Suchergebnisse

Ein wesentliches Ziel des Buches ist es, das Geflecht der grenzüberschreitenden ökonomischen Einflusskanäle aufzuzeigen und zu erklären, ""wie die Welt zusammenhängt"". Damit verbunden, sollen die Ausführungen den Leser in die Lage versetzen, die Kernfragen der internationalen Wirtschaftspolitik beurteilen zu können.

PEOPLE MOW LIVE IN A HISTORICAL PERIOD CHARACTERIZED BY A GLOBAL "WAVE OF DEMOCRATIZATION." THEY CAN DEBATE WHETHER IT CONSTITUTES A "THIRD" OR RATHER A "FOURTH" WAVE IN THE MODERN ERA, BUT THERE'S NO DENYING THAT THE NUMBER OF NATIONS ADOPTING DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS AND PROCEDURES IN RECENT YEARS HAS GROWN CONSIDERABLY. IT MAY BE THAT FOR THE FIRST TIME IN HISTORY A MAJORITY OF THE WORLD'S POPULATION LIVES UNDER A POLITICAL REGIME ONE CAN CAUTIOUSLY CALL "DEMOCRATIC." THE TRANSITION FROM AUTOCRACY OR ANARCHY TO DEMOCRACY, AND THE CONSOLIDATION OF DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS, DEPENDS LARGELY ON FACTORS INTERNAL TO EACH POLITY. "TRANSITOLOGIESTS" HAVE IDENTIFIED SOME OF THESE FACTORS, BUT THERE'S LITTLE CONSENSUS YET OVER THEIR RELATIVE IMPORTANCE AND INTERPLAY. BUT THESE FACTORS ARE ALSO LINKED TO INFLUENCES FROM THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT. SOME BELIEVE, FOR EXAMPLE, THAT THE CURRENT WAVE OF DEMOCRATIZATION REPRESENTS MERELY A "CONTAGION" PASSING FROM ONE COUNTRY TO ANOTHER.

Intro -- Vorwort -- Globalgeschichte der internationalen Beziehungen I: Vom Wiener Kongress bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs -- Die Welt zwischen 1815 und 1919 -- Die Ordnung des Wiener Kongresses -- Die wichtigsten globalen Trends und Entwicklungen vom Wiener Kongress bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg -- Territoriale nationalstaatliche Expansion -- Nationalstaatliche Entwicklung und die Verbreitung unabhängiger Verfassungsstaaten -- Industrielle Revolution -- Innerstaatlicher und geopolitischer Wandel 1860 - 1870 -- Der Wettlauf Europas um kolonialen Besitz 1870 - 1914 -- Die Kolonialisierung Afrikas -- Die Kolonialisierung Asiens -- Deutschland und Japan als aufsteigende Mächte -- Globaler Wandel und der Weg in den Ersten Weltkrieg -- Die Welt zwischen 1919 und 1945 -- Die Ordnung der Versailler Verträge (1919) -- Die wichtigsten globalen Trends und Entwicklungen (1919 - 1939) -- Weltwirtschaftliche Verflechtung und Weltwirtschaftskrise -- Die Welt zwischen kommunistischer Revolution und Autoritarismus -- Flottenrüstungswettlauf in Asien und Europa -- Globaler Wandel und der Weg in den Zweiten Weltkrieg -- Übungen -- Verwendete Literatur -- Globalgeschichte der internationalen Beziehungen II: Vom Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs bis nach dem Ost-West-Konflikt -- Die Ordnung der Alliierten Konferenzen -- Regionale Konflikte und die Formierung des Ost-West-Konflikts -- Die wichtigsten globalen Trends und Entwicklungen von den Alliierten Konferenzen bis Mitte der 1960er Jahre -- Blockbildung (1948 - 1963) -- Die regionale Teilordnung Europas: Westeuropäische Integration -- Dekolonisation -- Dekolonisationskriege in Afrika und Asien -- Regionale Ordnungskonflikte in der Nahsicht -- Der Nahost-Konflikt -- Der Angola-Konflikt -- Die Verbreitung autoritärer Staaten in der Dritten Welt -- Alternative Blockbildung und Spannungen innerhalb der Blöcke.

Cover -- Table of Contents -- African Studies -- Asia and Critical Studies -- Asia and Cultural Studies -- Asia and Europe -- Asia and South Asia -- Asia and Studies -- Asia-Pacific Research -- Asia-Pacific Viewpoints -- Australian Studies -- China -- China and Contemporary Issues -- Eastern African Studies -- Europe-Asia Studies -- International Studies -- Modern Studies -- Additional Research -- Index.

This article documents the rise of nonconsensual international lawmaking and analyzes its consequences for the treaty design, treaty participation, and treaty adherence decisions of nation states. Grounding treaties upon the formal consent of states has numerous advantages for a decentralized and largely anarchic international legal system that suffers from a pervasive "compliance deficit." But consent also has real costs, including the inability to ensure that all nations affected by transborder problems join treaties that seek to resolve those problems. This "participation deficit" helps explain why some international rules bind countries without their acceptance or approval. Such rules have wide applicability. But they can also increase sovereignty costs, exacerbating the compliance deficit. Nonconsensual international lawmaking thus appears to create an insoluble tradeoff between increasing participation and decreasing compliance. This article explains that such a tradeoff is not inevitable. Drawing on recent examples from multilateral efforts to prevent transnational terrorism, preserve the global environment, and protect human rights, the article demonstrates that the game-theoretic structure of certain cooperation problems, together with their institutional and political context, create self-enforcing equilibria in which compliance is a dominant strategy. In these situations, nonconsensual lawmaking reduces both the participation and the compliance deficits. In other issue areas, by contrast, problem structure and context do not affect the tradeoff between the two deficits, and the incentive to defect remains unaltered. Analyzing the differences among these issue areas helps to identify the conditions under which nonconsensual lawmaking increases the welfare of all states.

There is hardly any aspect of social, political, and economic life today that is not also governed internationally. Drawing on debates around hierarchy, hegemony, and authority in international politics, this volume takes the study of the international 'beyond anarchy' a step further by establishing the concept of rule as the defining feature of order in the international realm. The contributors argue that the manifold conceptual approaches to sub- and superordination in the international should be understood as rich conceptualizations of one concept: rule. Rule allows constellations of sub- and superordination in the international to be seen as multiplex, systemic, and normatively ambiguous phenomena that need to be studied in the context of their interplay and consequences. This volume draws on a variety of conceptualizations of rule, exploring, in particular, the practices of rule as well as the relational and dynamic characteristics of rule in international politics.

Paris as the capital of France and an international city; esprit, history, the arts, intellectual life, city form and planning, environment, financial services, economic role, innovation and research; 9 articles and 3 interviews.