Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Au-delà des stéréotypes plus ou moins amusés sur le Midi et les Méridionaux, l'antiméridionalisme appartient incontestablement à ces haines modernes qu'a forgées et développées le nationalisme français à la fin du XIXe siècle, aux côtés de l'antisémitisme, de la xénophobie ou de l'antimaçonnisme. Le méridional, le juif et le franc-maçon, voire le protestant, entretiennent du reste des liens étroits aux yeux de leurs adversaires. Ces derniers se recrutent soit parmi les disciples de Drumont (Gaston Méry), soit parmi les ténors du national-catholicisme (Jules Lemaître, Léon Daudet, Maurice Barrès, Charles Maurras), et développent une véritable campagne au moment où Émile Combes et Jean Jaurès, deux méridionaux, mènent à son point d'accomplissement la politique anticléricale. L'antiméridionalisme a été un moment aujourd'hui oublié, mais important, de la transformation et du trouble des identités dans la France de la Troisième République.

"This book analyses the determinants behind the openings in party leader selection rules (leaders' selectorate) in 10 Western European countries and more than 55 parties between the mid-1980s and the mid-2010s. Presenting a novel and revealing theoretical and empirical framework, it tackles the impact of party change and the personalisation of politics, specifically using data coming from the first expert survey on the personalisation of politics in Western Europe; the PoPES. A quantitative analysis is paired with more in-depth explorations of two Italian parties (the Italian Communist Party - Democratic Party of the Left; the Northern League) and the (missed) opening of their leader selectorate. This book highlights the critical importance of studying party leader selection rules against the backdrop of allegedly declining parties and rising party leaders and concludes by placing its findings in a broader discussion about the future of Western European party leaders. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of political parties and party systems, leadership, political elites, elections, democracy, and more widely of Western European politics and comparative politics"--

New therapeutic options became available in 2015 in the European Union. We present the availability of interferon-free regimens with direct acting antivirals (DAA) in four Central European countries – the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia – which despite similar historical, geographical and economic situations demonstrate different systems for access to anti-HCV (hepatitis C virus) medication. Treatment of patients in the Czech Republic was based in 2015 on an exceptional individual reimbursement procedure, but regular reimbursement procedures are expected in 2016. In Hungary the decision for treatment is balanced against budget limitations and the national Priority Index system reflecting stage of liver disease, activity of the disease and predictive factors. A reimbursed interferon (IFN)-free therapeutic program for all genotypes, without restrictions related to hepatic fibrosis and treatment history, is already available in Poland. In Slovakia patients with advanced fibrosis are currently selected for possible IFN-free therapy in 2016.

The purpose of this paper is to examine different cropping practices, cost structures and gross margins for producing conventional table potatoes in 6 different regions within the European Union: Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy, Poland, Portugal and Slovakia. Findings from this study show that potato cropping practices varies signifi-cantly between these countries with major differences in yields and costs. Italy and Denmark are the two regions with highest gross margins due to high yields and reve-nues. Poland is by far the largest potato producing country among the 6 countries ex-amined in this study. However, the production is primarily based on small scale farm-ing with low yields and low economic revenues.

Conditions of membership, potential new members, and effects on the nature of the organization. Conclusions of the Council of Europe's Parliamentary Assembly's Bureau approved on Apr. 22, 1992.

The article examines the politics of French presidents towards European
integration, with the focus on President Macron's proposals concerning
European sovereignism. The authors apply the Liberal Intergovernmentalism,
which models the EU reforms as a three-stage process in which states first
define preferences, then engage in interstate bargaining, and finally design
common institutions. The main thesis of this article is that France has
relatively stable preferences - augmenting its power through European
integration, which is also translated into Macron's politics, despite
seemingly paradoxical proposals on further delegation of competences to the
EU. France is refusing the status quo in the Union divided on key issues,
and strongly advocate a Europe of concentric circles. The high intensity of
French preferences for the EU reforms is demonstrated through the
alternative coalition?s projects, such as the European Intervention
Initiative or redefinition of its relations with Russia. Contrary to common
interpretations of France as the weaker partner in the Franco-German axis
after the Bing Bang enlargement and Eurozone crisis, the authors' thesis is
that France is regaining a stronger role at the integration crossroad. In
the context of the uncertain future of the transatlantic partnership,
China's rise and the threat of further EU marginalization in contemporary
international relations, France is determined to have the ?balancing power?
status on the global stage. Based on its military and diplomatic power, as
well as large geographic influence, France is offering a strong alliance to
Germany, which has no serious alternative. The authors conclude that this
alliance would provide an opportunity for both countries to further project
their power, and create a new context for inevitable re-opening of the
?German question?.

The standing of French Muslims is undercut by a predominant and persistent elite public discourse that frames Muslims as failed and incomplete French citizens. This situation fosters the very separations, exclusions, and hierarchies it claims to deplore as Muslims face discrimination in education, housing, and employment. In Constructing Muslims in France, Jennifer Fredette provides a deft empirical analysis to show the political diversity and complicated identity politics of this relatively new population. She examines the public identity of French Muslims and evaluates images in popular media to show how stereotyped notions of racial and religious differences pervade French public discourse. While rights may be a sine qua non for fighting legal and political inequality, Fredette shows that additional tools such as media access are needed to combat social inequality, particularly when it comes in the form of unfavorable discursive frames and public disrespect. Presenting the conflicting views of French national identity, Fredette shows how Muslims strive to gain recognition of their diverse views and backgrounds and find full equality as French citizens

In 1938, curators from the Museum of Modern Art installed their first international exhibition, Three Centuries of American Art, in Paris. This article examines the powerful role that museums played in constructing national art-historical narratives during the 1930s. It argues that the intertwining of art, political diplomacy, and canon formation uncovered by an analysis of the exhibition reveals American art's unique role in supporting shared 1930s cultural ideologies. It questions how Three Centuries of American Art located and presented the heterogeneity of American culture in the 1930s to an international audience grappling with political instability. MoMA's curators created the most comprehensive exhibition to date of the history of American art with works from 1590 through 1938, and with over five hundred architectural models, drawings, films, paintings, photographs, prints, sculptures, and vernacular artworks. It argues that each of these successive actions—borrowing, display, canonization, publication, and reception—vested this artwork with additional, and at times, contradictory meanings that problematize our understanding of not just this exhibition's artworks but also other exhibitions that create histories of American art. With World War II on the horizon, these artworks took on new meaning as the embodiment of the United States.

In 1938, curators from the Museum of Modern Art installed their first international exhibition, Three Centuries of American Art, in Paris. This article examines the powerful role that museums played in constructing national art-historical narratives during the 1930s. It argues that the intertwining of art, political diplomacy, and canon formation uncovered by an analysis of the exhibition reveals American art's unique role in supporting shared 1930s cultural ideologies. It questions how Three Centuries of American Art located and presented the heterogeneity of American culture in the 1930s to an international audience grappling with political instability. MoMA's curators created the most comprehensive exhibition to date of the history of American art with works from 1590 through 1938, and with over five hundred architectural models, drawings, films, paintings, photographs, prints, sculptures, and vernacular artworks. It argues that each of these successive actions—borrowing, display, canonization, publication, and reception—vested this artwork with additional, and at times, contradictory meanings that problematize our understanding of not just this exhibition's artworks but also other exhibitions that create histories of American art. With World War II on the horizon, these artworks took on new meaning as the embodiment of the United States.

Chapter 1 Outline of the book: A perspective on the history of the game industry -- Chapter 2 The Birth of Computer Games:Prehistory of Japanese video game industry -- Chapter 3 Arcade Games (1) From Ele-mecha to Video Games: Birth of Space Invaders and Establishment of the Arcade Game Industry. Chapter 4 PC game (1) Establishment of 8-bit trinity -- Chapter 5 Home Games (1-1) Beyond Atari Shock: Birth of Family Computer -- Chapter 6 arcade game (2) revival from the shock of Businesses Affecting Public Morals Regulation Act -- Chapter 7 PC game (2) long-term administration of PC9801 and long stagnation -- Chapter 8. Home consoles (1-2) Family Computer and its successors -- Chapter 9 Drastic Change of Environment: Technological Revolution and Business Revolution -- Chapter 10 Arcade Games (3) The Impact of Virtua Fighters and Ridge Racer: Arcade Games Last Shine -- Chapter 11 PC Games (3) Birth of Windows 95, Recession of Domestic PC Game Makers, Birth of Online Games -- Chapter 12 home game (2) 3 big hard era -- Chapter 13 Home Game (3) Decline of Japan in game industry -- Chapter 14 PC games (4) Portable game consoles -- Chapter 15 Mobile Phone Games: The Growth of Social Games and Rapid Market Maturity -- Chapter 16 Now.