Suchergebnisse

У статті розглянуто основні проблеми, що виникають у процесі консолідації колективної дії громадянського суспільства. З'ясовано, що колективна дія цього соціального інституту є керованою і зазнає впливу таких факторів як: бідність, невизначеність у подальшому розвитку, маніпулювання тощо. Установлено, що колективна дія громадянського суспільства є сильною соціальною зброєю, яку політики часто використовують у власних інтересах. ; The basic problems appearing in the process of consolidation of collective activity of civil society have been studied. It was found out that collective activity of this social institution is controlled and is opened to the influence of such factors as poverty, uncertainty in further development, manipulation etc. It was determined that collective activity of civil society is powerful social weapons, which is often used by politicians in their own interests.

The article elaborates on existing international standards for gender equality in the labour market and the main challenges that cause its insufficient effectiveness. The object of the research is the norms of international law establishing human rights standards related to ensuring gender equality in the labour market at the worldwide level through the UN system and, in particular, such legal instruments as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979), and the ILO jurisprudence.

The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach, including an analysis of acts of international law, case law of relevant international organisations, and authorities. Inter alia the following methods of scientific knowledge were used in the research: (i) general methods, in particular: scientific abstraction, analysis, synthesis, generalisation, comparison, principles of dialectics and formal logic, historical and systemic approaches; (ii) specific methods, in particular: method of comparative legal research.

Based on the research conducted, three main contemporary challenges for the legal regulation of gender aspects of the labour market were identified:

(i) the historically determined predominant use of binary perception of sex as a basis for gender discrimination, including in the labour market. Despite the existence of positive implementation practices of HRC, the ILO and CEDAW legal concepts on sex-based and gender-based discrimination should be further developed through both holistic theoretical analysis and the incorporation of relevant legal norms into acts of "hard" international law;

(ii) the legal status of men with family responsibilities does not have enough legal regulation on the level of obligatory international guarantees, therefore, subsequent international law should to be adopted;

(iii) enforcement mechanisms are weak enough and their implementation is often conditional on the "goodwill" of a State concerned without the possibility of international external enforcement (with the exception of certain ILO mechanisms, which are, however, procedurally difficult to enforce due to the tripartite system of organisation).

Very little scholarly work has been written about Cape Town during the Second World War. Indeed, very little has been written about South African society at all during this period. This study is an attempt to contribute towards scholarly discussion of the effects of war on South African society, and to try to understand the largely neglected effects of the War on those who took part in it. Much of this study focuses on the experiences of white Englishspeaking veterans. This is because the majority of soldiers fighting in the Second World War were from this particular population group, and also because it was this group that was about to lose commanding political influence upon its return to South Africa. A central theme of this study is the government's neglect of the returning soldiers, and their failure to live up to their promises. The change of government in 1948 was to ensure that the needs of the ex-volunteers were never fully addressed, and that the veterans would never occupy the central position in society which they thought was their right, having fought in a war which many members of the new government had opposed. The focus on Cape Town also ensures that this study remains separate from the many papers which have been written detailing the rise of Nationalism from the late 1930s until the 1948 election. Looking at the other side of the political spectrum - at the eventual losers - has important and interesting political and historical implications, and adds a new dimension to the political history of the period. The methodology used for this study is mainly oral - interviews were conducted with a small representative sample of veterans and have provided a basis for all secondary research. Using the testimony of veterans has proved a useful and original tool for examining the period in question. One further aim of the thesis is to provide an opportunity for the voices of the veterans to be recognised as an authoritative resource about the history of Cape Town during the War and in the immediate post-War period. The thesis is split into two parts to reflect the different nature of Cape Town society during and after the War. The early part deals with Cape Town during the War and the changes which were taking place there as a result of South African participation in the conflict. This section also examines the wartime experiences of the soldiers and assesses how these experiences helped to forge new identities and behaviour after the War. Part Two looks at the post-War period and the demobilisation process, examining how it treated and prejudiced the soldiers who were involved.

This book takes the reader on a journey through some men's land and into some men's houses. Along the way we look at whether or not there is a men's movement; what men's studies might consist of; where men have belonged in society through history; the nature of men's wounds and pain; femininity and masculinity; men's (boy's) differentiation from their mothers and their search for their fathers; and a refreshing view of men and sex, fatherhood, and work. Finally, we look at men coming together in men's support groups; amending the wrongs of their past; blessing each other in word, story, ritual

The goal of the research is to prepare a theoretical model of smart cultural governance and to evaluate the smart cultural management of Šiauliai city according to it. The background of creating a smart culture governance model is to define the theoretical constructs of smart city and smart culture management by looking for correlations between these concepts in order to closely link cultural management with the implementation of cultural policy in city management processes and to highlight the specifics of smart cultural management. A systematic model of a smart city is formed and presented, of which cultural management is an integral part. The model highlights the links between cultural management and other dimensions of the smart city. The theoretical model of smart culture management, which was adapted to investigate the expression of smart culture management in Šiauliai city, is presented. This kind of research has not been done so far in analyzing smart culture management in Šiauliai city. The need for the research was inspired by culture specialists of Šiauliai City Municipality Administration and heads of cultural institutions. The qualitative content analysis of theoretical sources of foreign countries and Lithuania was conducted as well as in-depth interviews to collect information that was processed through qualitative content analysis and systematized using matrices. The assessment of model expression based on the informants' attitudes enabled the researcher to draw substantive conclusions. The research is relevant to Šiauliai city culture field institutions (private, subordinate municipality, subordinate to the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania), Šiauliai city culture field policymakers. In a broader sense, the improvement in the quality of the intelligent social system highlighted in the study will significantly contribute to the general level of culture in Šiauliai. These positive changes will be experienced by the recipients of cultural services. Further research in the field of smart city cultural management is planned to analyze not only the situationof Šiauliai city but also the cultural field of Lithuania as a whole, in connection with the practices of the international cultural field. It is planned to study the smoothness of the transformation of cultural field institutions, adaptation to smart cultural management, and the emerging challenges. Further research is planned to analyze the scientific studies prepared by smart cities, to look for specific actions highlighted in them, challenges for the cultural sector in adapting to the gradual transformation of cities into smart cities. ; Straipsnio tikslas – parengti teorinį sumanaus kultūros valdymo modelį ir pagal jį įvertinti sumanų kultūros valdymą Šiaulių mieste. Sumanaus kultūros valdymo modelio sukūrimo pagrindas yra sumanaus miesto ir sumanaus kultūros valdymo teorinių konstruktų analizė ieškant šių konceptų tarpusavio koreliacijų siekiant glaudžiai su- sieti kultūros vadybą su kultūros politikos įgyvendinimu miestų valdymo procesuose ir išryškinti sumanaus kultūros valdymo specifiką. Lietuvoje sumanus valdymas, sumanūs miestai ir jų kultūros valdymas dar labai nauji ir tik pradedantys įsitvirtinti kaip moksliniai konceptai ir reiškiniai. Didieji miestai pradeda rengtis arba jau pasirengė sumanių / išmanių miestų mokslines studijas, t. y. kokius žingsnius miestas turi nueiti, kad taptų sumaniu / išmaniu miestu. Šiaulių miestas pasirengė išmaniojo miesto strateginį perspektyvinį dokumentą, kuriame apie kultūros valdymą mieste beveik neužsimenama. Šiaulių miesto kultūros lauke yra daug įsisenėjusių problemų, kurias reikia tiksliai identifikuoti ir išsigryninti jų sprendimo būdus. Kadangi kultūra ir jos sumanus valdymas yra neatsiejama valstybės ir miesto identiteto dalis ir nebuvo atliktas joks tokio pobūdžio tyrimas, nutarta ištirti sumanaus kultūros valdymo situaciją Šiaulių mieste. Apibendrinti tyrimo problematiką galima vienu pagrindiniu probleminiu klausimu: Kaip įvertinti sumanų Šiaulių miesto kultūros valdymą? Sumanus miestas pirmiausia siejamas su sumania bendruomene, sudaryta iš daugelio skirtingų bendruomenių: gyventojų, kultūros, verslo, mokslo, švietimo, meno. Sumanaus miesto strateginio pobūdžio tikslai ir prioritetai turi būti aktualūs ir orientuoti į daugelį skirtingų miesto bendruomenių. Sumanus miestas nuo kitų miestų skiriasi tuo, kad turi ryškiau išreikštas novatoriškumo, skaitmeniškumo ir kitas sumaniam miestui būdingas kokybes,tačiau svarbiausia yra tai, kad šio tipo miestas turi turėti kokybių visumą. Sumanaus miesto modelyje yra išryškinamos jo dimensijos: bendruomenės, ekonomika, viešoji vadyba, žmonės, gyvensena, ekologinė aplinka ir sveikata. Modelyje yra išgryninama ir pasirenkama viena iš viešosios vadybos rūšių, t. y. kultūros vadyba. Sumanus miesto medis yra neatsiejamas nuo infrastruktūros plotmės, kurią sudaro industrinė struktūra, IKT, logistika, energetika, būstas, viešosios erdvės ir paslaugos, kultūros įstaigos. Sumanus kultūros valdymas bendrąja prasme suprantamas kaip veiksmų visuma, kurie užtikrina efektyvų kultūros sektoriaus sistemos veikimą dinamiškomis aplinkos sąlygomis, kai yra panaudojamas intelektinis kapitalas ir turimi ištekliai, kad iššūkius būtų galima paversti galimybėmis. Atsižvelgiant į kultūros sektoriaus kompleksiškumą, kylančius naujus reikalavimus kultūros vadybai, sumanumo koncepcijos taikymas vadybiniuose sprendimuose atveria daug naujų galimybių. Kultūros vadybos ypatumai yra suvokiami kaip integrali sumanios kultūros vadybos dalis, todėl nagrinėtos sumanios kultūros vadybos dimensijos, kurios praplečia ir išryškina sumanumo sampratos svarbą kultūros vadyboje. Pauliukevičiūtė, Jucevičius (2016) išskiria šešias kultūros vadybos sumanumo dimensijas: 1) strategiškumą; 2) kūrybišką vystymą; 3) įžvalgų interesų derinimą kultūros sektoriuje; 4) įgalintus kultūros sektoriaus subjektus;5) intelektinio ir technologinio kapitalo dermę; 6) bendros vertės kūrimo kultūrą. Remiantis išskirtomis šešiomis kultūros vadybos dimensijomis, įtraukiant sumaniosios socialinės sistemos kokybes, būdingas sumaniam miestui, sudarytas hipotetinis sumanaus miesto modelis. Šis sudarytas modelis pritaikytas ištirti Šiaulių miesto kultūros lauko veikimą. Sudarytas giluminis iš dalies struktūruoto interviu klausimynas pagal teorinio sumanaus miesto kultūros valdymo modelio dedamąsias – 6 dimensijas ir 8 sumaniosios socialinės sistemos kokybes. Tyrimui atlikti buvo pasirinkta dešimt informantų. Informantai buvo pasirinkti kriterinės atrankos metodu pagal įtaką kultūros politikai, užimamas pareigas kultūros sektoriuje ir darbo stažą kultūros lauke, kuris turėjo būti ne mažesnis nei 5 metai. Surinktos interviu metu informantų nuostatos tyrėjo buvo grupuojamos pagal reikšmes į matricas, o jose į kategorijas ir subkategorijas. Pagal tyrėjo nustatytus kriterijus atlikus vertinimą, sumanaus Šiaulių miesto kultūros valdymo modelyje buvo įvertintas sumaniosios socialinės sistemos kokybių funkcionavimas atskirose šešiose dimensijose (sudarytos 6 matricos). Vertintas aštuoniolikos sumaniosios socialinės sistemos kokybių funkcionavimas. Pagal vertinimo rezultatus jos pasiskirstė taip: 5 kokybės vei- kia gerai, 10 kokybių – vidutiniškai ir 3 kokybės veikia silpnai. Nustatyta, kad geriausiai veikia įgalintų kultūros sektoriaus objektų dimensija, o silpniausiai – įžvalgaus interesų derinimo kultūros sektoriuje dimensija. Žvelgiant iš kokybių vertinimo prizmės, geriausiai veikia novatoriškumo kokybė, o silpniausiai – žinojimo ir dinamiškumo kokybės. Atlikęs sumanaus Šiaulių miesto kultūros valdymo vertinimą, tyrėjas atkreipia dėmesį į opiausias problemas, tobulinant vidutiniškai ir prastai veikiančias kultūros valdymo srities kryptis. Džiugu, jog per nepriklausomybės trisdešimtmetį Lietuva pasiekė labai aukštų rezultatų kultūros srityje. Tačiau kai kurios problemos išlieka opios iki šių dienų, o ypač jos aktualios ir nesunkiai pastebimos regionuose. Regionuose formuojant vietos lygmens kultūros politiką dažnai susiduriama su nacionalinio lygmens ir vietos lygmens kultūros politikos srities strategijų suderinamumu, finansų trūkumu kultūros įstaigų tobulėjimui, infrastruktūros gerinimui ir pritaikymui šiuolaikiniams kultūros vartotojų poreikiams. Straipsnio autorius patei- kia ir kelias rekomendacijas kultūros lauko tobulinimui, kurios inspiruotų diskusijas tarp Šiaulių miesto kultūros lauko dalyvių, mokslinės bendruomenės, analizuojančios vykstančius kultūros lauko kaitos procesus.

This book examines how intimate relationships are built, negotiated and maintained through social media. The study takes a cross-platform approach, analysing three social media platforms of different genres - Badoo, Couchsurfing and Facebook - and exploring two interactive forces that shape the way people communicate through social media: the platforms' architecture and policies, and actual practises of use. Combining analysis of the political economy of social media with users' perspectives of their own practises - as well as exploring the tensions between the two - the book provides a detailed picture of intimacy as a complex structure of continuity and change.

1. From Fragmentation to Forest Resurgence: Paradigms, Representations, and Practices / Susanna B. Hecht, Kathleen D. Morrison, and Christine Padoch; Part I. Conceptual Frameworks; Rethinking Social Lives and Forest Transitions: History, Ideologies, Institutions, and the Matrix / Susanna B. Hecht; 2. False Forest History, Complicit Social Analysis: Rethinking Some West African Environmental Narratives / James Fairhead and Melissa Leach; 3. Stories of Nature's Hybridity in Europe: Implications for Forest Conservation in the Global South / Roderick P. Neumann; 4. Adam Smith in the Forest / Frederik Albritton Jonsson; 5. Jungles, Forests, and the Theatre of Wars: Insurgency, Counterinsurgency, and the Political Forest in Southeast Asia / Nancy Lee Peluso and Peter Vandergeest; 6. Mutant Ecologies: Radioactive Life in Post-Cold War New Mexico / Joseph Masco; 7. Pan-Tropical Perspectives on Forest Resurgence / Alan Grainger; 8. The Social Lives of Forest Transitions and Successions: Theories of Forest Resurgence / Susanna B. Hecht.

Seria: Monographs of Multi-Annual Programme, no 27.1 ; Changes in farm structures from a social aspect in the post-socialist EU Member States since their accession to the EU. Policy and research needs on economic, social and environmental farm performance. Economic and social context of current social policy in the Czech Republic. Productivity Growth vs. Farm Support in EU Agriculture – policy implications. Evaluation of projects from Rural Development Programme in the Czech Republic. Bulgarian Programme for Rural Development (2007-2013): socio-economic outcomes and lessons. Priorities of sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas within the region of Eastern Serbia. Economic and social aspects of Slovak agri-food sector. The Russian food embargo: impact on the national agri-food sector. Food security in Romania – determinants and vulnerabilities. Economic Assessment of Neonicotinoids' Use Restriction on Sunfower and Maize Farms in Bulgaria and their Reaction. New Challenges for social and Development Policy – an attempt at a summary. ; Kamila Sobiecka

"This book explores Gandhi's engagement with print news media. It examines how Gandhi, the man and his message, negotiated with the sociopolitical circumstances of his milieu and the methods of communication that he adopted towards this end. It analyses the role that he played in building up alternative modes of communication in South Africa and India. This volume elucidates his interactions with the colonial communication order and his contestations of the same through various methods that included setting up new journals and newspapers and taking on the role of writer, journalist, editor, and publisher. It unveils Gandhi's engagement with mass media and print journalism, particularly concerning issues of conflict and conflict resolution, as well as social transformation right from his days in London to the last days of his life. A significant contribution to scholarship on Mahatma Gandhi, this volume will be of great interest to scholars of politics, media and cultural studies, history, and South Asian studies"--