Suchergebnisse

In diesem Beitrag werden die Auswirkungen von Pestiziden auf Lebensmittel und pflanzliche Arzneimittel und die soziopolitischen Ursachen untersucht, die dazu führen, daß die Agrarchemieindustrie global nahezu unkontrolliert agieren kann. Es werden Beispiele für die Belastungssituation durch die Verwendung teilweise hochgiftiger toxischer Pestizide in der Agrarproduktion genannt. Deutlich wird, daß vor allem in den Entwicklungsländern große Mengen toxischer Pestizide eingesetzt werden und über Nahrungs- und Futtermittel wieder in die Industrieländer gelangen, wo der größte Teil von ihnen auch produziert wurde, obwohl ihre Verwendung in diesen Ländern selbst oft verboten ist. Abschließend werden bisherige nationale und internationale Aktivitäten und Problemlösungsstrategien untersucht, wobei der Autor feststellt, daß nur der völlige Verzicht auf den Einsatz von Pestiziden eine tatsächliche Lösung bedeutet. (GF)

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development announced on February 16, 1960, a loan of $42 million to Iran for an electric power generation, irrigation, and flood control project on the Dez River. The Bank's loan, which was for a term of 25 years and bore interest of 6frac14 percent with amortization beginning August 1, 1964, was to cover the foreign exchange costs of building the project with a total cost of $83 million.

Released on April 30, 1951 the financial statements of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development showed the net income for the nine months ending March 31, 1951 to be $11,483,230. This amount was placed in the General Reserve against losses on loans and guarantees, thus increasing this reserve to $38,481,500. Gross income for the period amounted to $20,567,359 after deducting loan commissions of $4,723,859 which were allocated to the special reserve.

The progressive development of international law: history, theory and practice / James Crawford -- Reflections on a decade of international law : dark ages or renouveau? / Vera Gowlland-Debbas -- On legal inquiry / Jorge E. Vinuales -- On the theory of the international constitution / Olivier de Frouville -- The legal personality of multinational corporations, state responsibility and due diligence : the way forward / Vincent Chetail -- Ouverture de la reflexion sur le droit international a la science des systemes / Philippe Weckel -- Quelques reflexions sur l'humanite comme sujet du droit international / Antonio Augusto Cancado Trindade -- Le mythe structurant de l'humanite : la communaute internationale vivante / Eric Wyler et Alain Papaux -- The European tradition of the sources of international law / Jean d'Aspremont -- La reference aux sources hebraiques dans la doctrine du droit de la nature et des gens au xviieme siecle / Charles Leben -- Le role du juge international et du juge national et la coutume internationale / Andrea Gattini -- La contribution des regles d'engagement au droit du recours a la force / Louis Balmond -- La longue marche vers l'abrogation du droit de mener la guerre en tant que moyen d'auto-protection : happy end ou remake en vue? / Giovanni Distefano -- Les maitres " dualistes " et la Cour Europeenne des Droits de l'Homme, quel lien de filiation? a propos du dualisme des " origines ", de ses derives et de ses applications / Raphaele Rivier -- Promenade avec Aristote dans les jardins du droit international / Yannick Radi -- La metamorphose de la fonction juridictionnelle internationale / Georges Abi-Saab -- La Commission du Droit International comme agent de formalisation du droit de la responsabilite? : modalites et significations de l'utilisation d'arbitrages partiellement detaches du droit positif / Olivier Corten & Pierre Klein -- Insolvency and state responsibility / Christian Tomuschat -- L'immunite d'execution des comptes bancaires des missions diplomatiques et consulaires / Jean Salmon -- Protection diplomatique reussie et reparation due : une glose / Luigi Condorelli -- Quel prejudice pour un etat qui exerce la protection diplomatique? / Giorgio Gaja -- Is there an individual right to reparation? : some thoughts on the icj judgment in the jurisdictional immunities case / Enzo Cannizzaro -- The trend towards the restitution of cultural properties : some Iitalian ases / Tullio Scovazzi -- Sur les relations entre immunites et jus cogens, a la lumiere de l'arret Allemagne-Italie du 3 fevrier 2012 / Joe Verhoeven -- Les assurances et garanties de non-repetition?: entre rupture et continuite / Magnus-Jesko Langer -- The representation of the 'main forms of civilization' and of 'the principal legal systems of the world' in the International Court of Justice / Bardo Fassbender -- La relation titres/effectivites dans la jurisprudence recente de la Cour Internationale de Justice (2004-2012) / Marcelo G. Kohen -- International arbitrators as a part of the peace process: lessons from the Abyei arbitration? / Luisa Vierucci -- Nomination et election des juges a la Cour Internationale de Justice / Antonio Remiro Brotons -- The intertwining of the will of the parties and compulsory jurisdiction under the Law of the Sea Convention / Tullio Treves -- La lex arbitrii dans l'arbitrage commercial international : mythe ou realite? / Jean-Michel Jacquet -- Methodologie extraordinaire pour trouver le sens ordinaire? : le sens ordinaire pour les tribunaux competents en matiere d'investissement / Shotaro Hamamoto -- Human rights in the International Court of Justice: are we witnessing a sea change? / Bruno Simma -- Le vide ou le trop plein : le droit international des droits de l'homme, vingt ans apres la Conference Mondiale de Vienne / Emmanuel Decaux -- Notes sur la "fragmentation" du droit international : droit des investissements internationaux et droits de l'homme / Alain Pellet -- Juridiction etatique et imputation des violations extraterritoriales des droits de l'homme: quelques observations / Pasquale De Sena -- Respect des religions et lutte contre le fanatisme / Mario Bettati -- Retos, amenazas y esperanzas en el sistema de control y garantia de los derechos humanos en Naciones Unidas / Jorge Cardona Llorens -- Le traitement des violations systematiques des droits de l'homme du passe recent : le long parcours de l'Argentine / Monica Pinto -- Le siege de Sarajevo : hier, aujourd'hui / Rafaelle Maison -- Droit " flou ", droit " doux " ou droit " mou " : reflexions breves sur la " texture " des mesures conservatoires et des constatations dans les procedures individuelles devant le comite des droits de l'homme / Ottavio Quirico -- Science and international litigation / Philippe Sands -- Le constitutionnalisme " vert ", much ado about nothing? / Burgorgue-Larsen -- Les juridictions internationales face au principe de precaution, entre grande prudence et petites audaces / Yann Kerbrat et Sandrine Maljean-Dubois -- La dimension environnementale des droits de l'homme entre individualisme et interet collectif / Francesco Francioni -- Le droit a l'eau et la satisfaction des besoins humains : notions de justice / Laurence Boisson de Chazournes -- Against all odds : the contribution of the Convention on Biological Ddiversity to international human rights law / Elisa Morgera -- Bibliography of pierre-marie dupuy.

As the so-called liberal international order has come under duress, the problem of "peaceful change" has reappeared on the agenda of International Relations, mainly in a realist guise drawing upon E.H. Carr and Robert Gilpin's renditions of the problem. Making a conceptual archaeological intervention, this paper recovers long-neglected multidisciplinary debates on "peaceful change" taking place in the tumultuous interwar period. It concurs that peaceful change is an International Relations problem par excellence, central to academic debates in the burgeoning interwar discipline, but also a more complex conceptual figure than posterity portrays it. The paper explores the debates between negative and positive conceptions of peaceful change, between political, legal-institutional and communitarian mechanisms of peaceful change, and different policies of peaceful change, particularly its troubled relationship to appeasement. The paper concludes that the interwar debate on peaceful change, while highly embedded in its context, does offer IR an alternative and more aspirational perspective on the problem of power and order transitions

This paper analyzes the reasons why countries may pursue different labeling policies in autarky and how this affects countries' welfare in the context of international trade. In an asymmetric information environment where producers know the quality of the goods they are selling and consumers are not able to distinguish between them, the quality governments choose to protect by a label depends on consumer preferences for and production costs of different qualities. Countries with different distributions of tastes and/or different production functions will thus decide to label differently. When they trade, welfare effects will be different on the country as a whole and on different types of consumers within each country depending on whether countries choose to mutually recognize each others labeling policy or to harmonize their policies. In particular it will be the case that a country with weak preferences for high quality will oppose the introduction of an international, harmonized label as it is better off under a regime of mutual recognition. When countries only differ in their costs of producing quality instead, none of the trading partners will lose from a move towards trade under an international, harmonized label.

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between precision attack and international humanitarian law. It begins by addressing the nature of precision attack, including precision technologies, the combat environment in which it occurs, attacker tactics, and the targeting process. Modern precision attack's greatest impact on international humanitarian law lies in four areas: indiscriminate attack; proportionality; precautions in attack; perfidy and protected status. The author concludes that precision warfare has both positive and negative implications for the interpretation and application of international humanitarian law on the twenty-first-century battlefield.