Suchergebnisse

This article deals with the presence of physicians, surgeons and apothecaries in the early modern Portuguese empire and the dissemination of medical knowledge there. In Portugal itself, the health care sector had been the target of considerable royal interference since the final years of the fifteenth century, during the construction of the early modern state. Regulatory frameworks were established to harmonise health care practice throughout the country and to control the organisation and distribution of the available health care practitioners among local communities. As this was also the time when Portugal was investing heavily in its colonies, how were these policies reflected in the empire? Did health care feature in the Portuguese government's colonial strategies? How did the official policy to send medical personnel overseas work on the ground? Did it operate at a large enough scale to transform local practices?

Abstract The article aims to reveal the heterogeneities and fragmentations of the produced space in the Sao Paulo Macrometropolis, unveiling the characteristics of its holes - territories that, on one hand, do not make up the urban-industrial arrangements that give identity to this city-region, yet they do provide ecosystem services and enable other ways of life. The article arose from a conceptual survey about this city-region, focusing on the vision of heterogeneity, fragmentation and symbolic construction, and reflects on the identity and produced space in the Sao Paulo Macrometropolis (SPMM) to support the empirical analysis of the region. Through spatial analysis it presents the characteristics of territories of the Macrometropolis that are not brought to light analytically, nor are they the focus of public policies, despite their regional importance.

In recent years, respiratory infectious diseases had continued to attack China, the recent outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia had attracted worldwide attention. Through studying the literature, interpreting official documents, analyzing medical and social management data, we summarized and compared some powerful measures taken by the Chinese government, such as declaring emergency state, blocking down the epidemic center, prohibiting crowd gathering activities, forcing residents to wear masks, and mobilizing medical staff and products. We found that these unconventional measures, on the one hand, controlled the spread of the epidemic in China, and on the other hand, exposed some of China's shortcomings in biosafety, food safety, public health input, and emergency system construction. This paper also recommends that other countries should take strict isolation measures as early as possible when fighting COVID-19 epidemics, and also mobilize citizens to strengthen self-protection.

PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) is one of two large scale international comparative projects of student assessment that now exert considerable influence upon schoolscience education policy, the other being TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study). This paper focuses on PISA, now the most influential study. This article outlines the origins of PISA, identifies some of the challenges in its construction and the claims made for it. It argues that while the statistical and methodological aspects of PISA have received much research attention, other elements of PISA have been largely ignored. In particular, there are several outcomes of PISA testing that point towards a significant research agenda. In addition, the political, ideological and economic assumptions underpinning the PISA project have implications for school science curriculum policy that deserve closer scrutiny and debate.

. This research aims to find out the base sectors and economic structure transformation in Province Sulawesi Selatan, so that they can be used as input for government policies. This study uses LQ (location Quotien) and Shift-share analysis tools. This study uses secondary data, namely South Gross Domestic Regional Product Sulawesi Selatan 2010-2018. The results showed that there were nine base sectors, namely agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, water procurement, wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and mototrcycle, construction, information and communication, real estate, government administration, defense and mandatory social security, education services and health services and social activities. In addition, it was found that there was a shift in the economy from the primary sector to the tertiary sector with a relatively small value, so South Sulawesi was included in the area that experienced progressive development.

Abstract This work aimed to promote, observe and describe the restructuring process of the Morro do Osso Nature Park Management Council (PNMO). To that end the study used participatory diagnostic methodologies and the data were analysed using QSR International software. As a result, it was possible to verify information and leadership failures in the process of construction of the management council that generated demotivation of the members leading to their disaggregation. However, the potential for mobilization and restructuring was identified provided the collaborative process is structured by a leadership that mobilizes stakeholders to drive collaboration and extend the scope of the (PNMO) council. In conclusion, the Management Council must engage in a continuous activism and its members must be constantly prepared to act as articulators in the various spaces related to the Conservation Unit.

During the past years both the political instability and the uncontrolled economic development in the Middle East caused several threats to the cultural heritage, including widespread looting and destruction of hundreds of archaeological sites, looting of museums, flooding of ancient settlements due to the construction of dams, damages to monuments and sites during armed conflicts. Notwithstanding the ongoing difficult condition of fieldwork, a new phase of archaeological research has begun with projects of landscape archaeology, excavations and extensive surveys carried out especially in Iraqi Kurdistan, allowing a detailed reconstruction of the settlement dynamics and historical development in the trans-Tigridian region, from the prehistory to the Islamic period. A new archaeological renaissance contributing to the process of peace-building through the empowerment of strong ties between the local communities and the cultural heritage.

This article describes Professor Julian Kozlowski's activity at Kremenets Lyceum. Being an excellent specialist, he raised physical culture and sports to a new level, which made Kremenets Lyceum one of the best sports centers in Volyn. Here it is shown the importance of innovations, including the Dalton system, implemented at physical education classes in Kremenets Lyceum. Due to Julian Kozlowski"s persistence, there were introduced mass sports tests for Ski Distinction and for State Sports Honors. Thanks to his initiative, ski jumping, swimming pool on the river Ikva, stadium, tennis courts were built here. He also participated in the construction of gliding sport school on Sokolyna Mountain near Kremenets. Professor Kozlowski gave lectures and courses to popularize physical culture and sports. He initiated various competitions and sports events. Julian Kozlowski was a great patriot of Poland.

"Bringing together approaches from cultural and urban history, as well as German studies and political theory, Clare Copley's probing study reflects on post-unification responses to iconic Nazi architecture to reveal insights into power, legitimacy and memory politics in the Berlin Republic. Analysing public debates, physical interventions into the buildings and the structuring of the memory landscapes around them, the book demonstrates that the politics of memory impact not just upon the built environment of the post-dictatorship city, but upon the way decisions about it are made. In doing so, Nazi Buildings, Cold War Traces and Governmentality in Post-Unification Berlin makes the case for conceiving of a specifically 'post-authoritarian' governmentality and uses the responses to constructions like Goering's Aviation Ministry, Tempelhof Airport and the Olympic complex to explore its features"--

This article aims to explicate the construction of Muslims society in the perspective of Sayyid Qutb. In Qutb's perspective, the Islamic community has to be built on the same faith, not the other way round. However, as practised by liberal countries today, they found their social hierarchy on race, class, and nationality. It is what he termed as an ideal society that it simultaneously evaluated the life of jahiliyyah (the age of ignorance). Through the exploration of his two masterpieces (The Milestones) Ma'alim fī al-Ṭarīq and Fī Ẓilal al Qur'ān, this research will explicate the construct of Islamic society, which is wished in Qutb's perspective encompasses several elements including the systems of social, economy, politic, the relationship of individual and society, equality of humans and freedom, attitudes towards the West, and justice's concept.

Many recent studies have dealt with the nature of the Assyrian imperial frontiers, demonstrating how diversified they have been through time and space, with cases such as Khabur and Upper Tigris regions. On the other hand, the Assyrian periphery along the Iraqi middle Euphrates – ancient region of Suḫu – is archaeologically less known. The archaeological investigations before the construction of the Haditha Dam revealed many sites datable to the Iron Age, some of which seemed to have a marked military nature. The region was therefore seen as a seat for fortresses of the Assyrian Empire. The present paper, through a preliminary analysis of the material culture of the sites, the settlement pattern using GIS and satellite images, aims to suggest a more multi-faced nature of the settlement in the region.

Based on Medan City Government 2012, slum areas in Medan City are currently estimated to reach 22.5% of the total area of Medan City, which consists of 88,166 housing units or 13.62% of the total houses in Medan City. Moreover, this has an impact on public health. Responding to this problem, the need to design a residence by rebuilding a residential area would be better by not abandoning the customs and culture of the people in the area. The project location is in Medan, Kampung Kelurahan Kesawan. The design method that is carried out is the choice of design location and approach to problem-solving design or design stages. It expects that the results of the design can provide suitable space and occupancy for the community, such as the construction of high-rise villages and community areas.

The use of marketing in the political domain provides an extraordinary polemic not only from the aspect of scientific epistemology, but also from the aspect of the construction of social reality. The current era, contestation or competition among politicians or prospective leaders uses marketing studies in their winning strategies, on the one hand, to connect them with the public in order to know the problems and needs they want.On the other hand, politicians or candidate leaders aim to gain commitment and support from the public voice of what they have offered or promoted. This article tries to analyze how the political marketing polemic exists in electoral democracy and what political marketing science should prioritize between image or substance. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach related to marketing, politics and democracy.

Este trabajo tiene por objeto el análisis de la propaganda republicana y obrera en España tras el golpe de Estado del 18 de julio de 1936 y el estallido de la guerra civil. En este estudio se destaca sobre todo la importancia de la representación del «enemigo» en la construcción de una «cultura de guerra», señalándose los principales procedimientos semánticos y discursivos que empleó la prensa al respecto. ; The purpose of this paper is to analyze the republican and worker propaganda in Spain after the coup d'État of July 18, 1936 and the outbreak of the civil war. This study highlights above all the importance of the representation of the "enemy" in the construction of a "culture of war", pointing out the main semantic and discursive procedures used by the press in this regard.

The aim of this research is to analyze leading economic sector in south sulawesi province. The method used in this research is Location Quotient Analysis (LQ) and Shift Share Analysis. The research held on july 2020 by using GDRP data of South Sulawesi 2015-2019 period and indonesian GDP data 2015-2019. The result of this research show that in south sulawesi province there 9 economic caterogies which have basic sector namely agriculture, forestry, and fishery: water supply, waste management, waste and recycling; construction, wholesale and retail: car and motorcycle repairment; information and communication: Real Estate; Government administration, defence and sosial security compulsory: Educational Service: Health service and social activity. The result of Shift Share show that the slowest sector in South Sulawesi province is mining and quarrying sector. Whereas, the other 16 sectors are developing sectors.