Suchergebnisse

Bei der vorliegenden Studie handelt es sich um die erste Untersuchung zum bedingungslosen Einkommen (BGE), die versucht die beiden Kriterien Arbeitsanreiz und Digitalisierung zu analysieren. Ein Vergleich zwischen dem Arbeitslosengeld II und der vorherigen Arbeitslosenhilfe ergänzt die Darstellung unterschiedlicher Grundeinkommensmodelle. Vorschläge für Varianten der praktischen Umsetzung schließen sich anhand einer Analyse aktuellster Monographien an. Danach werden die Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf die Arbeitswelt, die im Anschluss in einer Akteursanalyse vertiefend untersucht werden und erste Erkenntnisse zu den Auswirkungen des Coronavirus auf die Diskussionen um ein BGE enthält, dargestellt. Die Studie schließt mit den internationalen Modellversuchen, mit Fokus auf das finnische Modellprojekt. Im Ergebnis bleibt hinsichtlich der Auswirkungen eines BGE zur Arbeits- und Bildungsmotivation Skepsis angezeigt, die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt ist kein Enabler für ein BGE. / »The Unconditional Basic Income and the Digitalization of Work« -- This study is the first study on unconditional income (UI) that attempts to analyze the two criteria of work incentive and digitization. Different (international) basic income models and the effects of digitization on the world of work are discussed. In conclusion, skepticism remains regarding the effects of a UI on work and education motivation; the digitization of work is not an enabler for a UI.

The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) has evolved from an international agreement into a highly integrated legal community with an ever more pervasive effect on domestic law and individuals. The supranational authority of the European Court of Human Rights bypasses the nation state in a growing number of other areas. Understanding the evolution of the ECHR and its Court may help in explaining and contextualising growing resistance against the Court, and in developing possible responses. Examining the Convention system through the prism of supranationality, Cedric Marti offers a fresh, comprehensive and interdisciplinary perspective on the expanding adjudicatory powers of the Court, including law-making. Marti addresses the growing literature of institutional studies on human rights enforcement to ascertain the particularities of the ECHR and its relationship to domestic legal systems. This study will be of great value to both scholars of international law and human rights practitioners.

The article aims to explain the reasons and ways South Africa aimed to project influence and power on the African continent. It analyses the ways that SA projected influence through its foreign polices at the international and multilateral levels as well as the ways it used its military in support of its foreign policy goals. Case studies in this regard which are discussed include its involvement in Burundi, Darfur, Sudan, Libya, Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic and South Sudan. It is concluded that South Africa remained committed to its foreign policy goals but struggled to influence international and multilateral institutions to become involved or support these goals. Lastly, it concludes that South Africa's aim to project power in Africa was unsuccessful. Therefore, South Africa could no longer be seen as middlepower but rather as an ever-weakening State.

While recent scholarship has highlighted how participating countries at the interwar world's fairs competed by displaying ideological versions of modernity, the alternative national projections of smaller states have received less attention. This study of the Swedish national pavilions from Brussels 1935 via Paris 1937 to New York 1939 analyses how a loose but well-connected network of communicators over the course of three fairs responded to, and used, the evolving trends at these international mega-events. In the threatening international atmosphere of the late 1930s, the network convinced the Swedish government to seize the opportunities opened up by the crises of capitalism and democracy. The 1937 and 1939 pavilions showcased Sweden at the world's fairs as an example of the successful handling of economic and socio-political crisis, and the experience had a formative impact on the post-war institutionalisation of Swedish cultural diplomacy.

AbstractThis article takes existing histories of Chilean transnational anti-communist activity in the 1970s beyond Operation Condor (the Latin American military states' covert transnational anti-communist intelligence and operations system) by asking how the Pinochet dictatorship responded to two key changes in the international system towards the end of that decade: the Carter presidency and introduction of the human rights policy, and the shift of the epicentre of the Cold War in Latin America to Central America. It shows how both Salvadoreans and Chileans understood the Pinochet dictatorship as a distinct model of anti-communist governance, applicable far beyond Chile's own borders. This study of Chilean foreign policy in El Salvador contributes to new histories of the Latin American Extreme Right and to new understandings of the inter-American system and the international history of the conflicts in Central America in the late 1970s and the 1980s.

Abstract
The modern slavery discourse has brought attention to the idea of 'human exploitation', which underpins a range of practices comprised by this popular umbrella term. Despite its extensive use, the concept of exploitation has never been defined in international law. This article articulates the necessary and sufficient conditions for the notion of exploitation in the context of the human rights prohibition against slavery, servitude, forced or compulsory labour and human trafficking. This is done by examining international legislation, jurisprudence and the philosophical discussions of this concept. Articulating the parameters of exploitation sets firm boundaries of this right while leaving enough room for its further refinement in light of the new and emerging forms of modern slavery. Such analysis is a pioneering effort at elucidating the theoretical foundations of the prohibition of slavery, servitude, forced or compulsory labour and human trafficking.

In Worldmaking After Empire, Adom Getachew challenges standard histories of decolonisation, which chart the story of a simple shift from empire to independent nationhood. She shows that supporters of decolonisation have always sought to create something much more than nationalisms:
they have engaged in a dynamic and rival system of revolutionary worldmaking, seeking an alternative international system that could replace the old inequitable dispensation. She charts this decolonial project from its roots in the works of Black Atlantic thinkers like W.E.B. Du Bois and C.L.R.
James in the 1920s and 1930s. The key events she tracks are the challenges the project faced in the United Nations in the 1940s and 1950s; attempts at regional federation in late 1950s and 1960s; and the emergence of the New International Economic Order in the 1960s and 1970s. This a twentieth
century tradition now ripe to be reclaimed and revived.

The paper describes the application of a qualitative diary method combined with in-depth interviews in the context of headquarters-subsidiary cooperation. We examine the distinct requirements of studying shared understanding in the case of distributed teams and argue that further research is necessary in order to explain inter-team conflicts arising from incongruent understandings and divergent expectations. Building on this research gap, we perform a case study in the headquarters of a multinational technology company and one of its subsidiaries. With the help of Event Sampling Methodology (ESM) and in-depth interviews, we were able to identify, analyze and comprehend situations characterized by lacking shared understanding. By this, our research contributes to the methodical discussion on event sampling methods and proposes new fields of application. Furthermore, it contributes to the international management literature by analyzing misunderstandings in international R&D cooperation.

AbstractBased on the data of A‐share heavily polluting listed companies in China from 2010 to 2017, this study uses content analysis and multiple linear regression to investigate the effect of the amount of corporate environmental information disclosure on financial performance and the moderating effect of corporate internationalization on this relationship. The results confirm the significant negative impact of the amount of environmental information disclosure on financial performance, while corporate internationalization has a positive moderating effect on this relationship. The degree of regional marketization and corporate ownership influences this moderating effect. Thus, a mandatory disclosure mechanism with a legal basis and clear standards is necessary, but should include diverse policies and improved incentive mechanisms in light of the differences in regional development in China. In addition, international organizations should encourage companies to increase their international operations. The robustness test shows that the results are reliable.

ABSTRACT
This study aims to help educators advance the integration of scholarly data analytics knowledge using emerging technology tools in accounting throughout the curriculum, thereby contributing to teaching for future-oriented practice. It provides an analysis of 215 peer-reviewed data analytics contributions including 16 classroom applications published from 2004 to 2018 in the six journals that have largely served as destinations of technology-related accounting research of all kinds and are commonly referred to as AIS journals, which are the Journal of Information Systems, International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting, International Journal of Digital Accounting Research, AIS Educator Journal and Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management. Accounting educators find detailed guidance on which peer-reviewed data analytics research contributions and tools are available to be integrated into financial and managerial accounting, auditing, accounting information systems, and tax courses.

AbstractIntroductionThere is considerable international research indicating health disparities between people with and without intellectual disabilities. It is important that comparative studies use representative population samples. This study compares a total administrative population of adults with intellectual disability to a random stratified general population sample.MethodsAn administrative population of 217 adults with intellectual disability and a random stratified sample of 2,350 adults without intellectual disability participated. A questionnaire using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10) Chapter Headings was administered to all participants to enable a like‐for‐like comparison.FindingsUnadjusted comparisons identified that adults with intellectual disability have a greater prevalence of health problems. These problems start early in adulthood and continue throughout life. However, they were less likely to experience cancers and musculoskeletal diseases.ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adults with intellectual disabilities have greater prevalence rates of health problems than the general population.

Our review starts by considering the regional development of East and Southeast Asia. We then address major trends related to international migration within the region. First, we focus on labor migration, which has been a dominant type of migration in the region in the last four decades. We highlight consequences such as development in the destination area, remittances, and children who are left behind. Second, we highlight recent developments in research related to migrant domestic helpers. In this review, we argue that most studies about migrants in East and Southeast Asia are descriptive in nature, because limited data are available for detailed analysis. Consequently, there has been little opportunity or effort to theorize the migration patterns in the region. Our review suggests the need to move beyond case studies and descriptive reports and to step up efforts to make theoretical contributions to international migration in East and Southeast Asia.

Abstract
Despite years of international criticism and domestic policy making, China still plays a key role in illegal wildlife trafficking. Although the country has begun a transition from the mindless exploitation of nature towards an envisioned Ecological Civilisation, basic tenets in traditional medicine and popular cosmology continue to have highly adverse ecological consequences, both at home and abroad. Evaluating recent trends in international wildlife trade, Chinese policy making, and popular cosmology in China, this article aims to throw light on why wildlife substances continue to play such important role in the modern society, as well as to reflect on the preconditions for broader value change. The article goes on to argue that in order to get a better understanding on how nature and wildlife are viewed in a Chinese context, one is compelled to reflect not only on the impact of popular cosmology but also of authoritarian governance on conservation.

The deliberate activity of terrorist groups to destroy cultural heritage sites triggered the securitization of World Cultural Heritage concept. Among the actors of the securitization process, the UN Security Council plays a special role as the main body responsible for ensuring and maintaining international peace and security. Within the framework of UN Security Council resolutions, the base was gradually prepared linking the destruction and plunder of World Cultural Heritage sites, the illicit trafficking of cultural property with the financing of terrorist activities. This process took place in line with the securitization process, increasingly linking the protection of cultural sites with the maintenance of international peace and security. The article assesses the impact the in activities of the UN Security Council on the process of securitization of the World Cultural Heritage and on the development of regional legislation in the field of protection of such heritage.

This article examines French responses to transnational influences on medical education and rural health in Cameroon in the era of decolonization. As international organizations became increasingly involved in Cameroon in the postwar period, French military doctors claimed authority through specific expertise on medicine in the African "bush." After Cameroon became independent, however, the building of new medical school became a focus of French anxieties about maintaining power in new African institutions of technical expertise and knowledge production. While scholars have begun to foreground the international context of Franco-African relations after independence, this article reveals how the distinct politics of Cameroon's decolonization, growing out of its history as a United Nations (UN) trust territory, shaped French approaches to medical institutions there. Moreover, negotiations over the future of rural medicine in Cameroon highlighted the ways in which the approaches championed by French doctors relied on colonial authority itself.