conclusion that, in general, mediation in such matters should be allowed, although it bears certain risks and requires mindfulness. The risk is dramatically higher when domestic violence affects a child. The relative admissibility of mediation in cases of domestic violence should not automatically include situations in which a child is a victim. In cases where a child becomes victim to domestic violence, mediation should in fact be forbidden. Even if the regulations do not expressly provide for such a prohibition, we attempt to show in this article that mediation with a battered child is unacceptable. ; Alejo, K. (2014). Long-Term Physical and Mental Health Effects of Domestic Violence, Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science, 2. Bieńkowska, E. (2009). Mediacja w sprawach karnych i nieletnich: Kiedy organ procesowy może (a nawet powinien) odwołać się do postępowania mediacyjnego. In L. Mazowiecka (Ed.), Mediacja, Warsaw. Birch, A., & Malim T., (1997). Psychologia rozwojowa w zarysie. Od niemowlęctwa do dorosłości, Warsaw Błachut, J., Gaberle, A. & Krajewski, K. (2001). Kryminologia, Gdańsk. Bossowski, J. (1924). Ewolucja postępowania w procesie karnym, Poznań. 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E., & Dodge Abrams, N. (2011). Should We Mediate Cases Involving Domestic Violence?, Oakland County Bar Association. Retrieved from https://www.riverdalemediation.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Lowe-and- Abrams-should-we-mediated-cases-involving-domestic-violence.pdf. Marzec-Holka, K. (1999). Przemoc seksualna wobec dziecka, Bydgoszcz. Murphy, J. C., & Rubinson, R. (2005). Domestic Violence and Mediation: Responding to the Challenges, Family Law Quarterly, 39(1), (Spring). Norwood, W. D., Jouriles, E. N., McDonald, R., & Swank, P. R. (2004). Domestic Violence and Deviant Behavior, NCJ 199713. Pearson, J. (1997) Mediating when domestic violence is a factor: Policies and practices in court-based divorce mediation programs, Mediation Quarterly, Vol. 14, Issue 4 (Summer). Pilszyk, A. (2007). Obraz psychopatologiczny sprawcy przemocy w rodzinie, Psychiatria Polska, XLI(6). Płatek, M. (2007-2008). Karnoprawne modele przeciwdziałania przemocy w rodzinie. Archiwum Kryminologii, XXIX-XXX. 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[spa] El objetivo del presente estudio es la contextualización histórica del Carmen de prouidentia Dei, composición poética cristiana escrita en época de las primeras grandes oleadas de pueblos germánicos sobre territorio galorromano y comúnmente atribuida al cálamo del historiador y teólogo Próspero de Aquitania. Hemos reexaminado el valor de esta obra como testimonio del impacto de las invasiones bárbaras sobre lo que hemos dado en llamar la "conciencia colectiva" de la época y, en esta misma línea, analizado la contribución de su autor a la reflexión coetánea sobre la vigencia de los principios de la teología política diseñada por Eusebio de Cesarea un siglo antes, fundamento ideológico del Imperio Romano Cristiano. Nuestro estudio pone de relieve que el autor de este carmen, posible lector de primera hora del De ciuitate Dei agustiniano, sintió la necesidad de separar los destinos de la Iglesia y del declinante Imperio Romano de Occidente. A partir de un genuino universalismo cristiano de raíz estoica, el poeta defiende el alcance universal del designio salvífico divino, el cual se extiende por igual a romanos y bárbaros. De este modo, trata de preparar a la comunidad eclesiástica para continuar su camino una vez desaparecida la estructura política del Imperio, bajo cuyo amparo había experimentado un crecimiento sin precedentes. Por otra parte, analizamos la aportación del poema al conocimiento de las controversias teológicas que convulsionaron las iglesias galas durante este período, debates centrados en los grandes temas de la libertad humana y de la cristología. Creemos haber demostrado que el Carmen de prouidentia Dei debe considerarse vehículo de expresión de las críticas que algunos sectores monásticos y eclesiásticos de Provenza vertieron contra la teología predestinacionista forjada por Agustín de Hipona. En cuanto a su cristología, subyace en el poema la voluntad de desmarcarse en este punto de las polémicas teorías formuladas por el monje marsellés Leporio. Dedicamos también un capítulo de nuestra obra a analizar la diatriba antiastrológica del carmen: en efecto, las prácticas astrológicas vivieron en la Galia de la época un momento de particular apogeo, hecho que atestigua la incertidumbre y la angustia existencial en que la crisis derivada de las invasiones germánicas sumió a muchos cristianos galorromanos.Finalmente sometemos a análisis crítico las principales hipótesis formuladas hasta el momento respecto a la autoría del poema, el ámbito geográfico de su composición y su cronología. A partir de nuestro examen de la tradición manuscrita del poema y de los paralelismos textuales que lo relacionan con algunas obras de Próspero de Aquitania creemos haber ofrecido argumentos suficientes para descartar definitivamente su atribución a este autor. Cabe pensar más bien, y así lo hemos defendido, que su autor fue un monje del monasterio de San Víctor de Marsella y presbítero de la iglesia local, el cual, hacia finales de 426, sintió la necesidad de escribir una obra que diera respuesta a la crisis ideológica y religiosa que, en muchos de sus contemporáneos, estaba generando el hundimiento de un Imperio que habían creído eterno. ; [eng] This work aims to set in the proper historical context.the composition of the Carmen de Prouidentia Dei, a Christian-inspired poem published short after the first great Barbarian invasions of Galorroman territory (beginnings of the Fifth-Century) and usually attributed to the historian and theologian Prosper of Aquitaine (as does its last editor, M. Marcovich). As I show in the first part of my dissertation, the carmen witnesses the impact of the Germanic invasions over what I call the "collective consciousness" of the age. The poet, who was an "engaged Christian", felt that in those critical years for the Roman Empire it was necessary to re-examine the political theology of Eusebius of Caesarea and to make out a clear distinction between Catholic Church and Roman State.Parts II-IV of this work deal with the theological controversies in the Gallic Church of the Fifth-Century as reflected in the carmen. By means of this poem, its author set forth his opposition to Augustine's views on Grace and Predestination and to Leporius' Christological tenets. Many verses of the poem are also devoted to a diatribe against astrology, which flourished in the hard years of German invasions of Gaul.Finally, in part V I re-examine several hypothesis on the authorship of the Carmen the prouidentia Dei, its place of composition and its chronology. As I argue, several arguments support the hypothesis that it was written around 426 by a monk of Saint Victor of Marseilles who was also a priest of the local church.
