Suchergebnisse

Post-colonial European politics have undergone profound changes. Constructing an intellectual history of European development discourse, this book brings together post-structuralist and critical approaches to understanding development. Nathalie Karagiannis analyses three key terms of European development discourse: 'responsibility', 'efficiency' and 'giving'. Situating these terms in a concrete history of European post-colonial politics, the author shows how European policy has shifted from accepting responsibility for colonialism - constructed as it is on the paternalistic model of the gift - to a more amnesiac politics in which post-colonial countries are responsible for their own fate. In this way, Karagiannis illustrates that efficiency has become the overriding goal of development, and that the relationship between 'developed' and 'developing' countries is mainly defined by considerations pertaining to market capitalism

Remarks on the accession of 10 new Member States to the European Union in 2004 as well as negotiations with Bulgaria, Romania, & Turkey. Croatia & the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia submitted applications in 2004. References. Adapted from the source document.

Defence date: 11 November 2016 ; Examining Board: Professor Joseph H.H. Weiler, NYU (Supervisor); Professor Miguel Poiares Maduro, EUI; Professor Gráinne de Búrca, NYU; Professor Marta Cartabia, Constitutional Court of Italy ; To the great joy of some, and even greater chagrin of others, the margin of appreciation has become a cornerstone of international rights adjudication. Within less than 40 years, the doctrine has made it from Strasbourg into courtrooms across the world. This thesis studies the use of the margin of appreciation by the Court of Justice of the European Union. By the same token, it studies the Court and the EU as such, and the remarkable evolution both have undergone during the past decades. The research focuses on the Court's jurisprudence on free movement rights and Member State restrictions thereof. After conceptually defining the margin of appreciation, the thesis investigates the law and practice of the doctrine. The analysis is based on an empirical survey of free movement case-law, which covers around 250 judgments from 1974 until 2013. The data expose some fundamental changes in the review behaviour of the Luxembourg Court since the 1970s. Its jurisprudence is evermore marked by self-restraint and decentralisation, a development which manifests itself in two ways. For one thing, the Court increasingly grants national legislatures the freedom to make particular policy decisions. For another, it passes more and more review duties onto national courts. The thesis discusses the implications of these phenomena for review tools such as proportionality analysis. Likewise, it provides a normative assessment of the Court's practice. It is shown that the changes that have occurred in free movement law have to do with some broader changes in the European project. Over the past two decades, the EU has embraced a series of constitutional goals which take it far beyond its original mission statement. These goals suggest that it is, at times, desirable that the European judges renounce control over Member State acts and, thus, practise passive virtues.

The European MAPA (Multilingual Anonymisation for Public Administrations) project aims at developing an open-source solution for automatic de-identification of medical and legal documents. We introduce here the context, partners and aims of the project, and report on preliminary results. ; peer-reviewed

The creation of the European Union as we know it began with the conclusion of the Second World War. At that time there was a call for the creation of a united Europe with the intention of preventing future wars among the nations. As a result of the war, Europe was split into Eastern and Western factions. As the Western nations began to form the Council of Europe in 1950, there was a call for further cooperation. On May 9, 1950, Robert Schuman, the French foreign minister, called for a deeper cooperation among European nations (this would be known as the Schuman Plan). This day would later be honored as "Europe Day," which honors peace and unity within Europe. Six nations responded to this call. On April 18, 1951, Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands sign a treaty that forms the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), which ran the countries' coal and steel under a united management. The ECSC countries followed up by signing the Treaty of Rome on March 25, 1957, and this would create the European Economic Community (EEC). As a result, people, goods, and other services can now move freely across the borders. ; https://uknowledge.uky.edu/world_europe_journey/1000/thumbnail.jpg

This book explores the political and economic issues currently challenging EU member states. It analyses and explains how its own economic, and political, relationships have been critically influenced by fierce competition from its rivals in other major global economies, as well as by the systemic weaknesses in the economic and financial model it created. Chapters provide insight into both the underlying and more immediate economic and social challenges in the EU created by its post-2007 enlargement to 28 countries; the nature of the regulatory regime centralized in Brussels, and the host of issues and critiques this fosters; its 'open borders' policy and precious guiding principle, crystallized in the Schengen agreement; security weaknesses exacerbated by increasing volumes of migration; and the ongoing debt crises as the greatest existential challenge to the EU project. Featuring interviews with high profile key players from inside and outside Europe the book will examine new and underlying stresses - political and economic - to guide a greater understanding of the EU plan.