South Africa's transition to a democratic order is especially threatened by the strongly contested areas of the place of ethnicity and of regionalism within the new order. This article investigates the most threatening manifestations of such conflict, especially as it relates to the KwaZulu-Natal province, and suggests that legitimate concerns over identity and decentralisation have to be addressed. (SAJIA/DÜI)
Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate whether or not inflation in South Africa is a structural or monetary phenomenon. Study Design: Case Study. Place and Duration of Study: South Africa. Time series data ranging from 1965 to 2006. Methodology: The study employs unit root testing, co-integration analysis, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) regression, Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression, Error Correction Model and pair wise Granger Causality Test technique to analyze annual time series data from South Africa. Results: The findings suggest that in the short run, openness of the South African economy, nominal interest rate, inflation in USA, broad money supply and government spending are not likely to influence prices in South Africa. Instead, the paper finds GDP as a significant determinant of prices in South Africa in the short run. In the long run without controlling for structural breaks, openness of the South African economy to the rest of the world, inflation in the USA, GDP, broad money supply and size of government are significant determinants of inflation in South Africa. However, when we control for the Asian stock market crash and the collapse of the apartheid system, only openness of the South African economy to the rest of the world and broad money supply are the significant determinants of inflation. Nominal interest rate is not a significant determinant of inflation in South Africa. Granger Causality Tests reveal that there is uni-directional causality from inflation in the USA and GDP to inflation in South Africa as well as from inflation to broad money supply in South Africa. Conclusion: The study contends that inflation in South Africa is a structural as well as monetary phenomenon. To the extent that inflation in the USA as well as openness of the South African economy to the rest of the world demonstrates robust influence on inflation in South Africa, it is submitted that policy makers in South Africa could moderate inflation by strengthening international competitiveness ...
"Warming of the climate system is unequivocal". (IPCCa, 2007) Climate change is gaining momentum and is (becoming) the most important issue for the governments and peoples of the world. In relation to Angola* (IPCC, 2007), the following points (with focus on water) show the great risks ahead: • "Droughts have mainly affected the Sahel, the Horn of Africa and southern Africa, particularly since the end of the 1960s" • "Eastern and southern African countries are also characterised by water stress brought about by climate variability and wider governance issues " • For southern Africa and with the A2 emissions scenario, it was "found for the 2080s a 3.7°C increase in summer (December to February) mean surface air temperature and a 4°C increase in winter (June to August)." (the actual values are less than 1/3) • "… winter (June to August) rainfall will very probably decrease in much of southern Africa, especially in the extreme west (up to 40%)…" (Figure 1) • "… almost all countries except South Africa will probably experience a significant reduction in stream flow." • "Northern and southern Africa, however, are expected to have [agricultural] losses of 0.4 to ...
The impact of negotiation politics introduced by Nelson Mandela & Frederik W. De Klerk in 1990 is analyzed in relation to factors of restitution & ethnicity. Restitution resolves past political injustices, while ethnicity proves to be a synthesizing force in reformed South African society. Controversy regarding individual privacy & the state's role in protecting human rights is discussed, & restitution is proposed as a healing process moving in the direction of justice & peace. The Commission of Truth & Reconciliation serves a need for public disclosure of acts of injustice committed by both the former government & the African National Congress. However, in addition to exposure of injustice, reparations, apologies, & forgiveness are needed to further the healing process. Ethnicity must be discussed in a manner that takes into account its past exploitation. Connotations of symbols of apartheid society & the new South African government are discussed. Acknowledgment of minority rights in multiethnic South Africa by three opposing political parties is determined to be a vital factor in the nation's stability. 26 References. M. Grounds
Natural resources have, since the beginning of time, played a central role in supporting human wellbeing. In southern Africa resource consumption has drastically increased over the past 50 years, resulting in biodiversity loss and land degradation. To reduce land degradation and biodiversity loss rates in the region, great emphasis has been placed on building effective governance structures that can deliver environmentally and socially sustainable outcomes. However, environmental governance continues to be a major challenge in the management and conservation of natural resources in the region. Thus, there is renewed scientific and policy interest in strengthening the capacity of governance systems. This thesis is timely; there is an increasing desire by policymakers and land users in the region to develop governance options that enhance multi-actor participation and collaboration. Therefore, this thesis explores the dynamics that influence the capacity of natural resource governance systems in southern Africa, predominately in Machubeni, South Africa (chapters 3 and 4) and in State forests in Zimbabwe (chapter 5). To achieve this aim, four stand-alone manuscripts that answer the following questions are included: 1. How have governance challenges manifested in natural resource management between 2010 and 2020 in southern Africa? 2. How were the governance objectives and attributes applied per historical period and what were the influencing drivers? a. What key drivers influenced rangeland condition over time in Machubeni? 3. How have multi-actor ties changed since the external investment in landscape governance and management in Machubeni, South Africa? 4. What role has agency played in the effectiveness of co-management initiatives in southern Africa? To answer the questions, I applied Bennett and Satterfield's practical framework for understanding the objectives, attributes and elements of governance and Archer's ii morphogenetic framework. The study employed a mixed-methods approach which included a scoping ...
