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The paradox in the industrial district model is understanding how the divergent tendencies of local competition and co‐operation are mediated. Social networks are said to provide mechanisms that regulate inter‐firm relations and facilitate the flow of knowledge within the confines of the district. Empirical evidence of this, particularly from the South, is limited. This article draws on the case of the export‐oriented surgical instrument cluster of Sialkot in Pakistan. It shows how social networks, based on kinship, family and localness, influence production relations, and how the impact of these interlinked local social networks have changed over time. The economic and social reputation that comes from being local is central to vertical and horizontal inter‐firm relations within the cluster. Building social and economic ties with external agents is, however, also becoming important, especially to acquire the technical know‐how necessary to remain competitive in global markets.

Social psychologists focus on the microlevel features that define interaction, often attending to dyads and triads. We argue that there also is utility in studying how configurations of four actors, or tetrads, pattern our social world. The current project considers the prevalence of directed tetrads across twenty social networks representing five relationship types (friendship, legislative co-sponsorship, Twitter, advice seeking, and email). By comparing these observed networks to randomly generated conditional networks, we identify tetrads that occur more frequently than expected, or network motifs. In all twenty networks, we find evidence for six tetrad motifs that collectively highlight tendencies toward hierarchy, clustering, and bridging in social interaction. Variations across network genres also emerge, suggesting that unique tetrad structural signatures could define different types of interaction.

"Understanding social media requires us to engage with the individual and collective meanings that diverse stakeholders and participants give to platforms. It also requires us to analyse how social media companies try to make profits, how and which labour creates this profit, who creates social media ideologies, and the conditions under which such ideologies emerge. In short, understanding social media means coming to grips with the relationship between culture and the economy. In this thorough study, Christian Fuchs, one of the leading analysts of the Internet and social media, delves deeply into the subject by applying the approach of cultural materialism to social media, offering readers theoretical concepts, contemporary examples, and proposed opportunities for political intervention.Culture and Economy in the Age of Social Media is the ultimate resource for anyone who wants to understand culture and the economy in an era populated by social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and Google in the West and Weibo, Renren, and Baidu in the East. Updating the analysis of thinkers such as Raymond Williams, Karl Marx, Ferruccio Rossi-Landi, and Dallas W. Smythe for the 21st century, Fuchs presents a version of Marxist cultural theory and cultural materialism that allows us to critically understand social media's influence on culture and the economy"--

For young people the online world affords creative, entertainment and socialisation opportunities but also poses risks including cyberbullying, grooming and harmful content. Little is known about online experiences of care-experienced young people, a vulnerable group who may benefit from online experiences but may be at increased risk online. This cross-sectional study used data from 11- to 16-year-olds in Wales from the School Health Research Network (SHRN) Student Health and Wellbeing Survey 2017/18 ( n = 103,971). Cyberbullying, face-to-face bullying and other online experiences were analysed. The prevalence of these experiences and associated mean wellbeing scores were compared for young people in care ( n = 1,921) and not in care ( n = 83,551), controlling for socio-demographic variables gender, ethnicity and year group. Higher numbers of young people in care were involved in cyberbullying, bullying, sharing explicit images, problematic social media use and regular contact with online only friends. These online experiences were associated with lower mean wellbeing scores. Lower numbers of young people in care had access to smartphones and social networking sites from age 12, and lower numbers were regularly in online contact with close friends and a wider peer group. These online experiences were associated with higher mean wellbeing scores. Young people in care appear to be less involved with online experiences that positively impact wellbeing and more involved in online experiences that negatively impact wellbeing. Promoting positive online experiences and education around problematic social media use may be particularly valuable in helping young people living in care develop healthy, safe and positive online lives.

Der Beitrag behandelt grundlegende methodische Probleme bei Online-Befragungen, insbesondere das Coverage-Problem und Fragen der Stichprobenziehung. Lösungsmöglichkeiten werden im Einsatz von Access Panels auf der Basis von Zufallsstichproben gesehen.

Annotation, This book is intended for anyone interested in advanced network analysis. If you wish to master the skills of analyzing and presenting network graphs effectively, then this is the book for you. No coding experience is required to use this book, although some familiarity with the Gephi user interface will be helpful