Suchergebnisse

English translation of an Arabic guide to political behaviour and expediency offers advice to Sufi shaykhs, or spiritual guides, on how to interact and negotiate with powerful secular officials, judges, and treasurers, or emirs, providing insight into the relationship between spiritual and political authority in late medieval/early modern Islamic society and early modern Egypt.

Building on Benedict Anderson's idea about the nation being a fictive construct—an imagined community of people who see themselves as sovereign, exclusive, and one with a shared history—this article examines how the race-based opposition between 'Saxons' and 'Normans' in histories about the Angevin period was popularized in the 19th century, and how this idea was integrated into the stories of three popular films in the following century: The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), Ivanhoe (1952), and Becket (1964). To better understand this phenomenon, this article uses the term 'cinematic imaginary' to convey how the shared institutions, values, and histories that constituted 'medieval' nationhood were depicted in film. This article argues that, much like how historians and novelists of the 19th century imagined how people of certain races in medieval England—particularly during the period of the Angevin Empire (c. 1154–1216)—operated according to set of values and embodied certain attributes, so too did filmmakers in midcentury Hollywood bend the categories of 'Saxon' and 'Norman' to align with their conceptions of race, nation, and class conflict in the 20th century. Through an examination of these imaginaries in popular cinema, this article illuminates how 20th-century interpretations of history were presented to audiences to convey a set of ideas about a medieval past in light of modern class struggle, imperialism, racism, and nationalism.Banner image taken from The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). Copyright Warner Bros, all rights reserved. Image source: www.intofilm.org/films/3539/.

The unique historical relationship between capitalism and the Jews is crucial to understanding modern European and Jewish history. But the subject has been addressed less often by mainstream historians than by anti-Semites or apologists. In this book Jerry Muller, a leading historian of capitalism, separates myth from reality to explain why the Jewish experience with capitalism has been so important and complex--and so ambivalent. Drawing on economic, social, political, and intellectual history from medieval Europe through contemporary America and Israel, Capitalism and the Jews examines th

Despite appearances, the history of the Balş family, one of the most important families of
medieval and modern Moldavia, still offers historians a rich field of work. With this article,
which starts from the Balş Family Register ("Condica de la Dumbrăveni"), which was the
basis for the family tree of 1813, I shed some light on the history of the Balş family in the
18th and early 19th centuries and publish some of the unknown documents that
I considered most important (wills, dowry papers and estate divisions).

While it is never wise to read the Vitae sanctorum as strictly historical accounts, we must be cognizant of the medieval hagiographers' frequent efforts to transform political history into theological and spiritual history. Thus did the authors and redactors of the vaiious texts concerning saints Boris and Gleb seek to project a piously viable and ideologically useful Christian argument for the sanctity of these princes who had perished in the course of the protracted civil war following the death of Prince Vladimir Sviatoslavich of Kiev (d. 1015).

Preliminary Material -- Introduction -- I Nicolo Leoniceno between the Arabo-Latin Tradition and the Renaissance of the Greek Commentators -- II Jean Fernel and His Christian Platonic Interpretation of Galen -- III Jacob Schegk on the Plastic Faculty and the Origin of Souls -- IV Cornelius Gemma and His Neoplatonic Reading of Hippocrates -- V Fortunio Liceti against Marsilio Ficino on the World-Soul and the Origin of Life -- VI Daniel Sennert on Living Atoms, Hylomorphism and Spontaneous Generation -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- Bibliography -- Index.

During the Ancient Greek and Roman eras, participation in political communities at the local level, and assertion of belonging to these communities, were among the fundamental principles and values on which societies would rely. For that reason, citizenship and democracy are generally considered as concepts typical of the political experience of Classical Antiquity. These concepts of citizenship and democracy are often seen as inconsistent with the political, social, and ideological context of the late and post-Roman world. As a result, scholarship has largely overlooked participation in local political communities when it comes to the period between the disintegration of the Classical model of local citizenship in the later Roman Empire and the emergence of 'pre-communal' entities in Northern Italy from the ninth century onwards.

By reassessing the period c. 300-1000 ce through the concepts of civic identity and civic participation, this volume will address both the impact of Classical heritage with regard to civic identities in the political experiences of the late and post-Roman world, and the rephrasing of new forms of social and political partnership according to ethnic or religious criteria in the early Middle Ages. Starting from the earlier imperial background, the fourteen chapters examine the ways in which people shared identity and gave shape to their communal life, as well as the role played by the people in local government in the later Roman Empire, the Germanic kingdoms, Byzantium, the early Islamic world, and the early medieval West. By focusing on the post-Classical, late antique, and early medieval periods, this volume intends to be an innovative contribution to the general history of citizenship and democracy.

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- INTRODUCTION. THE BENEFITS AND COSTS OF INTERDEPENDENCE -- CHAPTER ONE. LATE MEDIEVAL MONETARY POLICIES: THE ECONOMICS OF BULLIONISM -- CHAPTER TWO. THE WAR OF THE GOLD 'NOBLES': ANGLO-BURGUNDIAN MINT COMPETITION, 1384-1415 -- CHAPTER THREE. THE QUEST FOR THE GOLDEN FLEECE: FROM THE BATTLE OF AGINCOURT TO THE CALAIS BULLION LAWS, 1415-1429 -- CHAPTER FOUR. THE BURGUNDIAN REACTION: THE BAN ON ENGLISH CLOTH AND THE ANGLO-BURGUNDIAN WAR, 1430-1442 -- CHAPTER FIVE. THE RENEWAL OF THE STAPLE CONFLICT AND THE SECOND BURGUNDIAN CLOTH BAN, 1443-1460 -- CHAPTER SIX. THE THIRD BURGUNDIAN CLOTH BAN AND THE END OF THE BULLIONIST CONFLICT, 1460-1478 -- CONCLUSION. SOME CONCLUSIONS ON ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES: a Postscript and a Prelude -- APPENDIX I -- APPENDIX II -- APPENDIX III -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX

The chapters in this volume celebrate the work of Pauline Stafford, highlighting the ways in which it has advanced research in the fields of both Anglo-Saxon history and the history of medieval women and gender. Ranging across the period, and over much of the old Carolingian world as well as Anglo-Saxon England, they deal with such questions as the nature of kingship and queenship, fatherhood, elite gender relations, the transmission of property, the participation of women in lordship, slavery and warfare, and the nature of assemblies. Gender and historiography presents the fruits of groundbreaking research, inspired by Pauline Stafford.

The Dynamics of Military Revolution aims to bridge a major gap in the emerging literature on revolutions in military affairs, suggesting that there have been two very different phenomena at work over the past centuries: 'military revolutions', which are driven by vast social and political changes; and 'revolutions in military affairs', which military institutions have directed, although usually with great difficulty and ambiguous results. By providing both a conceptual framework and a historical context for thinking about revolutionary changes in military affairs, the work establishes a baseline for understanding the patterns of change, innovation, and adaptation that have marked war in the Western World since the thirteenth century - beginning with Edward III's revolutionary changes in medieval warfare, through the development of modern Western military institutions in seventeenth-century France, to the cataclysmic changes of the First World War and the German Blitzkrieg victories of 1940. This history provides a guide for thinking about military revolutions in the coming century, which are as inevitable as they are difficult to predict

Preliminary Material -- 1 Variant Traditions, Relative Chronology, and the Study of Intra-Quranic Parallels /Joseph Witztum -- 2 The Earliest Attestation of the Dhimma of God and His Messenger and the Rediscovery of P. Nessana 77 (60s ah/680 ce) /Robert Hoyland and Hannah Cotton -- 3 Jewish Christianity and Islamic Origins /Guy G. Stroumsa -- 4 A Note on the Relationship between Tafsīr and Common Understanding with Reference to Contracts of Marriage /Karen Bauer -- 5 "Earnest Money" and the Sources of Islamic Law /Gerald Hawting and David M. Eisenberg -- 6 "A Bequest May Not Exceed One-Third": An Isnād-cum-Matn Analysis and Beyond /Pavel Pavlovitch and David S. Powers -- 7 Basra and Kufa as the Earliest Centers of Islamic Legal Controversy /Christopher Melchert -- 8 God's Cleric: Al-Fuḍayl born ʿIyāḍ and the Transition from Caliphal to Prophetic Sunna /Deborah G. Tor -- 9 Aḥmad ibn Ṭūlūn and the Politics of Deference /Matthew S. Gordon -- 10 Eighth-Century Indian Astronomy in the Two Cities of Peace /Kevin van Bladel -- 11 Greek Language and Education under Early Islam /Maria Mavroudi -- 12 Kalām and the Greeks /Fritz W. Zimmermann -- 13 "Arabs" and "Iranians": The Uses of Ethnicity in the Early Abbasid Period /Michael Cooperson -- 14 The Poetics of Cultural Identity: Al-Mutanabbī among the Būyids /Margaret Larkin -- 15 Must God Tell Us the Truth? A Problem in Ashʿarī Theology /Khaled El-Rouayheb -- 16 Administrators' Time: The Social Memory of the Early Medieval State, East and West /Chris Wickham -- 17 An Eleventh-Century Justification of the Authority of Twelver Shiite Jurists /Devin J. Stewart -- 18 A Family Story: Ambiguities of Jewish Identity in Medieval Islam /David J. Wasserstein -- 19 What Happened in al-Andalus: Minorities in al-Andalus and in Christian Spain /David Abulafia -- 20 The Samaritan Version of the Esther Story /Adam Silverstein -- 21 New Evidence for the Survival of Sexually Libertine Rites among some Nuṣayrī-ʿAlawīs of the Nineteenth Century /Bella Tendler Krieger -- 22 Crone and the End of Orientalism /Chase F. Robinson -- Index.

Book Reviews in this ArticleH. Pirenne. Economic and Social History of Medieval Europe.Herbert Heaton. Economic History of Europe.Arthur Birnie. An Economic History of the British Isles.J. B. Black. The Reign of Elizabeth, 1558‐1603.Francis Bamford (Editor). A Royalist's Notebook.Gladys Scott‐Thompson. Life in a Noble Household, 1641‐1700.Richard Pares. War and Trade in the West Indies, 1759‐63.George Heberton Evans. British Corporation Finance, 1775‐1850.Bishop Carleton Hunt. The Development of the Business Corporation in England, 1800‐67.L. C. A. Knowles and C. M. Knowles. The Economic Development of the British Overseas Umpire. Volume Three: The Union of South Africa.M. H. de Kock. The Economic Development of South Africa.A. P. Newton, E. A. Benians, Eric A. Walker (Editors).

In July of 1998 the European Association for Jewish Studies celebrated its Sixth Congress in Toledo, with almost four hundred participants. In these Proceedings have been collected 169 papers and communications read during the conference. By and large, they offer a broad, realistic perspective on the advances, achievements and anxieties of Judaic Studies at the turn of the 20th century, on the eve of the new millennium. They represent the point of view of the European scholars, enriched with notable contributions by colleagues from other continents. One volume (ISBN 978-90-04-11554-5) includes papers dealing with Jewish studies on biblical, rabbinical and medieval times, as well as with some general subjects, such as Jewish languages and bibliography. A second volume (ISBN 978-90-04-11558-3) is dedicated to the Judaism of modern times, from the Renaissance to our days

Friendship and sociability in Aristotle / Julia Sihvola -- De amicitia : the role of age / Mary Harlow, Ray Laurence -- 'Let us join our hearts!' : the role and meaning of constructing kinship and friendship in Republican Rome / Ann-Cathrin Harders -- Women's participation in civic life : patronage and "motherhood" of Roman associations / Emily A. Hemelrijk -- Amicitia in the cult of Mithras : the setting and social functions of the Mithraic cult meal / Alison B. Griffith -- Friendship and asceticism in the late antique East / Antigone Samellas -- Early Christian communities as family networks : fertile virgins and celibate fathers / Ville Vuolanto -- Kinship and friendship in the Apophthegmata Patrum / Christian Laes -- Amicitia in the epistolary tradition : the case of Cassiodorus' Variae / M. Shane Bjornlie -- Eternal amicitia? : social and political relationships in the early medieval libri memoriales / Eva-Maria Butz -- The infinity of love : conceptions of joint death in medieval literature : (Amicus and Amelius vs. Tristan and Isold) / Silke Winst -- Fraternal rivalry and moral patronage / Jill Bradley -- A test of friendship : amicitia in the crusade ideology of the thirteenth century / Mikka Tamminen -- Gender networks and collaboration : pilgrimages in fourteenth-century canonization processes / Sari Katajala-Peltomaa -- Compulsory bonding : systemic friends and clients : objectifying inter-personal relationships in fifteenth-century urban Castile / José Antonio Jara Fuente