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Land-based pollution represents the single most important cause of marine pollution. The threat of land-based pollution to the marine environment is a serious one since it mainly affects coastal waters, which are sites of high biological productivity. The occurrence of high concentrations of pollutants in the Arctic environment has been a concern for many years. Regional and international actions over the past two decades attempting to manage pollutants in the Arctic environment from land- based sources have produced recommendations that focus primarily on increasing cooperation in research and monitoring activities, not only among the Arctic governments themselves, but also including the interests and resources of non-polar countries. This paper demonstrates the complexity and breadth of the issues of land-based marine pollutions in Arctic, reviews the progress towards the management of risks and impacts associated with these pollutions, and comments on the proposed path towards rectification and appropriate management of these concerns.

While claims for the return of expropriated land by Native Americans and other indigenous peoples are often evaluated using legal frameworks, such approaches fail to engage the fundamental moral questions involved. This essay outlines three justifications for Native Americans to pursue land claims: to regain properties where original ownership has not been superseded, to aid the long-term survival of their endangered cultures, and to challenge and revise the historical misremembering of mainstream American society. The third justification is most controversial. It asserts that understandings of history shape perceptions of the present, and that intensively pursued land claims can provide powerful challenges to inaccurate conceptions of the past. This essay argues that Native Americans are for this reason justified in strategically pursuing land claims that are difficult to justify on other grounds, and closes with some worries about the legitimate role of strategy in political action.

Manfred Riedel: "Zeitkehre in Deutschland". Wege in das vergessene Land. Siedler Verlag, Berlin 1991. 224 S., geb., 34,- DM

This article, analyses the mechanisms behind changes in agricultural land use. Intensification of land use on the one hand, and abandonment on the other have had important consequences for landscape and biodiversity. The basic mechanism behind it is a change, in the relative prices of inputs and output. In this sense the general economic developments have been determining the changes in agricultural land use. In Western Europe, the rapid increase in the opportunity costs of tabour was the main factor behind mechanisation and intensification of agriculture. Also, the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU has stimulated intensification. Recent policy developments have cut down important incentives for further intensification. This, however, does not solve the problem of the decline of low input agricultural systems in Europe. The only way to maintain them is by specific nature-enhancing policies. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Rezension (ekz): Der Autor arbeitete u.a. für Ministerien und Verbände als Berater und ist zudem als Dozent tätig. Seine frühere Handreichung hat er nun gesplittet in diese Ausgabe für "Profis" und eine weitere für "Einsteiger". Während die Einsteigerausgabe die lokale und regionale Ebene behandelt, geht es hier um die Landes- und Bundesebene, wo Lobbying-Profis heutzutage eher blumige und euphemistische Bezeichnungen wie "Interessenvertretung", "Public Affairs" oder "Politikberatung" als Tätigkeitsbeschreibung vorziehen. Inhaltlich hat diese Handreichung ähnliche Defizite wie die Laienversion: Es fehlt an tiefer gehenden, vor allem konkreten Handlungsdirektiven und Best Practice, welche Zielpersonen in Verwaltung und Parlamenten zu welchem Zeitpunkt angesprochen werden sollen. Allenfalls bei Fragen des "Wie", also Gesprächsführung und Argumentationsstrategien, weiss der Autor hilfreiche Praxiskenntnisse zu vermitteln. (3)ekz-Annotation: Handreichung für die politische Interessenvertretung und Lobbyarbeit auf Landes- und Bundesebene. Behandelt werden u.a. Zielgruppenbestimmung, Eingriffsmöglichkeiten bei Gesetzgebungsverfahren, Netzwerkbildung, gezielte Ansprache und Gesprächstechniken in der persönlichen Kontaktarbeit