Suchergebnisse

, following the CODOR meeting of 12 June 1997, set up a steering group by the Urban Planning Department. The group consisted of the following members of CODOR: P. MASSINI of FNSEM, J.P. PORTEFAIT of SFU, M. BELLIOT de la FNAU, P. MFA XAMBEU; and representatives of DGUHC, DR, CETE Nord Picardie and COP. The aim of the group was to advance the methods and conduct of studies on the basis of the parallel examination of urban policies in two medium-sized cities, Compiègne and St Orner. For each agglomeration, a retrospective analysis of the most prominent studies and approaches carried out in 15-20 years has been carried out, followed by an identification of the reference system to which these studies follow. Finally, by comparison, the conditions and factors for the success of the approaches and studies carried out in these two agglomerations were highlighted. In addition to the results of this work, two avenues for continuing this work are proposed: — use the method of analysis to take advantage of it in the context of the reflection provided for in the CERTU 1999 work programme on territorial diagnosis; — use the content of the monographs on indicators and the reference system in the context of the ACTOR programme (Analysis Concerted on Transformations and Urbains Equilibres). In both cases, a technical approach based on indicators or scenarios is not perceived, which looks at policy coherence or the degree of integration as defined by CERTU. There is no instrumentation in the observation of urban mechanisms and in the orientation or reorientation of the territorial project. The coherence or quality of integration of studies and planning approaches is based on permanent objectives and appropriate partnership strategies, not on technical rationality. ; A la suite du CODOR du 12 juin 1997 un groupe de pilotage a été mis en place par le département Urbanisme. Ce groupe se composait des membres du CODOR suivants : P. MASSINI de la FNSEM, J .P. PORTEFAIT de la SFU, M . BELLIOT de la FNAU, P . XAMBEU de l'AMF ; ainsi ...

, following the CODOR meeting of 12 June 1997, set up a steering group by the Urban Planning Department. The group consisted of the following members of CODOR: P. MASSINI of FNSEM, J.P.PORTEFAIT of SFU, M. BELLIOT de la FNAU, P. MFA XAMBEU; as well as representatives of DGUHC, DR, CETE Nord Picardie and COP.The group's objective was to advance the methods and conduct of studies on the basis of the parallel examination of urban policies carried out in two medium-sized cities, Compiègne and St Orner.For each agglomeration, a retrospective analysis of the most significant studies and approaches carried out in the past 15-20 years, followed by an identification of the reference system to which these studies follow. Lastly, a comparison has been made of the conditions and factors for the success of the approaches and studies carried out in these two agglomerations.In addition to the results of this work, two avenues are proposed for continuing it: — use the method of analysis to take advantage of it in the context of the discussion provided for in the CERTU 1999 work programme on territorial diagnosis; — make use of the content of the monographs on indicators and the reference system in the context of the ACTEUR programme (Analysis of Transformations and Urbains Equilibres). In both cases, a technical approach based on indicators or scenarios is not perceived, which looks at policy coherence or the degree of integration as defined by CERTU. There is no instrumentation in the observation of urban mechanisms and in the orientation or reorientation of the territorial project. The coherence or quality of integration of studies and planning approaches is based on permanent objectives and appropriate partnership strategies, not on technical rationality. ; A la suite du CODOR du 12 juin 1997 un groupe de pilotage a été mis en place par le département Urbanisme. Ce groupe se composait des membres du CODOR suivants : P. MASSINI de la FNSEM, J .P.PORTEFAIT de la SFU, M . BELLIOT de la FNAU, P . XAMBEU de l'AMF ; ainsi que des ...

Auf der Grundlage von Befunden aus kommunikativ-qualitativ ausgerichteten Studien wird die Berechtigung der sozialwissenschaftlichen Kritik an posttayloristischen Managementkonzepten (Widerspruch einer verordneten Selbstbestimmung, ökonomische Verwertung der Subjektivität) diskutiert. Erlebnisweisen von Beschäftigten in tayloristischen und posttayloristischen Strukturen werden dargestellt. Zunächst werden die Missachtung der leibgebundenen Existenz, der geistigen Kompetenzen und der personalen Qualitäten unter traditionellen Managementkonzepten sowie die daraus resultierenden Bewältigungsformen seitens der Beschäftigten beschrieben. Anschließend werden neue Erlebnisperspektiven im Rahmen der posttayloristischen Konzeption der Gruppenarbeit (Verantwortung, Anerkennung geistiger Kompetenz, Gruppendynamik, Kooperation) aufgezeigt. Es wird betont, dass die Kritik an neuen Managementkonzepten berechtigt ist, wenn sie Widersprüche zum Ausdruck bringt (etwa Einforderung von Verantwortlichkeit bei Mangel an Handlungsspielraum), dass sie aber falsch ist, wenn sie sich gegen die Einbeziehung personaler Qualitäten im Arbeitsprozess wendet.

One of the areas in which collective memory is present — a field barely frightened, if not ignored, by history — is that of the names attributed to military units and commands; these names are generally linked to the resistance of the First and Second World Wars. The attribution (and, after 1948, the deletion) of honorary names was a process which originally aimed to maintain the memory of the events and of the most significant figures of resistance; this process has undergone transformations with the ruling party's politics, which has made it a ritual element of its education based on revolutionary traditions and struggles. During World War I, the organisation of the Czech Armed Forces was inspired by the experience of the Allies. Paradoxically, however, the revolutionary army borrowed certain elements of its military ritual from the Austro-Hungarian army, one of which was to attribute honorary names to the military units. It is this tradition that the authors are interested in in this article. ; International audience ; One of the areas in which collective memory is present — a field barely frightened, if not ignored, by history — is that of the names attributed to military units and commands; these names are generally linked to the resistance of the First and Second World Wars. The attribution (and, after 1948, the deletion) of honorary names was a process which originally aimed to maintain the memory of the events and of the most significant figures of resistance; this process has undergone transformations with the ruling party's politics, which has made it a ritual element of its education based on revolutionary traditions and struggles. During World War I, the organisation of the Czech Armed Forces was inspired by the experience of the Allies. Paradoxically, however, the revolutionary army borrowed certain elements of its military ritual from the Austro-Hungarian army, one of which was to attribute honorary names to the military units. It is this tradition that the authors are interested in in this ...

This study, carried out on the basis of data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network of 1995, aims to analyse the economic consequences of the application of a livestock support mechanism based on areas rather than, as is currently the case, on livestock. The analysis, envisaged for the national budget of constant direct aid, distinguishes five hypotheses according to the intensity of the redeployment to be carried out and the type of area eligible for the proposed scheme. These assumptions lead to significant reallocations of aid between French agricultural holdings in the various regions and production guidelines. ; Cette étude, réalisée à partir des données du Réseau d'information comptable agricole de 1995, vise à analyser les conséquences économiques de l'application d'un mécanisme de soutien à l'élevage basé sur les superficies, et non plus, comme cela est actuellement le cas, sur le cheptel. L'analyse, envisagée à budget national d'aides directes constant, distingue cinq hypothèses en fonction de l'intensité du redéploiement à opérer et du type de superficies éligibles au dispositif proposé. Ces hypothèses conduisent à de fortes redistributions d'aides entre les exploitations agricoles françaises des différentes régions et orientations de production.

General Henri Mathias Berthelot, former Head of the Allied Military Mission in Romania between 1916 and 1918 and, since October 1918, Commander of the Danube Army responsible for the formation of a new Eastern Front mainly Russian-Romanian, has a considerable share in the diplomatic and military coverage of the Romanian Armed Forces' conquest for Transylvania between November 1918 and April 1919. In order to use Romania in the context of the battle against bolchevic in the east, Berthelot considered that it was first necessary to remove it from its western concerns in Transylvania and bring it into the possessions promised to it by the 1916 Treaty. Personal motivations were at stake: having been tasked with remedying the situation in 1916-1917 on the Romanian front, he was making compliance with the 1916 Treaty a personal matter, also wishing to strengthen his prestige with the King, of whom he was the special adviser on military matters. ; International audience General Henri Mathias Berthelot, former head of the allied military mission in Romania between 1916 and 1918 and, since October 1918, commander of the Danube Army responsible for the formation of a new eastern front, mainly Russian-Romanian, took a considerable part in the diplomatic and military backing of the conquest of Transylvania by the Romanian army between November 1918 and April 1919. As a matter of fact, in order to use Romania in the context of the anti-Bolshevik struggle, Berthelot thought it was necessary first to relieve it of its Western concerns in Transylvania and satisfy the territorial revendications promised by the 1916 treaty. Personal motivations were at play: having been asked to redress the situation in 1916-1917 on the Rumanian front, he considered the compliance with the treaty of 1916 as a personal matter. He also wished to enhance his prestige before the king, whose special adviser in military matters he became. ; General Henri Mathias Berthelot, former Head of the Allied Military Mission in Romania between 1916 and 1918 and, ...

Am I Czech, Hungarian, German or Jewish? What is my mother tongue? To which nation or people do I belong? Are these questions even relevant for somebody who has grown up among different cultures and whose life history means they have different possibilities of where to locate themselves? How does the course of one's life history and the biographical constellation lead to a national or ethnic sense of belonging or affiliation becoming a central theme? The life histories of Israeli Jews originating from a multicultural area of Central and Eastern Europe who were labelled as Jewish during the period of Nazi persecution - regardless of their own self-definition - and who are now a part of a multicultural majority, are ideal for reconstructing the conditions required for developing a multicultural identity as well as a multicultural habitus (disposition). These biographers were socialised within the conflict between auto- and hetero-stereotyping, were mainly raised bilingually, and at different points in their lives were members of a minority culture (in Europe) and a majority culture (in Israel).

This article can be downloaded from the magazine website: http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_4/sci_hum/010008299.pdf (link visited on 04/04/2007) Forms of mobility in Vietnamese cities are undergoing major changes following the new economic policy and international openness. The travel system, which was largely based on bicycles in the 1970s and 1980s, remains fundamentally individualistic with an increasing shift towards motorcycles: they are the majority of people travelling to Ho Chi Minh City, just behind the bicycle in Hanoi. The motorcycle park grew at a very rapid pace in the 1990s, to the point that there is a motorcycle in almost every household: this equipment goes far beyond what official revenues suggest. For their part, the authorities wish to strongly promote collective transport and reduce the influence of non-motorised transport. The mobility provided by this two-wheeled system is high, much more than that of developing cities whose transport relies on collective means. The population seems to see the motorisation of transport as rather inevitable, while regretting some negative effects and saying that the bicycle will have a role to play. Faced with the contradiction between the megatrends and the objectives of the authorities, Vietnamese cities can move towards various types of transport models in the name of modernity and economic development: the extreme references which are then mentioned are that of order in Singapore and of congestion in Bangkok. It is not excluded that an original model may appear, which would ensure complementarity between collective transport and two-wheel transport. ; International audience ; This article can be downloaded from the magazine website: http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_4/sci_hum/010008299.pdf (link visited on 04/04/2007) Forms of mobility in Vietnamese cities are undergoing major changes following the new economic policy and international openness. The travel system, which was ...

The Franco-centre European relations between the two wars are indicative of France's inability to set up, without the Anglo-Saxons, a backward security system based on new states, divided and convened by the major neighbouring powers. However, this attempt left deep psychological and cultural traces, which France might be tempted to replay at the end of the Russian domination phase in 1989. ; International audience The Franco-central European relations between the two World Wars are indicative of France's incapacity to establish alone, without the Anglo-Saxons, a security system based on reverse alliances with the new States, divided and coveted by great neighboring powers. The fact remains that this attempt has left deep cultural and psychological tracks, which France might be tempted to play again after the end of Russian domination in 1989. ; The Franco-centre European relations between the two wars are indicative of France's inability to set up, without the Anglo-Saxons, a backward security system based on new states, divided and convened by the major neighbouring powers. However, this attempt left deep psychological and cultural traces, which France might be tempted to replay at the end of the Russian domination phase in 1989. ; Les relations franco-centre-européennes entre les deux guerres sont révélatrices de l'incapacité de la France seule à mettre sur pied, sans les Anglo-Saxons, un système de sécurité de revers fondé sur des Etats nouveaux, divisés et convoités par les grandes puissances limitrophes. Il n'en reste pas moins que cette tentative a laissé des traces psychologiques et culturelles profondes, que la France pourrait être tentée de faire rejouer au terme de la phase de domination russe, en 1989.

Summer of numéro:http://archive-edutice.ccsd.cnrs.fr/edutice-00000861 The teaching and cognitive psychology work creates a new consensus on the nature of the learner and his/her activities. According to J.-M. Albertini (1990), the learner built from his observations and experience a 'personal vision of the world', a representation device from which he gradually approached knowledge, and learned his own knowledge. This makes the pedagogical problems to be addressed more complex. As the learner does not simply need to access new knowledge, he must also integrate it into his spontaneous naïve system, which the expert probably considers to be "wrong". In this sense, our representation of the world is only an incomplete and partial view of reality. At the same time, the learner does not simply build his knowledge but also determines his own learning process. And it is only when knowledge is meaningful for it that it is appropriate and can change its system of representatives. It is in this context that we look for children's representations on new information and communication technologies. ; Sommaire du numéro : http://archive-edutice.ccsd.cnrs.fr/edutice-00000861 Les travaux en pédagogie et en psychologie cognitive dessinent un consensus nouveau sur la nature de l'apprenant et de ses activités. Selon J.-M. Albertini (1990), l'apprenant se construit à partir de ses observations et de son expérience une "vision individuelle du monde", un dispositif de représentations à partir duquel il approprie progressivement des connaissances, il fait l'apprentissage de son propre savoir. Cela rend plus complexes les problèmes pédagogiques à résoudre. Car l'apprenant ne doit pas simplement accéder à de nouvelles connaissances, il doit également les intégrer dans son système spontané naïf, jugé probablement "erroné" par l'expert. En ce sens, la représentation que nous avons du monde ne constitue qu'une vision incomplète et partielle de la réalité. En même temps, l'apprenant ne construit pas simplement son savoir mais détermine ...

architects' career under occupation, architects' daily history from 1939 to 1945, their work and production under occupation. The training of the Chamber of Architects under the Vichy regime is particularly studied. The question is successively: the role of the various construction operators, construction companies, surveyors, engineers and architects between the two wars; draft regulations for the profession of architect; the birth of the Chamber of Architects; the conditions governing access to and exercise of the profession, followed by the appearance and dominance of a Parisian elite ; Code CNRS 507 982 ; architects' career under occupation, architects' daily history from 1939 to 1945, their work and production under occupation. The training of the Chamber of Architects under the Vichy regime is particularly studied. The question is successively: the role of the various construction operators, construction companies, surveyors, engineers and architects between the two wars; draft regulations for the profession of architect; the birth of the Chamber of Architects; the conditions governing access to and exercise of the profession, followed by the appearance and dominance of a Parisian elite ; Le parcours des architectes sous l'occupation, l'histoire au quotidien des architectes de 1939 à 1945, leur travail et leur production sous l'occupation. Il est particulièrement étudié la formation de l'ordre des architectes sous le régime de Vichy. Il est successivement question : du rôle des différents acteurs de la construction, entreprises de BTP, géomètres, ingénieurs et architectes entre les deux guerres ; des projets de règlementation de la profession d'architecte ; de la naissance de l'ordre des architectes ; des conditions d'accès et d'exercice de la profession puis de l'apparition et de la domination d'une élite parisienne

The academic debate about the motivations for franchising and its impact on economic welfare is quite passionate. Roughly speaking, on one sidemarkets are asserted to be competitive, so that new business practices can merge only if they improve economic efficiency; businessmen "know theirbusiness" better than economists or regulators do, and the best possible regulatory policy is no regulation at all. On the other side, it is advisedto rule out any kind of arrangement which may restrict one party's freedom of trade - which is the case of practically any provision in a franchisecontract. The controversy reflects the opposition between different schools of economic thought, but it also hinges on divergences in the appreciation ofthe context and of the horizon of the analysis.