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Mitigating the effects of climate change will require a whole-of-government approach and a redefinition of national security to embrace a more panoramic set of risks. Government officials are saying lots of the right things. But is it being done, and done quickly enough?

"Supersedes AFR 130-1, 6 November 1987"--P. [1]. ; "16 December 1991." ; Shipping list no.: 92-112-P. ; "Writer-editor: R.M. Downey"--P. [1]. ; Caption title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

In 1995 Finland joined the European Union (EU). This action culminated several years of a fundamental reorientation of Finnish security policy as Finland moved from the neutrality imposed on it by the Soviet Union to a policy with a priority on European integration through the European Union. Finland, in joining the EU, has retained its independent defense and security posture, even as it seeks to strengthen its standing abroad and gain added leverage, through the EU, for dealing with Russia. Finland's odyssey indicates much about two fundamental issues in European security: coping with Russia's crises, and the interrelationship between the EU and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization as providers of security for small states in Europe. Furthermore, Finland's proximity to Russia and the difficult history of Fenno-Russian relations have imposed on Finnish policymakers the need for penetrating and sober analysis of Finland's and Europe's security situation. Therefore, Finland's evolution from an imposed neutrality to overt participation in European integration merits our careful scrutiny and attention. ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1872/thumbnail.jpg

There are many security risks to the organizations' information assets; nonetheless, among the major threats to achieve a secure information environment are the actions and behavior of the employees when handling information. Insiders, intentionally or unintentionally, can cause serious risks, despite investments usually made on security control measures and other security related products. Insecure human behavior with respect to information security cannot entirely be solved by technical and procedural controls alone. Recently, the development of effective information security culture in organizations is increasingly considered as a way to embed appropriate security practices, and to address the human factor in information security. Past research works on this area indicate that there is a positive relationship between levels of knowledge and how employees behave. The level of knowledge significantly affects information security behavior and should be considered as a critical factor in the effectiveness of information security culture and in any further work that is carried out on information security culture. Therefore, in this paper we have identified the security knowledge required to improve employee behavior in information security culture namely; knowledge of security threat, knowledge of organization information security strategy, knowledge of security technology, knowledge of legislation, regulation and national culture, knowledge of security responsibility and knowledge of security risk. These security knowledge needs to be included as topics in security training and awareness programs conducted by organizations for their employees so that an effective information security culture within the organization can be achieved. Keywords: Information Security, Information Security Culture, Human Behavior and Security knowledge.

This article enframes `risk' as a biopolitical security technology. It explains how biopolitics of security take life as their referent object of security; how the grid of intelligibility for biopolitics is economic; and how, in the second half of the 20th century, life also came to be understood as emergent being. Contingency is constitutive especially of the life of emergent being, and so the article argues that a biopolitics of security that seeks `to make life live' cannot secure life against contingency but must secure life through governmental technologies of contingency. Risk is one of these technologies. The article also explains how risk has come to pervade the biopolitics of security of the 21st century, and how, through the way in which it is traded on the capital markets, it has begun to acquire the properties of money. The article closes by describing how the biopolitics of security differ from traditional prophylactic accounts of security, and how these biopolitics of security exceed the liberal political thinking that rationalizes and legitimates them.

The role of historical change in international relations has been an important issue, especially regarding the `ahistoricism' of mainstream theories. In this context, security studies has suffered from a lack of analysis of the state and its relation to historical change. When this attitude is challenged, it can be seen that the particular `state' of security studies fits into a particular historical logic that structured states which is susceptible to change. A historical sociological analysis of the development of the state-society complexes surrounding security can provide a historical analysis of the state, in order to better articulate its continuing relevance to political life and security, its relationship with individuals and society, and the complexities of contemporary citizenship. The 20th century saw the development of the `security state', where the western state became the centre of security provision, the protector against external threat and provider of domestic well-being.