Suchergebnisse

Avocat de formation, traducteur de profession et sociologue à temps partiel, Léon Gérin a durablement marqué l'histoire de la sociologie d'ici. Reconnu comme le fondateur de la sociologie canadienne, il a laissé une oeuvre imposante et diversifiée, objet privilégié pour réfléchir aux conditions sociales d'émergence et de développement de la pensée sociologique aux 19eet 20e siècles. Ses écrits intéresseront aussi les chercheurs en sciences sociales préoccupés par l'épreuve empirique du réel et l'articulation entre l'expérience et le sens de la vie en société. Soulignant le 150e anniversaire de naissance du pionnier des études monographiques ou ethnographiques au Québec, ce texte introductif propose une réflexion générale sur la démarche scientifique de la sociologie du triple point de vue de l'enjeu social de connaissance (l'énigme du réel), de la définition de l'objet disciplinaire et de l'élaboration d'une théorie de la connaissance sociologique. Nous présentons en terminant les articles du numéro qui abordent tous, d'une manière ou d'une autre, ces trois aspects de la constitution de la sociologie.

This article examines several key aspects of maternity homes for 'unwed mothers' in order to understand the overwhelming phenomenon of single mothers giving up their babies for adoption in South Korea and its naturalization as a common practice. Drawing upon Foucault's concept of biopolitics, this article recasts maternity homes as an institution of biopolitical welfare and highlights two features of social governance that the maternity home extends over the population of single mothers and their children. First, I argue that this unique, non-governmental social service agency functions as a hub of biopolitical technologies, where multiple social, legal, economic, and political forces work in concert to curb single motherhood through the promotion of adoption via (1) containment, (2) classification, and (3) circulation. Second, attending to the intricate dynamics of maternity home practices, this article observes the ways in which a single mother relinquishes her motherhood via adoption and, in so doing, becomes a birthmother, a self-regulating and self-governable subject.

В статье анализируются дискуссии уральских историков по методологическим аспектам темы, проблем военного противостояния, повседневной жизни, социального поведения людей в период Гражданской войны. Автором отмечены основные направления, в которых ведут изыскания историки Урала, в том числе тема роли рабочих и крестьян в ходе революционных событий, детализация причин победы большевиков, роль информационной войны и значимость агитационных мероприятий, неоднородность социального положения уральских рабочих и их социальная позиция. ; The article reviews the debates of the Ural historians regarding the methodological aspects of the researches dealing with the Russian society of the Civil War period, in particular, the issues of military confrontation, daily life, social behaviour of people during the Civil War. The author highlights the key areas of the historical researches, including the role of workers and peasants in the revolutionary events, the specification of the grounds of the Bolsheviks' victory, the role of information war and importance of agitation campaigns, the heterogeneity of social status of Urals workers and their social attitudes.

Recent academic critiques of poverty have pointed to the need to pay more attention to the relations between the material, social, and cultural dimensions of poverty as well as to the lived worlds of those on low income. This paper addresses these themes by exploring the ways in which people living in situations of material poverty discuss their everyday lives. Drawing on survey and interview materials from a recent study of poverty in rural Wales, the paper illustrates how people on low income construct their lives more in relation to their social and cultural worlds than to issues of low income and material deprivation. Key findings from the study reveal important disconnections between material and sociocultural aspects of rural poverty, with community belonging and attachment to landscape appearing more significant than material hardship and social exclusion within poor people's narratives of their everyday lives. Community belonging is also bound up with particular moral discourses of welfare and rurality that act to perpetuate situations of material poverty within rural places.

This essay addresses theatre space as a distinct actualization of a social site, namely that collective organization that is formulated in the context of performative activity. It seeks to further the understanding of its operations in constituting agency and the collective by way of examining physical space as an experiential field. It proposes an approach and institutes the methodological tools to enable analysis of architectural space at an empirical level and in terms of its unmediated nonmediating effects, accessing the productive embedded in the corporeality of space–body relationships. Theatre space is examined and ascertained as a site through which realities of the social are grasped, and immediate bodily experience in and through space is confirmed as an authentic path of acquiring practical knowledge. Bearing on the conceptualization of built architectural space, as well as on the material practices of constituting and inhabiting space, this study concretizes less-charted aspects of sociospatial reciprocities, the physical and the social self, and discloses the experiential lying with built space as a means of cultural continuity.

This paper draws on two ethnographic research projects in Japanese university sports clubs to examine the role alcohol plays in the social and cultural education of students. Over the course of a four-year membership, the university sports club is a site where members learn to negotiate drinking. This negotiation is demonstrated by the range of strategies members employ when engaging in one of the many official drinking parties that punctuate the university sports club calendar. Knowing how to drink is seen as an important byproduct of being a member and this knowledge is acquired via the pedagogical relationships established between junior and senior members. On graduating university Japanese students are literally expected to become full members of society and it is the habitus related to social interaction (including drinking) rather than that related to sport, which has enduring capital. Alcohol plays a central role in many aspects of Japanese social interaction and the university sports club is a site par excellence for the training in and mastery of such skills.

This article focuses on participatory forms of capitalism, children's consumer desires and engagements with a game console. The Nintendo DS is needed in order to enter a gaming world where relationships are built between children and non-human objects with human-like capacities. The discussion proposes that playing a simulation game, Nintendogs, tells us a more general story about how social relations are affected and shaped by technologies. In order to understand consumer desires in a nuanced manner, how they are supported and how they become intensified in everyday discourse and practice, it is important to examine ways in which commodities sustain distributed agency and participate in chains of interaction. Together these different aspects open for scrutiny the fundamental ways in which commodities and consumer desires contribute to the production of human beings. On the one hand desire becomes manifest as longing for commodities and social recognition, on the other, it is also a form of self-preservation that promotes social engagements with various kinds of entities, real or imaginary.

Separation between economics and political science have long lasted so they are not able to provide the same conclusion about the analyzed object. Economics only examine market institutional aspects without touching nonmarket social institutions. Instead of political science is very poor framework for seeing the phenomenon of economic analysis on the basis of market institutions. Public choice perspective has become a bridge that can analyze problems outside the framework of the analysis, which is based on the phenomenon of the market. This is what allows the return encounter in economics and politics in a region so that the analysis of the development of social sciences in the future is no longer compartmentalized in strict discipline, not mutually exclusive and mutually reinforce with each other. As a result of this separation of science, the social sciences experienced a major crisis due to many new phenomena, which can not be captured perfectly by the two groups of scientists. Keywords: Economics, politics, perspective, public choice

In the Pauline letters a new rhetorical aspect of body is presented with the imagery of being clothed with a person, with Christ or a new a[nqrwpo" (Gal 3:27; Rom 13:14; Col 3:10; Eph 4:24). While body and clothing imagery was well-known in the ancient Mediterranean world, the picture of putting on a person is new with these passages. Clothing has implications for movement and identification, but there is also interweaving between body, mind and clothing related to how humans present themselves, how they interact socially, how they are empowered morally and politically, and how they produce rhetorical and political discourse. This essay offers a socio-rhetorical interpretation of the texts that speak of being clothed with a person, considering the implications for those who become so clothed. This clothing refashions bodies with new religious, social and political roles. Refashioned bodies become agents of social change. The new clothing makes new persons and a new social reality.

Worldviews consist of preconceptions about the nature of mind, knowledge, and meaning, and these assumptions influence theorizing about human development and the interpretation of research. We outline two contrasting worldviews - dualist versus relational - and explicate the implications of such preconceptions for studying the development of pointing gestures. Pointing is a pivotal social skill that is an aspect of social understanding, as well as a foundational form of interaction for language. In studying the development of pointing it is possible to observe how infants develop the social skills required to convey meaning in human ways. Thus, this is an area in which to examine the nature and development of meaning, and an adequate conception of meaning is necessary for theories of language and cognition. We argue that dualist approaches have problems that can be avoided by adopting a relational worldview and the relational developmental systems framework that follows from it, which we suggest is a fruitful approach to theorizing about human development.

ABSTRACTThis article explores conceptual and empirical aspects of the social exclusion/inclusion debate in later life, with a particular focus on issues of place and space in urban settings. Exploratory findings are reported from two empirical studies in Belgium and England, which sought to examine experiences of social exclusion and inclusion among people aged 60 and over living in deprived inner-city neighbourhoods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with an ethnically diverse sample of 102 older people in Belgium and 124 in England. Thematic analysis of interview data identifies four issues in relation to the neighbourhood dimension of social exclusion/inclusion in later life: experiences of community change; feelings of security and safety; the management of urban space; and strategies of control. The results suggest that neighbourhoods have a significant influence on shaping the experience of exclusion and inclusion in later life, with a number of similarities identified across the different study areas. The article concludes by discussing conceptual and policy issues raised by the research.

Rashid Jahan's writings in Angaare boldly challenged the oppression of the women of the Muslim elite and took issue with the implications of patriarchy and faith. Though Muslim women writers were indeed suggesting reform in domestic and social life, Rashid Jahan's bold attack on cherished aspects of Muslim culture and social setup marked an important departure, bringing issues of the body and sexuality to the agenda of reform. This article examines her feminist concerns and the radical thrust towards social justice that marks her writings. The coming together of the Angaare group reflects the impact of intellectual and political currents on the Muslim youth of the period. Aligarh, though not a hub for nationalist and radical politics, still afforded spaces for alternative thought, which obviously did not go uncontested. The present article seeks to contextualise Rashid Jahan's writings within the Aligarh Movement, looking at the relations between modernist reforms and the nascent feminism represented by Rashid Jahan and the Progressive Writers' Movement.

Статья посвящена анализу экономического аспекта социальной составляющей сущности человека. При любом, в том числе и экономическом, анализе общества, следует учитывать именно все многообразие мотивов и качеств человека. Достижение экономической выгоды не должно приводить к социальным потрясениям, к росту бездуховности общества, к глобальным экологическим проблемам. Поэтому одним из важнейших понятий экономических наук, экономической философии, экономической социологии, экономической антропологии и других смежных наук должно стать понятие оптимума как связующего звена между собственно экономическими, политическими, социальными и духовными целями и интересами человека. ; The article is concerned with economic aspect of social element in human being. Performing any kind of analysis, including economical analysis, it is important to consider the whole variety of human's motives and personality. The process of reaping economic benefit shouldn't be resulted in social disruption, earthliness and global ecological problems. Therefore, the concept of optimum as a link between economical, political, social and spiritual aims and human's interests, should become one of the most important concepts in economics, economic philosophy, economic sociology, economic anthropology and other allied sciences.

В статье, на примере Западного Забайкалья (Республика Бурятия), на фоне общей колонизации Сибири, аграрного кризиса и обострения капиталистических противоречий, рассматривается аграрный вопрос как один из важнейших аспектов общественно-политической жизни России начала ХХ в. предтечи революции 1905-1907 гг. и социального переворота 1917 г. При этом дается оценка административно-земельной реформе, резко ухудшившей жизнь коренного населения, показана огромная роль развития общественно-политической мысли, пролетарского и национального движения в борьбе за землю. ; In the article the agrarian movement in the West Trans-Baikal (modern Republic of Buryatia), one of the most important of all the aspects of social and political life of Russia at the beginning of XX century that preceded revolution of 1905-1907 and the events of 1917, is examined. The problems of administrative and agrarian reforms that have sharpened social contradictions and made worse the aboriginal people's life, are examined. The important role of social and political thought and workers' and national movement in the struggle for the land is shown as well