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Night Studies is a transdisciplinary field with works from different social and human sciences. Topics are very wide, and they cover a good number of geographical and social contexts, formal and informal practices, and behaviours. In this second edition, we pay attention to the current pandemic, but we encourage works reflecting on other issues related to the night. The current pandemic has highlighted the importance of invisible workers such as garbage collectors, transporters, emergency doctors and other professions who dedicate their nights to guarantee the well-being and the smooth functioning of life in society. But, it has also put other professionals related to the nightlife, food and beverage sector and workers in the cultural industry in check. With the emergency lockdown dictated by the different governments came the end of the social night. Consumption patterns changed, favouring the rise of a more precarious circular market. Job insecurity increased in every sector, but the industries associated with the night were devastated. The patrons of cultural activities turned to their online adaptations, as well as many arts and leisure professionals adapted their activity to streaming content (meanwhile, some were forced to change their profession or hibernate, waiting for the next night normality). The nights in the times of COVID-19 meant the reduction of the groups; and the physical distancing, digital proximity. However, some resistances have emerged, in form of informal gatherings occupying both public and private spaces during nighttime hours –e.g., raves, parallel party scenes or intimate parties between adults. Overnight enforcement, (bio)surveillance, and public security would gain new meaning during the pandemic. Also, this locked night required a new way for policing and managing the cities, finding different models and propositions. There are many different ways to approach the night and many issues that could be addressed in this conference. We invite all researchers, professionals, and artists to participate with their outstanding work. The 2nd International Conference on Night Studies was an international event that aimed to echo frontier research, artistic works and professional practices related to the study of the urban night in multiple contexts worldwide. This event aimed to be a platform for sharing ongoing or recent research, open a critical and interdisciplinary debate, and boost e-networking, bringing together academia and society. ICNS is a collaborative effort of the Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology (CIES-Iscte), the Interdisciplinary Center of Social Sciences (CICS.NOVA), the Institute of Sociology – University of Porto (ISUP) and the LXNIGHTS Network. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

AbstractThe article focuses on how emotions and passions – two related but somewhat different notions – are addressed in the field of international relations. As such it makes three main points. First, the article argues that, although presupposed in mainstream international relations, because of the influence of positivism emotions and passions have tended to be overlooked. Second, it makes the point that in recent years scholars with constructivist leanings have been increasingly interested in taking emotions and passions seriously as an academic area of research. Third, and finally, the article concludes that despite the progress made in the 2000s on the understanding of emotions and passions in international relations, more work remains to be done. As such it outlines future directions of research.

The Eastern Airlines Collection, 1927-2008 (bulk 1965-2008), consists of news clippings, press releases, newsletters, annual reports, monthly reports, correspondence, memoranda, photographs, slides, an early scrapbook (or day book), artifacts (promotional items) and audiovisual materials. This collection mainly provides insight into publicity and outreach efforts at Eastern Airlines, but also its history, charitable work, and day-to-day operations. The materials were accumulated by Carolyn Lee Wills, who worked in the Public Relations Department of Eastern's Southern Regional Office from 1965 until 1987. ; Carolyn Lee Wills graduated from Georgia State University, where she studied journalism, history and speech. She also participated in many extra-curricular activities including Panhellenic Council, Delta Zeta Sorority, and yearbook. Before she began her work at Eastern Airlines, she traveled extensively throughout Europe, Asia, North and South America, Jamaica, the Bahamas, and Bermuda.; In 1965, Wills joined Eastern Airlines as a Representative of Women's Activities. In this role, she interpreted the company's program to women by working in the fields of fashion, radio, television, public relations, and promotions. In 1971, Wills became made Regional Manager of Public Relations. Eastern Airlines closed its Atlanta offices in November 1973, but found it difficult to cover their public relations needs in Atlanta from their headquarters in Miami. Four months after closing, Wills was re-hired by Eastern to manage the Southern Division covering Atlanta to Tokyo. While employed by Eastern Airlines, Wills served on many boards including American Women in Radio and Television, Georgia State University Alumni Association, and was a national representative of Delta Zeta Sorority. In 1966, she married attorney Charles H. Wills. The earliest incarnation of Eastern Airlines was Pitcairn Aviation, founded in 1927, which was the U.S. Postal Service contractor flying from New York to Atlanta. In 1930, the carrier was sold to North American Aviation owner Clement Keys and was renamed Eastern Air Transport. It soon added passenger routes and adopted the name Eastern Air Lines. Throughout the pre-World War II era, Eastern dominated passenger travel and air transport along the Atlantic coast, including the introduction of one-day service from New York to Miami in 1932. Famed pilot Eddie Rickenbacker bought the company in 1938 and was closely identified with it until his 1963 retirement. During the air travel boom of the 1950s and 1960s, Eastern Airlines grew into one of the ""Big Four"" United States carriers, enhancing its status as the lead air travel carrier on domestic east coast flights with the introduction of air shuttle service in 1961. Shuttle service was created as an alternative to bus routes and included hourly flights from Atlanta to Washington D.C., New York, and Boston. During this time, Eastern Airlines also expanded international service to Mexico, Bermuda, Puerto Rico, and Canada. Under the leadership of former astronaut Frank Borman (hired as an advisor in 1969, he became Chief Executive Officer in 1975), Eastern Airlines enjoyed continued successes in the industry until the enactment of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978.; Beginning with Eastern's early U.S. Postal Service government contract, the company had relied upon the regulated and protective policies governing the airline industry. Without government protection, Eastern's profits began to make a downward turn that eventually culminated in the selling of the company to Texas Air International, headed by Frank Lorenzo. Following deregulation, Lorenzo was able to purchase multiple airlines including Continental, Frontier, New York Air, and Eastern. To cut costs in the midst of declining profits, Lorenzo asked Eastern's union employees to take massive pay cuts in wages and benefits. Union workers refused to accept Lorenzo's demands and opted to go on strike. By claiming bankruptcy in 1989, Lorenzo was able to hire non-union workers to fill the jobs of striking employees. Lorenzo took his demands a step further when he asked the machinists' union to take a pay cut, which resulted in another strike that dealt the final blow to any hope that Eastern Airlines would recover lost profits. In 1991, Eastern Airlines was permanently grounded. Eastern's main hubs in Atlanta and Miami were taken over by various competitors and its concourses in New York and Newark were demolished.

The Eastern Airlines Collection, 1927-2008 (bulk 1965-2008), consists of news clippings, press releases, newsletters, annual reports, monthly reports, correspondence, memoranda, photographs, slides, an early scrapbook (or day book), artifacts (promotional items) and audiovisual materials. This collection mainly provides insight into publicity and outreach efforts at Eastern Airlines, but also its history, charitable work, and day-to-day operations. The materials were accumulated by Carolyn Lee Wills, who worked in the Public Relations Department of Eastern's Southern Regional Office from 1965 until 1987. ; Carolyn Lee Wills graduated from Georgia State University, where she studied journalism, history and speech. She also participated in many extra-curricular activities including Panhellenic Council, Delta Zeta Sorority, and yearbook. Before she began her work at Eastern Airlines, she traveled extensively throughout Europe, Asia, North and South America, Jamaica, the Bahamas, and Bermuda.; In 1965, Wills joined Eastern Airlines as a Representative of Women's Activities. In this role, she interpreted the company's program to women by working in the fields of fashion, radio, television, public relations, and promotions. In 1971, Wills became made Regional Manager of Public Relations. Eastern Airlines closed its Atlanta offices in November 1973, but found it difficult to cover their public relations needs in Atlanta from their headquarters in Miami. Four months after closing, Wills was re-hired by Eastern to manage the Southern Division covering Atlanta to Tokyo. While employed by Eastern Airlines, Wills served on many boards including American Women in Radio and Television, Georgia State University Alumni Association, and was a national representative of Delta Zeta Sorority. In 1966, she married attorney Charles H. Wills. The earliest incarnation of Eastern Airlines was Pitcairn Aviation, founded in 1927, which was the U.S. Postal Service contractor flying from New York to Atlanta. In 1930, the carrier was sold to North American Aviation owner Clement Keys and was renamed Eastern Air Transport. It soon added passenger routes and adopted the name Eastern Air Lines. Throughout the pre-World War II era, Eastern dominated passenger travel and air transport along the Atlantic coast, including the introduction of one-day service from New York to Miami in 1932. Famed pilot Eddie Rickenbacker bought the company in 1938 and was closely identified with it until his 1963 retirement. During the air travel boom of the 1950s and 1960s, Eastern Airlines grew into one of the ""Big Four"" United States carriers, enhancing its status as the lead air travel carrier on domestic east coast flights with the introduction of air shuttle service in 1961. Shuttle service was created as an alternative to bus routes and included hourly flights from Atlanta to Washington D.C., New York, and Boston. During this time, Eastern Airlines also expanded international service to Mexico, Bermuda, Puerto Rico, and Canada. Under the leadership of former astronaut Frank Borman (hired as an advisor in 1969, he became Chief Executive Officer in 1975), Eastern Airlines enjoyed continued successes in the industry until the enactment of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978.; Beginning with Eastern's early U.S. Postal Service government contract, the company had relied upon the regulated and protective policies governing the airline industry. Without government protection, Eastern's profits began to make a downward turn that eventually culminated in the selling of the company to Texas Air International, headed by Frank Lorenzo. Following deregulation, Lorenzo was able to purchase multiple airlines including Continental, Frontier, New York Air, and Eastern. To cut costs in the midst of declining profits, Lorenzo asked Eastern's union employees to take massive pay cuts in wages and benefits. Union workers refused to accept Lorenzo's demands and opted to go on strike. By claiming bankruptcy in 1989, Lorenzo was able to hire non-union workers to fill the jobs of striking employees. Lorenzo took his demands a step further when he asked the machinists' union to take a pay cut, which resulted in another strike that dealt the final blow to any hope that Eastern Airlines would recover lost profits. In 1991, Eastern Airlines was permanently grounded. Eastern's main hubs in Atlanta and Miami were taken over by various competitors and its concourses in New York and Newark were demolished.

A -- Abigail Adams National Bancorp, Inc. -- Abrams Industries Inc. -- Air Canada -- Analogic Corporation -- Anam Group -- AR Accessories Group, Inc. -- Atari Corporation -- Atlanta Gas Light Company -- The Atlantic Group -- Azcon Corporation -- B -- Bank Austria AG -- Battle Mountain Gold Company -- Bayernwerk AG -- Beckett Papers -- Best Buy Co., Inc. -- BIC Corporation -- The Bon Marche, Inc. -- Bowne & Co., Inc. -- Brazos Sportswear, Inc. -- Brenntag AG -- Bristol Hotel Company -- Broadcast Music Inc. -- Brown & Haley -- Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Co. -- Burda Holding GmbH. & Co. -- The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc. -- Burelle S.A. -- Butterick Co., Inc. -- C -- Cadmus Communications Corporation -- Carolina Power & Light Company -- Central Garden & Pet Company -- Central Independent Television -- Chick-fil-A Inc. -- The Chronicle Publishing Company, Inc. -- Cineplex Odeon Corporation -- Cinnabon Inc. -- Clear Channel Communications, Inc. -- Comsat Corporation -- Comshare Inc. -- Continental General Tire Corp. -- Cooper Tire & Rubber Company -- Copart Inc. -- The Copley Press, Inc. -- Corrections Corporation of America -- Cowles Media Company -- Cunard Line Ltd. -- D -- Del Monte Foods Company -- DeMoulas / Market Basket Inc. -- Desc, S.A. de C.V. -- The Dial Corp. -- Dollar Tree Stores, Inc. -- E -- Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. -- El Al Israel Airlines Ltd. -- Ethicon, Inc. -- F -- Fieldale Farms Corporation -- Fisons plc -- Florida Progress Corporation -- FoodBrands America, Inc. -- Foster Wheeler Corporation -- Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. -- Fred's, Inc. -- Fromageries Bel -- G -- Galeries Lafayette S.A. -- Giant Cement Holding, Inc. -- Grand Hotel Krasnapolsky N.V. -- Groupe Castorama-Dubois Investissements -- Groupe Legris Industries -- Groupe Yves Saint Laurent -- Guerlain -- The Gunlocke Company -- Guyenne et Gascogne -- H -- Handy & Harman -- Hankyu Corporation -- Hanna-Barbera Cartoons Inc. -- Harris Teeter Inc. -- Harry's Farmers Market Inc. -- Hitchiner Manufacturing Co., Inc. -- Holdingmaatschappij De Telegraaf, N.V. -- Home Box Office Inc. -- Hongkong Electric Holdings Ltd. -- I -- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. -- Insurance Auto Auctions, Inc. -- Isuzu Motors, Ltd. -- J -- Jacor Communications, Inc. -- Jacuzzi Inc. -- Jason Incorporated -- The Jim Henson Company -- Johnstown America Industries, Inc. -- Jordache Enterprises, Inc. -- K -- Kaufhof Warenhaus AG -- King & Spalding -- L -- Lamb Weston, Inc. -- LeaRonal, Inc. -- Lehigh Portland Cement Company -- LensCrafters Inc. -- L'Entreprise Jean Lefebvre -- M -- Margarete Steiff GmbH -- Mazda Motor Corporation -- McClatchy Newspapers, Inc. -- Meier & Frank Co. -- Mirror Group Newspapers plc -- Mitsubishi Motors Corporation -- N -- Nash Finch Company -- Novell, Inc. -- O -- Office Depot Incorporated -- P -- Papeteries de Lancey -- Pathmark Stores, Inc. -- P.C. Richard & Son Corp. -- Perdue Farms Inc. -- Philippine Airlines, Inc. -- Pilgrim's Pride Corporation -- Playmates Toys -- PolyGram N.V. -- Publishers Clearing House -- Putt-Putt Golf Courses of America, Inc. -- R -- R. Griggs Group Limited -- Rainier Brewing Company -- Red Apple Group, Inc. -- Reno Air Inc. -- Rhodes Inc. -- Rodale Press, Inc. -- Royal Crown Company, Inc. -- S -- S&K Famous Brands, Inc. -- Seita -- ServiceMaster Inc. -- Sheldahl Inc. -- Shoney's, Inc. -- SilverPlatter Information Inc. -- Southwire Company, Inc. -- Sport Supply Group, Inc. -- Stinnes AG -- SunTrust Banks Inc. -- Suzuki Motor Corporation -- Swisher International Group Inc. -- T -- Taco Cabana, Inc. -- Tatung Co. -- Taylor Made Golf Co. -- Television Francaise 1 -- True North Communications Inc. -- Trump Organization -- The Turner Corporation -- Tyler Corporation -- V -- Valeo -- Varta AG -- Viacom Inc. -- W -- Wendy's International, Inc. -- Westwood One, Inc. -- William Morris Agency, Inc. -- Wolverine Tube Inc. -- Wood-Mode, Inc.