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This paper aims to analyze the issues concerning the implementation of binding precedent in Malaysian cases, and propose a re-evaluation of the binding precedent doctrine. The qualitative approach was employed to indicate the issues related to the doctrine of binding precedent by analyzing relevant cases. These cases were selected to propose the re-evaluation of the binding precedent doctrine as practiced by the Malaysian dual-judicial system. The main issue to be discussed regarding the doctrine of binding precedent is interference by the Civil Court on Islamic matters and Syariah Court decisions, which lead to inconsistency in judgments, even after the amendment of Article 121(1A) of the Federal Constitution. This study proposes that the application of binding precedent should be re-evaluated to ensure that the principles of justice are upheld. Court judges should decide cases based on merit, and only use previous judgments as guidance for present and future cases.

Published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Nordic Orthopedic Federation. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) ; Background and purpose — It is unclear whether metal particles and ions produced by mechanical wear and corrosion of hip prostheses with metal-on-metal (MoM) bearings have systemic adverse effects on health. We compared the risk of heart failure in patients with conventional MoM total hip arthroplasty (THA) and in those with metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) THA. Patients and methods — We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Australian Government Department of Veterans' Affairs health claims database on patients who received conventional THA for osteoarthritis between 2004 and 2012. The MoM THAs were classified into groups: Articular Surface Replacement (ASR) XL Acetabular System, other large-head (LH) (> 32 mm) MoM, and small-head (SH) (≤ 32 mm) MoM. The primary outcome was hospitalization for heart failure after THA. Results — 4,019 patients with no history of heart failure were included (56% women). Men with an ASR XL THA had a higher rate of hospitalization for heart failure than men with MoP THA (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.6–6.5). No statistically significant difference in the rate of heart failure was found with the other LH MoM or SH MoM compared to MoP in men. There was no statistically significant difference in heart failure rate between exposure groups in women. Interpretation — An association between ASR XL and hospitalization for heart failure was found in men. While causality between ASR XL and heart failure could not be established in this study, it highlights an urgent need for further studies to investigate the possibility of systemic effects associated with MoM THA.

Este trabajo pretende relacionar e incidir en dos aspectos determinantes de la producción cultural del libanés Shakib Arslan: la construcción del nacionalismo árabe a comienzos del siglo XX, y la recuperación del legado andalusí como "paraíso perdido". Más allá de la mera faceta de viajero con la que a veces se le define, su cometido intelectual ambicionaba una comprensión general del hecho árabe. Estudiamos su protagonismo en el panarabismo de la época, y el intercambio poético que tuvo con el político egipcio al-Bārūdī. Como estudio de caso, describimos el tratamiento que hace del Šarq al-Andalus como ejemplo, añadiendo un apéndice con traducción de secciones del tercer volumen de Al-Ḥulal alsundusiyya. ; This paper aims to focus and relate two main cultural aspects developed by the Lebanese Shakib Arslan: the construction of a global Arab nationalism at the beginning of the 20th century, and the recovery of the Andalusian legacy as "Lost Paradise." Beyond being a simple traveler —as usually is described— his intellectual project aimed a general understanding of the Arab self. We study his role within coetaneous pan-Arabism, and his poetic exchange with the Egyptian politician al-Bārūdī. As case study, we describe his treatment of the Sharq al-Andalus as sample, adding an appendix with translations from the third volume of Al-Ḥulal alsundusiyya.

OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness and safety of low-strength and high-strength direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with warfarin in the Australian Veteran population. DESIGN:Sequential cohort study using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching. Initiators of high-strength (apixaban 5 mg, dabigatran 150 mg, rivaroxaban 20 mg) and low-strength DOACS (apixaban 2.5 mg, dabigatran 110 mg, rivaroxaban 15 mg) were compared with warfarin initiators. SETTING:Australian Government Department of Veterans' Affairs claims database. PARTICIPANTS:4836 patients who initiated oral anticoagulants (45.8%, 26.0% and 28.2% on low-strength, high-strength DOACs and warfarin, respectively) between August 2013 and March 2015. Mean age was 85, 75 and 83 years for low-strength, high-strength DOACs and warfarin initiators, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:One-year risk of hospitalisation for ischaemic stroke, any bleeding event or haemorrhagic stroke. Secondary outcomes were 1-year risk of hospitalisation for myocardial infarction and death. RESULTS:Using the IPTW method, no difference in risk of ischaemic stroke or bleeding was found with low-strength DOACs compared with warfarin. As a class, no increased risk of myocardial infarction was found for low-strength DOACs, however, risk was elevated for apixaban (HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.23 to 4.13). For high-strength DOACs, no difference was found for ischaemic stroke compared with warfarin, however, there was a significant reduction in risk of bleeding events (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.89) and death (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.58). Propensity score matching showed no difference in risk of ischaemic stroke or bleeding. CONCLUSION:We found that in the practice setting both DOAC formulations were similar to warfarin with regard to effectiveness and had no increased risk of bleeding. ; Nicole L Pratt, Emmae Ramsay, Lisa M Kalisch Ellett, Katherine Duszynski, Sepehr Shakib, Mhairi Kerr, Gillian Caughey, Elizabeth Ellen Roughead

INTRODUCTION: A large number of older people receive pacemakers each year but broad population‐based studies that describe complications following pacemaker implantation in this population are lacking. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Australian Government Department of Veterans' Affairs database. The cohort consisted of patients who received a pacemaker from 2005 to 2014. The outcomes were subsequent rehospitalizations for infections, procedure‐related complications, thromboembolism, cardiovascular events (heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atrial fibrillation), and reoperation of pacemaker, and mortality. RESULTS: There were 10 883 pacemakers recipients, the median age was 86 years (interquartile range 83‐89), 61% were males, and 74% received a dual‐chamber pacemaker. Within 90 days postdischarge, rehospitalizations were occasioned by pacemaker infection in 0.5%, device‐related complications in 1.5%, cerebral infarction in 0.7%, and heart failure in 6% of single‐chamber pacemaker recipients. In dual‐chamber pacemaker recipients rehospitalizations were occasioned by pacemaker infection in 0.4%, septicemia in 0.4%, device‐related complications in 1.2%, cerebral infarction in 0.3%, and heart failure in 3%. Rehospitalizations for pacemaker adjustment occurred in 1.5% of patients. The 90‐day postdischarge mortality was 5% and 3% in patients with single‐ and dual‐chamber pacemaker, respectively. CONCLUSION: Rehospitalizations for infection, procedure‐related complications, or thromboembolism occurred in 1% to 2% of patients within 90 days postdischarge, while 10% of single chamber and 7% of dual‐chamber recipients experienced a rehospitalization for a cardiovascular event.

L'articolo traccia un quadro relativo al cambiamento di atteggiamento nei confronti dell'Occidente (della politica e della cultura che esso esprime) da parte di numerosi intellettuali e scrittori siro-libanesi nel periodo tra le due guerre mondiali. L'imposizione del Mandato francese su Siria e Libano induce molti intellettuali a rinnegare l'ammirazione provata in passato per la Francia, e a interrogarsi sulla natura del potere coloniale, che viene percepito come un pericolo per l'identità araba e\o musulmana. Nello specifico, si prendono in esame le scelte e l'operato dei due intellettuali Shakîb Arslân e Muhammad Kurd 'Alî.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness and safety of low-strength and high-strength direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with warfarin in the Australian Veteran population. DESIGN: Sequential cohort study using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching. Initiators of high-strength (apixaban 5 mg, dabigatran 150 mg, rivaroxaban 20 mg) and low-strength DOACS (apixaban 2.5 mg, dabigatran 110 mg, rivaroxaban 15 mg) were compared with warfarin initiators. SETTING: Australian Government Department of Veterans' Affairs claims database. PARTICIPANTS: 4836 patients who initiated oral anticoagulants (45.8%, 26.0% and 28.2% on low-strength, high-strength DOACs and warfarin, respectively) between August 2013 and March 2015. Mean age was 85, 75 and 83 years for low-strength, high-strength DOACs and warfarin initiators, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: One-year risk of hospitalisation for ischaemic stroke, any bleeding event or haemorrhagic stroke. Secondary outcomes were 1-year risk of hospitalisation for myocardial infarction and death. RESULTS: Using the IPTW method, no difference in risk of ischaemic stroke or bleeding was found with low-strength DOACs compared with warfarin. As a class, no increased risk of myocardial infarction was found for low-strength DOACs, however, risk was elevated for apixaban (HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.23 to 4.13). For high-strength DOACs, no difference was found for ischaemic stroke compared with warfarin, however, there was a significant reduction in risk of bleeding events (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.89) and death (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.58). Propensity score matching showed no difference in risk of ischaemic stroke or bleeding. CONCLUSION: We found that in the practice setting both DOAC formulations were similar to warfarin with regard to effectiveness and had no increased risk of bleeding.

Arab nationalism arose as an opposition movement in Ottoman Syria, Palestine, and Iraq around the turn of the century. It remained a minority movement until the Ottoman collapse in 1918, but after the Ottoman defeat it became the overwhelmingly dominant movement in these territories where, except for some Lebanese, all successful politicians were Arab nationalists during the interwar years. Just what Arab nationalism meant to its proponents at the time, however, has been difficult to determine. The period only dimly figures in studies of Arab nationalism. Full studies have been devoted to survivors from the past, Rashid Rida⊃ and Shakib Arsian, to Sati⊂ al-Husri (al-Husari), a relative newcomer whose greatest prominence was to be in the 1940s and 1950s, and to the Muslim Brothers, who arrived on the scene even later, whose influence was to lie in the future, and who, like Rida⊃, were not considered to be primarily Arab nationalists. Otherwise, hardly a scant handful of pre-World War II Arab nationalist writers, and these from the late 1930s, receive even casual mention.

Preface: postcolonial intellectuals: universal, specific, or transversal? / Engin Isin -- Intervention: thinking academic freedom in gendered postcoloniality / Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak -- Introduction: postcolonial intellectuals, European publics / Adriano José Habed and Sandra Ponzanesi -- Antonio Gramsci and Anti-colonial Internationalism / Neelam Srivastava -- Talking about a revolution. C.L.R. Jamesÿand Frantz Fanon / Jamila M. H. Mascat -- Edward Said's enduring legacy: disciplining criticism / Pal Ahluwalia -- Feminisms of colour in the company of Stuart Hall / Yasmin Gunaratnamÿ -- Before postcolonialism: Shakib Arslan's response to colonialism in the interwar years / Mehdi Sajid -- Hannah Arendt and postcolonial thought / Christopher J. Lee -- Jacques Derrida's Three Moments of Postcoloniality and the challenge of settler colonialism / Muriam Haleh Davis -- Rosi Braidotti and Paul Gilroy: questions of memory and cosmopolitan futures of Europe / Bolette B. Blagaard -- Salman Rushdie: the accidental intellectual in the mediascape / Ana Cristina Mendes -- "Not merely in symbol but in reality": Zadie Smith and the aesthetic of the intellectual / Jesse van Amelsvoort -- Anonymous urban disruptions: exploring "Banksy" as artistic activist and social critic / Tindra Thor -- #RhodesMustFall and the curation of European imperial legacies / Rosemarie Buikema -- Strange fruits: queer of color intellectual labor in the Netherlands in the 1980s and 1990s / Gianmaria Colpani and Wigbertson Julian Isenia -- Radical equality and the politics of the anonym: a counter-discourse toward postcolonial Europe / Sudeep Dasgupta -- Killjoy movements / Leila Whitley -- Hacking the European refugee crisis: data activism and human rights / Koen Leurs

Al-Manār in a changing Islamic world -- Al-Manār revisited : the "lighthouse of the Islamic revival / Kosugi Yasushi -- Al-Manār and popular religion in Syria, 1898-1920 / David D. Commins -- The Manarists and modernism : an attempt to fuse society and religion / Mahmoud Haddad -- The influence of al-Manār on Islamism in Turkey : the case of Mehmed Âkif / Kasuya Gen -- Echoes to al-Manār among the Muslims of the Russian empire : a preliminary research note on Riza al-Din b. Fakhr al-Din and the Šūrā (1908-1918) / Stéphane A. Dudoignon -- Rationalizing patriotism among Muslim Chinese : the impact of the Middle East on the Yuchua journal / Matsumoto Masumi -- The transmission of al-Manār's reformism to the Malay-Indonesian world : the case of al-Imām and al-Munir / Azyumardi Azra -- Intellectuals in challenge : situations, discourses, strategies -- The Arabo-Islamic constitutional thought at 1907 : 'Abd al-Karim Murad (d. 1926) and his draft constitution for Morocco / Stefan Reichmuth -- Constructing transnational Islam : the East-West network of Shakib Arslan / Raja Adal -- Muslim intellectuals in Bosnia-Herzegovina in the twentieth century : continuities and changes / Alexandre Popovic -- From social development to religious knowledge : transformation of the Isma'ilis in Northern Pakistan / Nejima Susumu -- Islam on the wings of nationalism : the case of Muslim intellectuals in Republican China / Françoise Aubin -- Muslim intellectuals and Japan : a pan-Islamist mediator, Abdurreshid Ibrahim / Komatsu Hisao -- Clash of cultures? : intellectuals, their publics, and Islam / Dale F. Eickelman.

Intro -- Why Muslims Lagged Behind and Others Progressed -- About the Author -- Dedication -- Copyright Information © -- Acknowledgement -- Preface -- Introduction -- Chapter One -- Prince Shakib Arslan Responds -- Uniformity of Weakness in Islamic Peoples -- Reasons for the Rise of Muslims of the Past -- Factors That Allowed Earlier Muslims to Progress Are No More -- A Comparison of the Conditions of Muslims and Europeans Today -- The Muslim Excuse and Its Rejection -- The Results of Egypt's Support for the Fighters of Tripoli and Cyrenaica -- Betrayal by Some Muslims of Their Faith and Nation and Their Lame Excuse -- King Ibn Saud on the Treachery and Betrayal of Muslims -- Striving to Spread the Faith: A Comparison between Muslims and Christians -- Chapter Two -- Main Reasons for the Backwardness of Muslims -- Ignorance and Deficient Knowledge -- Moral Corruption Especially Among Leaders and Religious Scholars -- Cowardice and Fear -- Despair and Hopelessness -- Befuddlement of the Ignorant and Cowardly and the Reply -- The Loss of Islam between Conservatives and Progressives -- Europeans Preserve Their Nationalism -- Progress of the Japanese an Example for Arabs and All Muslims -- Why Do We Not Call Japan and Europe Regressive Despite Their Religiosity? -- Misfortunes Inflicted by the Conservatives on Islam and Muslims -- Verses of Work Refuting the Interpretation of Fate as Predestination and Laziness -- Conservative Muslims Are Enticement for the Enemies of Islam and Evidence against It -- Chapter Three -- Islamic Civilisation -- A Reply to the Contemptuous Enviers of Islamic Civilisation -- Greece and Rome Before and After Christianity -- Backwardness of Europe in the Past and Its Rise in the Present -- Chapter Four -- Exhortation of the Quran to Knowledge -- A Word to Those Who Demand a National Rather Than a Religious Revival.

En este artículo se estudian las relaciones desarrolladas en los años treinta y cuarenta del pasado siglo, entre los movimientos nacionalistas árabes y los partidos fascistas; se procede a análisis de las razones de que el movimiento nacionalista árabe apoyase a los países del Eje durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial y se presentan los partidos árabes de tendencia fascista de la época, así como aquellos aspectos y objetivos comunes entre el nacionalismo árabe y los países fascistas, en especial la enemistad hacia Francia y el Reino Unido y el rechazo hacía el sionismo. Se recogen breves biografías de los principales líderes nacionalistas árabes que colaboraron con el Eje, el emir Shakib Arslan y el "Gran Mufti" Muhammed Amin al-Husseini y finalmente, se reflexiona sobre el modo en que las emisiones de radio en árabe, difusión cultural, etc.fueron usadas en las acciones de propaganda de los países fascistas en el Mundo Árabe.AbstractIn this essay we study the relations between the Arab Nationalist Movement and the European Fascist parties during the 30s and 40s of the twentieth century. The reasons for the support given by the Arab Nationalist Movement to the Axis during the World War II are analyzed. We describe The Arab parties of Fascist tendencies in that period, and also the common characteristics and objectives of Arab Nationalism and Fascist regimes, especially their opposition to France and the United Kingdom and their opposition to Zionism. We make short biographies of the main nationalist leaders who collaborated with the Axis. Finally we describe the propaganda, like radio broadcasting, used by the Fascist regimes towards the Arabic world.

Introduction: The transmission of respiratory infectious diseases such as COVID-19 can significantly decrease by mask-wearing. However, accurate information about the extent and proper use of the facial mask is scarce. This study's main objective was to observe and analyze mask-wearing behavior and the level of COVID-19 protection measures in indoor public areas (PAs) of Jefferson County, Kentucky. Methods: For conducting the observational survey study, targets were indoor PAs, and zip codes were defined as surveying clusters. The number of selected PAs in each zip code was proportional to the population and the total number of PAs in that zip code. The PA pool in a zip code was divided into four groups, followed by random selection without replacement from each group. Results: A total of 191 PAs were surveyed: 50 of them were grocery stores, 56 were convenience stores or pharmacies, 39 were wine and liquor stores, and 46 were other stores. At least one unmasked and one incorrectly masked staff were observed in 26% and 40% of the sampled PAs, respectively. Also, in 29% and 35% of the PAs, at least one unmasked and one incorrectly masked visitor were observed, respectively. The rates varied by PA size and county district. Eighty percent of unmasked staff and 75% of the unmasked visitors were male. The rate of unmasked males varied from 50% to 100% across districts. About 66% of unmasked staff among all Jefferson County districts were young adults. More than one-fourth of all the PAs provided hand sanitizer for visitors' use, and only 2% of the PAs provided masks to their visitors. Conclusion: Messaging about mask use and correct usage may need to particularly target the 19-44-year-old male population, as these individuals were the most prevalent among those unmasked and masked incorrectly. Additionally, businesses' protective measures may depend on their resources to operate in such a manner. Hand sanitizer is easier to offer visitors, while staffing to regularly sanitize carts or funds to provide a sufficient number of wipes, gloves, or masks may present further opportunities for government assistance.