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This paper deals with the emergence and meaning of the term spiritual in modern, postmodern, and contemporary art with a particular focus on its transdisciplinary and transcultural aspects. The problem develops because of the hitherto neglected involvement of the spiritual in the development and expansion of the modernity program in recent European art history, with a particular focus on recent research redirected from traditional positions of national context to the transformation of visual language and transcultural character of some movements in modern art. This work covers the meaning and development of transdisciplinary spiritual art, the non-national character of its production, and the internationalization of its practice, focusing on the link with the reduction, abstraction, and tendencies of media dematerialization. It concludes with a review of innovative aspects of spiritual art and its apolitical character in times of intense social change.

In the article attention is given to recent developments in the field of water history at North-West University in South Africa, where transdisciplinary research strategies have been incorporated into research programmes on contemporary problems experienced in the country's water sector. The initial focus on water history gradually shifts to water studies and how interdisciplinary research and the exponential growth of scientific knowledge has opened up space for the emergence of transdisciplinary research. There is a discussion on the research undertaken by members of the Research Niche Area for the Cultural Dynamics of Water (CuDyWat) at the university and an outline of some of the group's completed research reports. The potential value of current research is also examined.Keywords: water studies; South Africa; water sector; water history; transdisciplinary researchDisciplines: History; water studies; transdisciplinary.

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