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Objective. This study explores the entrepreneurial tendencies of Mexican immigrants in metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) on the U.S. side of the Mexican border vis‐à‐vis the U.S. interior.Methods. Using 2000 Census data available in the 5% Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, we empirically analyze the self‐employment rates and earnings of Mexican immigrants residing in U.S. cities near Mexico versus those in nonborder MSAs.Results. Our findings indicate that Mexican immigrants in MSAs along the U.S.‐Mexico border have significantly higher self‐employment rates (but lower earnings) than their counterparts in the rest of the United States and non‐Hispanic whites in border cities. Explanations for these findings include the existence of trade opportunities in U.S. border cities as well as intense labor market competition that crowds a greater share of immigrants into self‐employment.Conclusion. Immigration reform that curtails the immigration flow from Mexico might hinder small business formation and economic development on the U.S. side of the Mexican border.

Background  Cognitive skills thought to be necessary to undertake cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) include the ability to recognize emotions, link events and emotions, and recognize cognitive mediation. These skills have been assessed in people with intellectual disabilities, but not in those who also have psychosis.Materials and methods  Tasks assessing receptive language ability and cognitive skills including the ability to differentiate between behaviours, thoughts and feelings were administered to 50 participants who had intellectual disabilities and psychosis.Results  The majority of participants were able to link events and emotions and differentiate behaviours and feelings. Participants found any task involving cognitions significantly more difficult. Performance on recognizing emotions, linking events and emotions and on some of the cognitive mediation and differentiation tasks was associated with receptive language ability.Conclusions  People with intellectual disabilities and psychosis have some of the skills thought to be required to undertake cognitive behaviour therapy. Recognizing cognitions and cognitive mediation is particularly challenging. The differentiation task introduced in this study may usefully supplement existing assessments.

This article compares the state of the art of comparative politics in Britain with the US and continental Europe. Three main traditions are distinguished: a narrative single-country tradition, in which comparative politics is understood as the study of foreign countries, a methodology-oriented tradition, which is concerned with the development of the techniques of comparison, and an analytical comparative tradition, which understands comparative politics as a combination of substance and method. It is argued that comparative politics in Britain is dominated by single-country studies, while the methodology-oriented and the analytical comparative traditions are more strongly developed in the US and continental Europe respectively. A comparative analysis of research interests and teaching provision furthermore demonstrates that, in Britain, comparative politics is an underdeveloped sub-field in terms of both teaching and research. This currently results in the need to import comparativists trained outside the British system in order to sustain the discipline. The article concludes by stressing the potential for the development of comparative politics in Britain.

This essay is about calumny as a rhetorical device. It is a case study of the false and malicious misrepresentation of the character and judgment of the social critic Hannah Arendt, calculated to undermine the legitimacy of her thought, which favored reconciliation with Germans after the defeat of the Third Reich and secular pluralism in the Middle East. The calumny about Arendt—that she was more German than Jewish and more sympathetic to rehabilitated Nazis than to the Jewish people—arose in reaction to her pluralistic criticism of Israeli militarism and international policy, but it touches upon her familiarity with German culture and people and her reconciliation with her teacher and one-time lover, Martin Heidegger. This essay confronts the calumny against Arendt's integrity with the evidence of documents, letters, political writing, and other primary sources and accounts; it also calls attention to the destructive function of character assassination that chills free expression in human rights discourse.

Corporate Social Responsibility is a crucial element of today's company strategies. Today's heightened interest in the proper role of businesses in society has been promoted by increased sensitivity to environmental and ethical issues (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate social responsibility) . CSR is said to be good for society and good for business. Better understanding of the potential benefits of CSR for the competitiveness of individual companies and for national economies can help encourage the spread of CSR practice. Business and society are interdependent. The wellbeing of one depends on the wellbeing of the other, (http://www.societyandbusiness.gov.uk/html) Especially in big companies and corporations it's seen as a vital tool to promote and improve the public image. Companies are called "corporate citizens". This study concentrates in three companies in Finland: forest industry, banking and market. This paper is a part of a dissertation about company values. Data is gathered by interviewing personnel in the head office and at the local level in companies with multiple hierarchial levels.

The literature on terrorism appears to be burdened by a continuing and often acrimonious debate over its definition and nature. The 9/11 incident demonstrates that terrorism in today's world tends to be multi-faceted. All states use force or at least accept the use of force as legitimate in international relations. As such, the use of force per se cannot be the decisive factor in any study of terrorism. A better way might be to look into the actual practice or position of various states in generally accepted cases involving terrorism. The purpose of this short paper is to try and understand what the position of the Chinese Government is on the issue of international terrorism and how through official papers, releases and writings they endorse it. This is important and even necessary because just as there are elements of subjectivity, predilections, particularity, etc., international practices also contribute towards the formulations of a definite understanding of terrorism.

This article argues that the contemporary console video game industry is a hybrid encompassing a mixture of Japanese and American businesses and (more importantly) cultures to a degree unseen in other media industries, especially in regard to US popular culture. The particularities of the video game industry and culture can be recognized in the transnational corporations that contribute to its formation and development; in the global audience for its products; and in the complex mixing of format, style and content within games. As an exemplar of this process, the Japanese game publisher Square Enix is the focus of this case study, as it has been successful in contributing to global culture as well as to the digital games industry through its glocal methods. That achievement by a non-Western corporation is indicative of the hybridization of the digital games industry, and it is examined here as one indicator of the complexities and challenges, as well as future potentials, of global media culture.

Women comprise the fastest growing group of persons with AIDS. They are often diagnosed later in the disease, when antiretroviral therapy (ART) is strongly indicated. Antiretroviral therapy has transformed the course of HIV/AIDS to a treatable, chronic illness. This article provides a profile of women with HIV/AIDS and describes ART. Selected research related to adherence and motivation is summarized. Psychosocial and economic concerns specific to women, ART, adherence, and motivation are presented. The article reviews challenges for risk reduction behaviors for HIV + women, such as sexual activity and substance abuse. The authors discuss the Keeping Health and Active with Risk reduction and Medication Adherence (KHARMA) Project, a research project in progress that was designed to promote adherence to both ART and risk reduction behaviors in HIV+ women. The study includes two groups: a motivational group intervention based on motivational interviewing and a health promotion program control group tailored to the needs of HIV+ women. A description of the tailored intervention and project update is included.

Abstract
We study second-best climate agreements in the presence of technology spillovers within and across countries, where the technology externalities within each country are corrected through a domestic subsidy of R&D investments. We compare the properties of two types of international climate agreements when the inter-country externalities from R&D are not regulated through the climate agreement. With an international agreement on emission quotas, the equilibrium R&D subsidy is lower than the socially optimal subsidy. The equilibrium subsidy is even lower if the climate agreement instead dictates that a common carbon tax should be imposed in all countries. Under a quota agreement, total quotas should be set low enough for the price of carbon to exceed the Pigovian level, whereas the opposite may be true under a tax agreement. We also show that social costs are higher under a second-best tax agreement than under a second-best quota agreement.

This paper presents an application of the genetic algorithm (GA) for optimizing controller gains of the Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG) driven by the Wind Energy Conversion Scheme (WECS). The proposed genetic algorithm is introduced to adapt the integral gains of the conventional controllers of the active and reactive control loop of the system under study, where GA calculates the optimum value for the gains of the variables based on the best dynamic performance and a domain search of the integral gains. The proposed genetic algorithm is used to regulate the terminal voltage or reactive power control, by adjusting the self excitation, and to control the mechanical input power or active power control by adapting the blade angle of WECS, in order to adjust the stator frequency. The GA is used for optimizing these gains, for an active and reactive power loop, by solving the related optimization problem. The simulation results show a better dynamic performance using the GA than using the conventional PI controller for active and reactive control.

In many Mediterranean coastal areas, agriculture, drinking water supply, tourism and industry strongly depend on the available groundwater resources. As a result of the significant economic development during the last three decades along the coast, abstractions from coastal aquifers have increased tremendously, frequently leading to overexploitation and saltwater intrusion. Geological, hydrogeological and socio-economical studies as a multidisciplinary approach on a coastal Mediterranean aquifer- the Roussillon - have been carried out in order to design effective water management strategies on areas sensitive to seawater intrusion risk. Geology provides geometry and architecture of the different aquifers, hydrogeology assess the seawater intrusion risk while socio-economic study includes consulting the stakeholders with the aim of suggesting water management and policy option acceptable to the majority of population. This paper then highlights the economic interests at stake, diversity of viewpoints expressed by stakeholders and political dimension of the issue, which are likely to be encountered for all similar situations on both sides of the Mediterranean Sea.

International audience ; The aim of this paper is to study the links between flexibility technological choices and tacit collusion in a duopoly. We prove that adoption of flexible technologies improves tacit collusion, when competition is à la Bertrand, but makes it more difficult, when competition is à la Cournot. We characterize the technological equilibria in this repeated game framework. We show that semi-collusion improves the adoption of flexible technologies. ; Cet article étudie les interactions entre le choix technologique de flexibilité des firmes et la collusion tacite dans un duopole. On montre que l'émergence des technologies flexibles facilite la collusion tacite lorsque les firmes se livrent une concurrence en prix ; en revanche, si la concurrence est en quantités, les technologies flexibles rendent la mise en oeuvre d'un accord de collusion tacite plus difficile. On caractérise les configurations technologiques qui émergent dans ce contexte de jeux répétés. On en déduit que les accords de semi-collusion encouragent l'adoption des technologies flexibles.

In spite of the wealth of experience which co-operative societies now have behind them, they have not gained uniform recognition across Europe. Supranational authorities such as the European Commission, the UN and the ILO have highlighted the important contribution made by co-operative societies in the creation of employment and in the mobilization of resources particularly at the local level. For several years now, however, two different tendencies in the development of the European co-operative movement are becoming apparent and they are analysed in this study. One is towards the creation of growth processes through formulas which aim to bring under the same roof asset holders who by their very nature are a difficult fit, all the while trying to maintain certain cooperative principles. And on the other hand, a tendency towards the creation of micro-companies that act in local markets and allow for erritorial development by means of the mobilization of local resources, based on local allegiance of the partners and democratic participation.

Gender, the culturally constructed social relations between men and women, plays an important role in determining not only the role and place of both sexes in society but also impacts the distribution of power between the sexes. Men, especially in patriarchal settings, have been observed to dominate women economically, politically and even sexually. Thus men generally exercise power over women. This article explores the impact of gender on reproductive and sexual decision-making among couples with HIV/AIDS. It discusses the decision-making process itself and then examines how gender and the exercise of power influence the decisions or choices made by these couples. Based on a sample of HIV-positive couples from Bulawayo (Zimbabwe), an important observation that this paper makes concerns the lack of male dominance in decision-making among these couples. This is explained in terms of high level of HIV/AIDS awareness among the study sample, the high cost of parental investment to women as well as the behavioural change necessitated by an HIVpositive diagnosis.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-126). ; lingoma zamagqirha is a Xhosa musical art often taught at workshops to introduce learners to the indigenous knowledge systems of the amaXhosa of South Africa. It is also a musical art which is performed in both sacred and secular environments. As such iingoma zamagqirha could be suitable for classroom teaching in South African schools and the oral methods embedded in the teaching of indigenous knowledge systems could provide guidelines to teachers who are required by the South African government to incorporate indigenous musical practices in their everyday teaching. This study's two primary objectives are therefore objective (a) is to analyse the inherent teaching method displayed by three performing artists and teachers of emergent teaching method through the fieldwork study. The secondary objective is to nurture a debate on the conservation of indigenous knowledge system and worldview as the educational discourse still tends to focus on Western music as the dominant culture.