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From 1965 to 1970 hospital costs in the US increased sharplyfrom $14.1 billion to $25.6 billion-at an annual rate of 16%. Official projections forecast a further 4-fold rise over the next 10 yrs. Comparing these staggering increases with hospital costs in England, Sweden, & Western Germany, a steeply rising trend is noted in general. An explanation has to be sought not only in the particular circumstances in the US, but in generic forces such as a rapidly growing demand for hospital careesp from the larger numbers of elderly in all developed countries-& substantial increases in staff remuneration, the main component of hosp costs. This similarity of trends cannot hide, however, the fact that daily hospital charges in the US are by far the highest in the countries investigated. 'Don't get sick in America!' seems a justified warning. A reform will have to balance the conflicting interests of hospital admin's, staffs, patients, insured, & tax-payers-a dilemma whose acceptable solution has so far eluded most Western nations. Modified HA.

It is imperative to clarify the terminology related to the concept of public policy, properly demarcate the principle and define specific guidelines for its application and its different branches, according to the preponderant regulations in the world, emblematic awards and prevalent legal precepts. There is a current theory that distinguishes between local public policy and international public policy. The first is wider than the latter. While domestic public policy is based on local and distitntive fundamental notions of morality and justice derived from the legal and political culture of a nation, the international public policy is accepted by the international community. The public policy can be substantive law or procedural law. The methodology used is documentary. ; È imperativo chiarire la terminologia relativa al concetto di ordine pubblico, delimitare opportunamente il principio e stabilire specifiche linee guida per la sua applicazione e le sue differenti derivazioni, attenendosi alle normative preponderanti nel mondo, decisioni e lodi emblematici e alle impostazioni dottrinarie prevalenti. Si riscontra una corrente teorica che distingue fra ordine pubblico locale e ordine pubblico internazionale. Il primo è più ampio del secondo. Mentre l'ordine pubblico locale si basa sulle fondamentali e distitntive nozioni di moralità e giustizia derivate dalla cultura giuridica e politica di una nazione, l'ordine pubblico internazionale è quello accettato dalla comunità internazionale. L'ordine pubblico può avere carattere sostanziale o processuale. La metodologia usata è di natura documentale.

The article shows the reasons and reasons for the adoption of three acts that formed the basis of the nascent International Humanitarian Law: The Convention on Improving the Fate of Wounded and Sick Soldiers during the Land war, which determined the so-called Geneva direction of the development of the law of war; instructions to the field troops of the United States and the Declaration on the Prohibition of the Use of Explosive Bullets, who laid the foundation of the "Hague law". The content of these acts is disclosed and their significance for the further development of the law of international conflicts is determined.

AbstractSince the Asian financial crisis, Korea's accumulation of international reserves has substantially exceeded benchmark levels. The present paper examines the interaction between international reserve hoarding and mercantilist motives, in the context of Korea's policy of maintaining export competitiveness through exchange rate management. An estimation of cointegration and error correction has found that in both the long term and the short term, Korea has stockpiled reserves as a result of heightened concerns regarding export competitiveness. The short‐run dynamics entail precautionary motives that have contributed to reserve accumulation. A variance decomposition test suggests that the mercantilist motive has been the main driver of reserve accumulation.