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Intro -- Contents / Sommaire -- Articles -- L'Etat fédéré dans les relations internationales contemporaines: le cas du Canada -- The International Law-Making Process and the New International Economic Order -- A Fresh Look at the Meaning of the Doctrine of Denial of Justice under International Law -- Humanitarian Law and the Man in the Field -- La délimitation du plateau continental entre états voisins -- Maritime Jurisdiction in the Dixon Entrance: The Alaska Boundary Re-Examined -- An Historical Introduction to the Teaching of International Law in Canada: Part III -- Notes and Comments -- The Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences: Frustrations on the Road to Utopia -- Accord entre le Canada et la Norvège sur leurs relations en matière de pêche -- The Problem of International Criminal Jurisdiction -- The Protection of the Canadian Cultural Heritage: The Cultural Property Export and Import Act -- Canadian Sovereignty in the Arctic: A Comment on The Arctic in Question -- Annual Conference of the Canadian Council on International Law -- Canadian Practice in International Law during 1975 as Reflected Mainly in Public Correspondence and Statements of the Department of External Affairs -- Canadian Practice in International Law during 1975 as Reflected in Resolutions of the House of Commons and in Government Statements in the House of Commons -- Digest of Important Canadian Cases Reported in 1975 in the Fields of Public International Law and Conflict of Laws -- Book Reviews / Revue des livres -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W.

"Der Beitrag untersucht auf der Grundlage organisationstheoretischer Überlegungen die sich wandelnde Infrastruktur der internationalen Zivilgesellschaft und ihre bestimmenden Umweltbedingungen und leistet damit Vorüberlegungen für ihre bessere konzeptionelle und empirische Erfassung. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei die Organisationen des Dritten Sektors als infrastrukturelle Grundlage der internationalen Zivilgesellschaft. Ausgehend von einer kurzen Skizze der organisatorischen Dynamik des Dritten Sektors untersucht der Beitrag eine Reihe zentraler Entwicklungslinien der internationalen Zivilgesellschaft. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass eine Vielzahl von Erscheinungsformen und die Ungleichzeitigkeit von Entwicklungen die Infrastruktur der Organisationen prägen und dass unterschiedliche Faktoren diese Entwicklungen in einer hochdynamischen und komplexen Umwelt beeinflussen. Die Notwendigkeit, umweltangemessene Organisationsstrukturen zu entwickeln, führt zu teilweise widersprüchlichen und gegenläufigen Trends: So werden sich INGOs gleichzeitig ähnlicher und unähnlicher, sie werden in unterschiedlichem Maße von der Globalisierung geprägt und entwickeln innovative und hybride Organisationsformen. Vor dem Hintergrund des Fehlens einer klaren Tendenz zur künftigen Rolle des Dritten Sektors innerhalb der internationalen Zivilgesellschaft entwickelt der Beitrag vier Szenarien, innerhalb derer sich die weitere Entwicklung abspielen könnte: erstens das New-Public-Management-Szenario, zweitens das Sozialkapital-Szenario, drittens das liberale Szenario und schließlich viertens das korporative Szenario. Der Beitrag schließt mit Überlegungen zu den Auswirkungen dieser Entwicklungslinien auf die Effizienz von Organisationen und ihre Überlebensfähigkeit, ihr Demokratisierungspotenzial, die Nord-Süd-Spannungen und die zunehmende Präsenz im Cyberspace." (Autorenreferat)

Die Entwicklungen in Osteuropa und in der Sowjetunion haben drei politische Defizite mit sich gebracht: 1. das Defizit der politischen Organisation einer demokratischen Ordnung; 2. Defizite in der Entwicklung und Umsetzung politischer Konzepte; 3. ein Defizit im Aufbau einer regionalen Kooperationsstruktur. Zur Behebung dieser Defizite bedürfen die neuen Führungsgruppen einer Professionalisierung, wie sie nur mit Hilfe der diesbezüglichen Kenntnisse im Westen zu erreichen ist. Wegen der europapolitischen Zielsetzungen der Entwicklungen in Osteuropa ist hierbei in erster Linie an Hilfeleistungen durch die Europäische Gemeinschaft, und zwar speziell durch die westeuropäischen Parteien und deren Föderationen zu denken. Auf Grund ihres Kontaktnetzes und eigener Mitgliederparteien in Osteuropa kommt hierbei hinwiederum der Sozialistischen Internationale eine hervorragende Stellung zu. Insbesondere kann sie im linken Parteienspektrum Kompetenz vermitteln und die Ausbreitung der Sozialdemokratie fördern. (SWP-Abg)

Intro -- Contents/Sommarie -- Articles -- Judge John E. Read and the International Court of Justice -- La délimitation du plateau continental entre le Canada et les Etats-Unis dans la mer de Beaufort -- The Northwest Passage in International Law -- Water Pollution and Related Principles of International Law -- War Law and the Medical Profession -- Choice of Law Methods in the Private International Law of Contract -- Notes and Comments -- The Proposed Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods: A Progress Report -- La lune: patrimoine commun de I'humanité -- Adjudication of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine -- The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon and Canadian Participation -- Canada and Namibia -- The Asian-African Legal Consultative Committee and International Commercial Arbitration -- Canadian Practice in International Law during 1978 as Reflected Mainly in Public Correspondence and Statements of the Department of External Affairs -- Canadian Practice in International Law during 1978 as Reflected in Resolutions of the House of Commons and in Government Statements in the House of Commons -- Digest of Important Canadian Cases Reported in 1978 in the Fields of Public International Law and Conflict of Laws -- Commentary on Some Treaties Signed by Canada in 1978 -- Book Reviews/Revue des Livres -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.

On June 7, 1961, it was announced that the International Monetary Fund had entered into a stand-by arrangement authorizing the government of Ecuador to draw up to $10 million in currencies held by the Fund during the following twelve months. Then, on July 19 the Fund announced that it had concurred in the establishment of a new par value for Ecuador's currency, accompanied by a simplification of the country's exchange system. The par value as of that date was changed from 15 to 18 sucres per United States dollar, and Ecuador discontinued most of its multiple rate practices. Under the new system at least 90 percent of all trade and trade-connected transactions, including the export of such major products as bananas, coffee and cacao, was to be conducted within one percent either side of parity, while a small free market with a fluctuating rate, mainly for nonessential invisible transactions and unregistered capital transactions, was to continue to operate, chiefly as a means of controlling capital movements. During the period under review the Fund also entered into stand-by agreements wkh other Latin American countries. On July 14, 1961, the Fund announced a one-year stand-by arrangement with the government of El Salvador authorizing drawings in an amount equivalent to $11.25 million. The Fund's assistance was designed to help to support the country's reserve position and ensure the continued convertibility of its currency while measures were being adopted to improve El Salvador's internal situation through appropriate fiscal and monetary policies.

It was announced on May 1, 1961, that the government of Honduras had entered into a stand-by agreement with the International Monetary Fund designed to support the Honduran government in its effort to strengthen its foreign payments position, while maintaining the freedom and flexibility of its foreign exchange system. The agreement authorized drawings equivalent to $7.5 million from the Fund over the following twelve months. On May 17, 1961, the Fund arranged a one-year standby agreement for the government of Brazil for $160 million and rescheduled the payments to be made by that country to the Fund against previous drawings totaling $140 million. The Fund's financial assistance to Brazil was to support a broad financial program of fiscal, credit, trade, and exchange measures designed to combat inflation and to achieve balance of payments equilibrium within the framework of a free and simplified exchange system. The arrangement with the Fund was to be supplemented by additional credits from other sources and by renegotiation of maturities on Brazil's medium-term foreign indebtedness. The Fund also announced that on April 27, 1961, it had agreed to a drawing by the government of Australia of $175 million in currencies held by the Fund. At the same time it entered into a stand-by arrangement with the Australian government authorizing additional drawings up to $100 million over the following twelve months to support the government's efforts to improve its foreign payments position by means of fiscal, monetary, and other measures.

The Administrative Council of 'the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) held its fourteenth session in Geneva from May 19 to June 12, 1959, under the chairmanship of Mr. Alfred F. Langenberger (Switzerland). In preparation for the 1959 conferences, the Council decided to prepare a report for submission to the forthcoming Administrative Radio Conference relating to the implementation of the Atlantic City Table of Frequency Allocations; the report summarized the action taken by the Council with respect to the situation prior to the Extraordinary Administrative Radio Conference, held in Geneva in 1951, and with respect to that arising from the decisions of that Conference. As usual during the session of the Council prior to a Plenipotentiary Conference, the Council also drew up its report to the 1959 Conference on the recent activities of the Union, including questions calling for special attention by the Conference. In its final form, the report was in three parts: Part I related to the activities of the Council and ITU from 1953 to 1959; Part II dealt with the staff and finances of the Union; and Part III covered the various questions to be brought to the attention of the Plenipotentiary Conference. Chief among these matters were the possible assimilation of Union salaries, allowances, and pensions to those of the UN common system, the possible introduction of a consolidated budget and a Working Capital Fund, and problems set by the "ceiling" for the ordinary expenses of the Union.

Report of the Director-GeneralThe annual report of the Director-General (Morse) of the International Labor Organization (ILO) to the 38th session of the ILO Conference had a special theme, that of labor-management relations in thedeveloping industrial society.1 The state of labor-management relations was an important conditioning factor in attaining the broad goals laid down for the ILO in recent years, the Director-General stated; for example, productivity had been widely emphasized during the preceding year, and in the last analysis, the success of efforts to bring about higher productivity depended largely on improved cooperation within industry between management and labor. Labor-management relations were fundamental to the achievement of better manpower utilization in underdeveloped countries, and to the improvement of working and living conditions. In connection with the desire for greater economic security, faulty labor-management relations, creating an obsession with security and an aversion to change on the part of labor, could result in economic stagnation. Research and standard-setting and technical assistance were noted by the Director-General as important contributions being made by the ILO to industrial development, but he stated that these activities, while related to the problems of labor and management, were limited in that they were primarily concerned with setting the goals and establishing the legislative and administrative framework for social policy. It was worth considering, he thought, whether the ILO was not in need of a more positive, active and varied program for improved labormanagement relations.

Forty-four nations were represented at the fifth session on tariff negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade at Torquay, England which convened on September 28, 1950. Of the nations which took part in negotiations, 32 were contracting parties to GATT and seven (Austria, Korea, Peru, the Republic of the Philippines, Turkey, Uruguay and the Federal Republic of Germany) attended the conference with the hope of becoming signatories upon the completion of negotiations. There were five countries (Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Venezuela and Switzerland) which sent observers. L. Dana Wilgress of Canada was the chairman of the meeting. The United States withdrew its request to have Japan restored to full trading equality at the conference because of the indications that other nations were not yet willing to grant most-favored-nation treatment to Japan. The contracting parties negotiated among themselves for newer and broader tariff concessions than those obtained at Geneva in 1947. At the conclusion of the country-with-country bargaining, the results wtere examined by all the participating countries and upon their approval were integrated into the agreement. Other items of importance to international trade discussed were 1) the discrimination against dollar goods as practiced by some countries and 2) the relation of the Schuman Plan to the most-favored-nation clauses in existing agreements. The conference established a tariff negotiations working party of eleven to act as expeditor and policeman if the delegations were slow in initiating negotiations or dragged them on too long.