Suchergebnisse

This paper discusses the nature of sustainability and the institutional arrangements that can help or hinder the pursuit of a future society that is both ecologically sustainable and humanly desirable. All collective efforts are mediated through institutions, and without institutional change we will not move purposefully toward sustainability. Although there has been much policy development under the banner of 'ecologically sustainable development' (ESD) in recent years in Australia, institutional change remains at the margins of public policy and administration. The paper considers how this situation can be rectified. The characteristics of ESD problems are discussed, such as spatial and temporal scale, complexity and uncertainty, and the need for community participation. The paper then uses an 'adaptive' approach to frame the requirements of institutions for sustainability, suggesting the core principles of persistence, purposefulness, information-richness, inclusiveness and flexibility. The strengths and limits of some current arrangements are assessed, and then particular attention is given to a selection of current institutional arrangements that fulfil at least some of the requirements for an adaptive approach. Finally, suggestions are given for institutional reforms to establish ESD as a policy field that enjoys parity with other, at present more influential and well-supported fields. Specific recommendations include: • A wide ranging legislative review to recommend changes to laws that hinder or do not promote ESD - analagous to the competition policy legislative review; • A National Commission or Council for ESD to promote discussion and cooperative action between the three levels of government, the private sector and community groups; • A Commissioner for ESD or Offices for ESD to ensure implementation of ESD policies in government agencies; • An Australian Institute for ESD to generate new ideas, inform cooperative policy development, develop standards, prepare manuals and run training courses – similar to the role played by the Australian Emergency Management Institute for emergency management; Without institutional change we will not move purposefully toward sustainability. • Long term support for Landcare and similar groups to encourage and support commitment to ESD practices from local communities; • Much increased support for long term ecological research and monitoring; • A Bureau of Ecological Economics together with changes in the mandate and functions of mainstream economic agencies to ensure that alternative economic analyses based on ecological perspectives are taken into account in policy making.

Der Autor setzt sich mit den formellen und informellen Regeln und Normen auseinander, die die Interaktionen zwischen den politischen Akteuren, seien es Individuen, Gruppen oder Organisationen, strukturieren. Der Neoinstitutionalismus ist dabei sowohl vom Rational Choice als auch vom Politischen Kulturansatz geprägt worden und bildet somit eine Brücke zwischen diesen beiden Ansätzen. Der Verfasser kommt zu dem Schluss, dass in der Gesamtbilanz institutionelle Ansätze und deren Einbeziehung von Institutionen in die Analyse von Akteursentscheidungen weniger als eigenständige Methodologie und mehr als Korrektiv für gegenwärtige Theorien in der vergleichenden Politikwissenschaft zu beurteilen sind. (ICG)

International audience ; The period before the crisis was characterised by a big push for labour market deregulation around the world. This text, while posing some critical question in regards to excessive regulation, examines the beneficial effects of labour market institutions, when they are well designed. Organized as a survey, the chapter first discusses in some detail the meaning, justification and implications of an overarching concept: "protected mobility". Then it separately reviews four main components of labour market institutions (Social Dialogue, Employment Protection Legislation, Unemployment Insurance and Employment Services) analyzes their objectives and means, and provides examples of interesting practices in developed as well as in developing countries. Last, it presents remarks on the interplay of these institutions in the perspective of the productive transformation of an economy.

International audience ; The period before the crisis was characterised by a big push for labour market deregulation around the world. This text, while posing some critical question in regards to excessive regulation, examines the beneficial effects of labour market institutions, when they are well designed. Organized as a survey, the chapter first discusses in some detail the meaning, justification and implications of an overarching concept: "protected mobility". Then it separately reviews four main components of labour market institutions (Social Dialogue, Employment Protection Legislation, Unemployment Insurance and Employment Services) analyzes their objectives and means, and provides examples of interesting practices in developed as well as in developing countries. Last, it presents remarks on the interplay of these institutions in the perspective of the productive transformation of an economy.

This paper discusses the nature of sustainability and the institutional arrangements that can help or hinder the pursuit of a future society that is both ecologically sustainable and humanly desirable. All collective efforts are mediated through institutions, and without institutional change we will not move purposefully toward sustainability. Although there has been much policy development under the banner of 'ecologically sustainable development' (ESD) in recent years in Australia, institutional change remains at the margins of public policy and administration. The paper considers how this situation can be rectified. The characteristics of ESD problems are discussed, such as spatial and temporal scale, complexity and uncertainty, and the need for community participation. The paper then uses an 'adaptive' approach to frame the requirements of institutions for sustainability, suggesting the core principles of persistence, purposefulness, information-richness, inclusiveness and flexibility. The strengths and limits of some current arrangements are assessed, and then particular attention is given to a selection of current institutional arrangements that fulfil at least some of the requirements for an adaptive approach. Finally, suggestions are given for institutional reforms to establish ESD as a policy field that enjoys parity with other, at present more influential and well-supported fields. Specific recommendations include: • A wide ranging legislative review to recommend changes to laws that hinder or do not promote ESD - analagous to the competition policy legislative review; • A National Commission or Council for ESD to promote discussion and cooperative action between the three levels of government, the private sector and community groups; • A Commissioner for ESD or Offices for ESD to ensure implementation of ESD policies in government agencies; • An Australian Institute for ESD to generate new ideas, inform cooperative policy development, develop standards, prepare manuals and run training courses – similar to the role played by the Australian Emergency Management Institute for emergency management; Without institutional change we will not move purposefully toward sustainability. • Long term support for Landcare and similar groups to encourage and support commitment to ESD practices from local communities; • Much increased support for long term ecological research and monitoring; • A Bureau of Ecological Economics together with changes in the mandate and functions of mainstream economic agencies to ensure that alternative economic analyses based on ecological perspectives are taken into account in policy making. ; Jointly sponsored by: The Australian Conservation Foundation; The Environment Institute of Australia; Land and Water Australia

Ein Jahrhundert nachdem in Sarajewo der Erste Weltkrieg ausgelöst wurde und ein Vierteljahrhundert nach Miloševićs Machtübernahme steht die Integration des Balkans in die Europäische Union hoch auf der politischen Agenda. In diesem Band anlässlich der 49. Hochschulwoche der Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft wird ausgelotet, wie diese Integration herbeigeführt werden kann, ohne in eine Defizitgeschichte im Vergleich zum westlichen Vorbild zu enden. Auch für Historiker, Kultur- und Politikwissenschaftler stellen Unterschiede, Gemeinsamkeiten und Verflechtungen innerhalb Südosteuropas und im europäischen Kontext ein vordringliches Thema dar. Mittels Vergleich und Fragen nach Verflechtung werden Institutionen, deren Transfer und Wandel analysiert. So entsteht ein viel reicheres Bild der Region: nicht (nur) passive oder mangelhafte Nachahmung westlicher Vorbilder, sondern auch kreative Adaption und aktive Gestaltung politischer und gesellschaftlicher Modernisierung.

"The article elaborates the conceptual difference between two core concepts of the French approach of economics of convention (EC), namely convention and institution. It is argued that modern institutionalisms and neoinstitutionalisms need to delimit the meaning of the notion institution as EC does. Then it is possible to work out the relations of institutions and other forms of cultural or structural resources. A proposal for such an elaboration is done by differing four perceived situations for institutional analysis. This elaboration could be used to enhance the explanatory capabilities of EC." (author's abstract)

"Gesellschaftliche Widerstände setzen internationale Institutionen immer stärker unter Zugzwang. Normative Ansprüche wie z.B. auf Autonomie, Partizipation, Transparenz oder Rechtsgleichheit werden oft enttäuscht und führen zu gesellschaftlichen Reaktionen, auf die internationale Institutionen reagieren müssen." (Autorenreferat)

"Institutions and Gender" published on by Oxford University Press.