Suchergebnisse

The authors have examined municipal waste, its components and their integration with reverse logistics processes. Background: The theoretical part begins with a definition of municipal waste. Later, the integration between municipal waste and reverse logistics is provided, including presentation of the hierarchy of qualitative methods and models. Methods: The authors constructed a correlation matrix and applied a dynamic regression model to identify that the level of municipal waste impacts recycling of biowaste which demands reverse logistics. Results: The authors provided a dynamic regression model which could be applied for forecasting the size of recycled municipal waste into biowaste indicated in European Union countries. Conclusions: The variety of components in municipal waste prevents the increase of the recycling rates and has to be changed to ones that have higher recycling rates.

AbstractFirst, this study tests for media effects on support for EU enlargement in a natural setting, while including actual media content in the analysis. Second, the moderation by anti‐immigrant attitudes of media effects is tested, as it is argued that perceptions of 'others' influences how new information on enlargement is received. The study draws on a two‐wave panel survey and a media content analysis in 21 countries. The results suggest there is a media effect, although not from individual exposure but from the information environment. In addition, individuals with stronger anti‐immigrant attitudes are more strongly affected by a negative information environment.

"This book interrogates the role of law in Europe at a time when economic policies have become dominant not only on this continent but globally. Can law be seen as a mere infrastructure? Or does it contribute to defining the social and legal order through its own inherent rules? If the second hypothesis is true, what might these rules be, and how may they be identified? Lastly, to what extent can agreeing a definition of the role of law affect the future of Europe? With the Next Generation European Union, the EU has introduced an unprecedented investment plan for economic recovery and resilience. In doing so, it has become the most important financial intermediary on the continent. But is this simply the prelude to a European economic and financial revival, or does it also aim to strengthen the European legal order in social, political, and constitutional terms? This book argues that the role of law in Europe should aim to achieve a balanced relationship between freedom and solidarity; encouraging economic competition, but also social cohesion. Analysing the role of law in the project of European integration, it maintains that law should be more than an infrastructure for finance and economics, showing how it can act as a guide and a binding force to achieve a more balanced relationship between economics, politics, and law. This book will be of interest to scholars in the fields of public law, European law, law and economics, the philosophy of law, legal history, political theory, and political science, as well as others concerned with the future of European integration"--

The paper is focusing on the European Union countries tax structure changes during the last decade. Deep economic recession in the 2009-2010 and critical sovereign debt levels have forced the European Union countries rethink their tax systems effectiveness to restore growth. One of the aspects of taxation system improvements is related with modifications in of tax structure. There is argued, that the tax structure has an important impact on growth. Taxes supposed not only to facilitate smooth cross border trade activities, but also should generate proper public revenue and not to harm economic growth. Therefore, the Commission invites to increase quality of taxation through more growth-friendly tax structure. The main purpose is to shifting tax burden from "labor to consumption". The paper maps structural changes in taxation across the EU countries groups. Actually the most of structural changes takes place in the New Member States; at the same time the old EU countries tax structure has remained mostly unchanged. The new EU member states have decreased income taxation burden and increased taxes on consumption.

AbstractThis article reveals how many formal employees in the European Union receive from their formal employer not only a declared wage but also an undeclared "envelope wage". Reporting the results of a 2007 survey involving 26,659 face‐to‐face interviews, the authors find that one in 18 formal employees receives an envelope wage from their formal employer, amounting to 25 per cent of their gross pay on average. Such hybrid wage arrangements are ubiquitous, but are more common in some countries, employee categories and types of firm than others. The authors conclude by discussing the theoretical and policy implications of these findings.

Migration on the move : an introduction / Carolus Grutters, Sandra Mantu, and Paul Minderhoud -- Changing paradigms in migration law research / Thomas Spijkerboer -- Sexuality, race, and masculinity in Europe's refugee crisis / Betty de Hart -- Free movement of workers : some reflections / Paul Minderhoud -- Two decades EU migration law for third country nationals / Tineke Strik -- Current protection dilemmas in the European Union / Jens Vedsted-Hansen -- Governing migration in an age of globalization / James Hollifield and Rahfin Faruk -- Hotspots, cold fact : managing migration by selecting migrants / Marie-Laure Basilien-Gainche -- Turkey's role in EU migration law and policy : Turkeys voting for Christmas / Margarite Helena Zoeteweij and Ozan Turhan -- EU inclusion and exclusion : from workers to citizens to people / Elspeth Guild -- Alternative views on EU citizenship / Sandra Mantu -- Access to justice for asylum seekers : is the right to seek and enjoy asylum only black letter law? / Ashley Terlouw -- Navigating migration policies in Europe : insights from the field / Asuncion Fresnoza-Flot -- Brexit : free movement of Union citizens and the rights of third-country nationals under threat? / Kees Groenendijk