Suchergebnisse

After the fall of the communist regimes and the Soviet collapse in the East of Europe, transcendental transformations happened. With the basic curtain of the economic transitions, political and social, the fury of the emigration coming from these countries untied, towards the developed countries of the EU. Between the multiple types of emigrations that were realised from the Nineties, within the industry of the migration, appeared in the scene, the darkest face of immigration to irregular: the traffic of women. The article analyzes from a social perspective the phenomenon of the traffic of originating women in Rumania, with Spain destiny, Community of Madrid. We analyze the situation in the origin, the organization of the traffic and the dramatic situation of the victims in the destiny. The author considers that in spite of the difficulties at the time of measuring and quantifying the traffic of women, it is important to realise the approach to the victim to know the reality on this black face and hides of international immigration. ; Tras la caída de los regímenes comunistas y el desplome soviético en el Este de Europa, ocurrieron transformaciones trascendentales. Con el telón de fondo de las transiciones económicas, políticas y sociales, aumentó de la emigración procedente de estos países, hacia los países desarrollados de la UE. Entre los múltiples tipos de emigraciones que se realizaron a partir de los años noventa, apareció en el escenario, la cara más oscura de la inmigración irregular: el tráfico de mujeres. El artículo analiza desde una perspectiva social el fenómeno del tráfico de mujeres procedentes en Rumanía, con destino España, Comunidad de Madrid. Se analiza el contexto, la situación en el origen, la organización del tráfico y la dramática situación de las víctimas en el destino. La autora considera que a pesar de las dificultades a la hora de medir y cuantificar el tráfico de mujeres, es importante realizar la aproximación a la víctima para conocer la realidad sobre esta cara negra y oculta de la ...

The main purpose of this study is to determine the organisation of the Russian market of French fashion in the XVlllth-XIXth centuries, to analyse its development and the factors that influence it. First created artificially by Peter the Great's decrees on dress, the demand for the European outfits becomes natural in the context of gallomania. However, the consumption is mainly narrow and aristocratic because of the high cost of the imported fashion goods. Russia represents an important outlet for the French manufacturer as it consumes a large part of silk and other fashion products. The Russian market is not limited to the direct exports shown in the statistics which underestimate its importance, it also involves a big traffic that transits via Germany, and the illicit flows. The imports of French luxury goods contradict the interests of the Russian authorities that try to control them in order to stimulate the national industries. The market develops under the influence of the protectionist customs policy of Russian Empire and the wars that make it unstable, especially for the manufacturers and merchants. Despite the fact that the exchanges are often disrupted, they never stop. The links between the French manufacturers and the Russian consumers have turned to be stronger than the legislative compulsions and international conflicts. The adaptation of the Russian market to the difficult circumstances takes place through the appearance of new trade channels, both legal and illegal that make the laws of offer and demand triumph. ; L'enjeu de l'étude est de saisir l'organisation du marché russe des modes françaises au XVIIIe-XIXe siècles, d'analyser son évolution et les facteurs dont il est tributaire. Créée artificiellement par les lois vestimentaires de Pierre le Grand, la demande pour les toilettes européennes devient naturelle dans le contexte de la gallomanie. Cependant, la consommation reste principalement étroite et aristocratique en raison de la valeur élevée des produits de mode importés. Pour les fabricants français, la Russie représente un débouché incontournable qui consomme une partie importante des soieries et autres articles de mode. Le marché russe ne se résume pas aux exportations directes indiquées dans statistiques qui sous-estiment son importance, il englobe également un vaste trafic indirect qui transite via l'Allemagne, mais aussi les flux illégaux. L'importation considérable des marchandises françaises de luxe contredit les intérêts des autorités russes qui s'efforcent de la contrôler afin de stimuler les industries nationales. Le marché évolue sous l'impact de la politique douanière protectionniste de l'Empire russe et les guerres qui le rendent instable, en particulier pour les fabricants et les commerçants. Si les échanges sont régulièrement perturbés, ils ne se rompent pas. Les liens entre les fabricants français et les consommateurs russes se révèlent plus forts que les contraintes législatives et les conflits internationaux. L'adaptation du marché russe aux circonstances défavorables passe par la mise en place de nouveaux circuits, légaux ou illicites qui permettent de faire triompher les lois de l'offre et de la demande.

The main purpose of this study is to determine the organisation of the Russian market of French fashion in the XVlllth-XIXth centuries, to analyse its development and the factors that influence it. First created artificially by Peter the Great's decrees on dress, the demand for the European outfits becomes natural in the context of gallomania. However, the consumption is mainly narrow and aristocratic because of the high cost of the imported fashion goods. Russia represents an important outlet for the French manufacturer as it consumes a large part of silk and other fashion products. The Russian market is not limited to the direct exports shown in the statistics which underestimate its importance, it also involves a big traffic that transits via Germany, and the illicit flows. The imports of French luxury goods contradict the interests of the Russian authorities that try to control them in order to stimulate the national industries. The market develops under the influence of the protectionist customs policy of Russian Empire and the wars that make it unstable, especially for the manufacturers and merchants. Despite the fact that the exchanges are often disrupted, they never stop. The links between the French manufacturers and the Russian consumers have turned to be stronger than the legislative compulsions and international conflicts. The adaptation of the Russian market to the difficult circumstances takes place through the appearance of new trade channels, both legal and illegal that make the laws of offer and demand triumph. ; L'enjeu de l'étude est de saisir l'organisation du marché russe des modes françaises au XVIIIe-XIXe siècles, d'analyser son évolution et les facteurs dont il est tributaire. Créée artificiellement par les lois vestimentaires de Pierre le Grand, la demande pour les toilettes européennes devient naturelle dans le contexte de la gallomanie. Cependant, la consommation reste principalement étroite et aristocratique en raison de la valeur élevée des produits de mode importés. Pour les fabricants français, la Russie représente un débouché incontournable qui consomme une partie importante des soieries et autres articles de mode. Le marché russe ne se résume pas aux exportations directes indiquées dans statistiques qui sous-estiment son importance, il englobe également un vaste trafic indirect qui transite via l'Allemagne, mais aussi les flux illégaux. L'importation considérable des marchandises françaises de luxe contredit les intérêts des autorités russes qui s'efforcent de la contrôler afin de stimuler les industries nationales. Le marché évolue sous l'impact de la politique douanière protectionniste de l'Empire russe et les guerres qui le rendent instable, en particulier pour les fabricants et les commerçants. Si les échanges sont régulièrement perturbés, ils ne se rompent pas. Les liens entre les fabricants français et les consommateurs russes se révèlent plus forts que les contraintes législatives et les conflits internationaux. L'adaptation du marché russe aux circonstances défavorables passe par la mise en place de nouveaux circuits, légaux ou illicites qui permettent de faire triompher les lois de l'offre et de la demande.

The main purpose of this study is to determine the organisation of the Russian market of French fashion in the XVlllth-XIXth centuries, to analyse its development and the factors that influence it. First created artificially by Peter the Great's decrees on dress, the demand for the European outfits becomes natural in the context of gallomania. However, the consumption is mainly narrow and aristocratic because of the high cost of the imported fashion goods. Russia represents an important outlet for the French manufacturer as it consumes a large part of silk and other fashion products. The Russian market is not limited to the direct exports shown in the statistics which underestimate its importance, it also involves a big traffic that transits via Germany, and the illicit flows. The imports of French luxury goods contradict the interests of the Russian authorities that try to control them in order to stimulate the national industries. The market develops under the influence of the protectionist customs policy of Russian Empire and the wars that make it unstable, especially for the manufacturers and merchants. Despite the fact that the exchanges are often disrupted, they never stop. The links between the French manufacturers and the Russian consumers have turned to be stronger than the legislative compulsions and international conflicts. The adaptation of the Russian market to the difficult circumstances takes place through the appearance of new trade channels, both legal and illegal that make the laws of offer and demand triumph. ; L'enjeu de l'étude est de saisir l'organisation du marché russe des modes françaises au XVIIIe-XIXe siècles, d'analyser son évolution et les facteurs dont il est tributaire. Créée artificiellement par les lois vestimentaires de Pierre le Grand, la demande pour les toilettes européennes devient naturelle dans le contexte de la gallomanie. Cependant, la consommation reste principalement étroite et aristocratique en raison de la valeur élevée des produits de mode importés. Pour les ...

The main purpose of this study is to determine the organisation of the Russian market of French fashion in the XVlllth-XIXth centuries, to analyse its development and the factors that influence it. First created artificially by Peter the Great's decrees on dress, the demand for the European outfits becomes natural in the context of gallomania. However, the consumption is mainly narrow and aristocratic because of the high cost of the imported fashion goods. Russia represents an important outlet for the French manufacturer as it consumes a large part of silk and other fashion products. The Russian market is not limited to the direct exports shown in the statistics which underestimate its importance, it also involves a big traffic that transits via Germany, and the illicit flows. The imports of French luxury goods contradict the interests of the Russian authorities that try to control them in order to stimulate the national industries. The market develops under the influence of the protectionist customs policy of Russian Empire and the wars that make it unstable, especially for the manufacturers and merchants. Despite the fact that the exchanges are often disrupted, they never stop. The links between the French manufacturers and the Russian consumers have turned to be stronger than the legislative compulsions and international conflicts. The adaptation of the Russian market to the difficult circumstances takes place through the appearance of new trade channels, both legal and illegal that make the laws of offer and demand triumph. ; L'enjeu de l'étude est de saisir l'organisation du marché russe des modes françaises au XVIIIe-XIXe siècles, d'analyser son évolution et les facteurs dont il est tributaire. Créée artificiellement par les lois vestimentaires de Pierre le Grand, la demande pour les toilettes européennes devient naturelle dans le contexte de la gallomanie. Cependant, la consommation reste principalement étroite et aristocratique en raison de la valeur élevée des produits de mode importés. Pour les fabricants français, la Russie représente un débouché incontournable qui consomme une partie importante des soieries et autres articles de mode. Le marché russe ne se résume pas aux exportations directes indiquées dans statistiques qui sous-estiment son importance, il englobe également un vaste trafic indirect qui transite via l'Allemagne, mais aussi les flux illégaux. L'importation considérable des marchandises françaises de luxe contredit les intérêts des autorités russes qui s'efforcent de la contrôler afin de stimuler les industries nationales. Le marché évolue sous l'impact de la politique douanière protectionniste de l'Empire russe et les guerres qui le rendent instable, en particulier pour les fabricants et les commerçants. Si les échanges sont régulièrement perturbés, ils ne se rompent pas. Les liens entre les fabricants français et les consommateurs russes se révèlent plus forts que les contraintes législatives et les conflits internationaux. L'adaptation du marché russe aux circonstances défavorables passe par la mise en place de nouveaux circuits, légaux ou illicites qui permettent de faire triompher les lois de l'offre et de la demande.

The main purpose of this study is to determine the organisation of the Russian market of French fashion in the XVlllth-XIXth centuries, to analyse its development and the factors that influence it. First created artificially by Peter the Great's decrees on dress, the demand for the European outfits becomes natural in the context of gallomania. However, the consumption is mainly narrow and aristocratic because of the high cost of the imported fashion goods. Russia represents an important outlet for the French manufacturer as it consumes a large part of silk and other fashion products. The Russian market is not limited to the direct exports shown in the statistics which underestimate its importance, it also involves a big traffic that transits via Germany, and the illicit flows. The imports of French luxury goods contradict the interests of the Russian authorities that try to control them in order to stimulate the national industries. The market develops under the influence of the protectionist customs policy of Russian Empire and the wars that make it unstable, especially for the manufacturers and merchants. Despite the fact that the exchanges are often disrupted, they never stop. The links between the French manufacturers and the Russian consumers have turned to be stronger than the legislative compulsions and international conflicts. The adaptation of the Russian market to the difficult circumstances takes place through the appearance of new trade channels, both legal and illegal that make the laws of offer and demand triumph. ; L'enjeu de l'étude est de saisir l'organisation du marché russe des modes françaises au XVIIIe-XIXe siècles, d'analyser son évolution et les facteurs dont il est tributaire. Créée artificiellement par les lois vestimentaires de Pierre le Grand, la demande pour les toilettes européennes devient naturelle dans le contexte de la gallomanie. Cependant, la consommation reste principalement étroite et aristocratique en raison de la valeur élevée des produits de mode importés. Pour les ...

The main purpose of this study is to determine the organisation of the Russian market of French fashion in the XVlllth-XIXth centuries, to analyse its development and the factors that influence it. First created artificially by Peter the Great's decrees on dress, the demand for the European outfits becomes natural in the context of gallomania. However, the consumption is mainly narrow and aristocratic because of the high cost of the imported fashion goods. Russia represents an important outlet for the French manufacturer as it consumes a large part of silk and other fashion products. The Russian market is not limited to the direct exports shown in the statistics which underestimate its importance, it also involves a big traffic that transits via Germany, and the illicit flows. The imports of French luxury goods contradict the interests of the Russian authorities that try to control them in order to stimulate the national industries. The market develops under the influence of the protectionist customs policy of Russian Empire and the wars that make it unstable, especially for the manufacturers and merchants. Despite the fact that the exchanges are often disrupted, they never stop. The links between the French manufacturers and the Russian consumers have turned to be stronger than the legislative compulsions and international conflicts. The adaptation of the Russian market to the difficult circumstances takes place through the appearance of new trade channels, both legal and illegal that make the laws of offer and demand triumph. ; L'enjeu de l'étude est de saisir l'organisation du marché russe des modes françaises au XVIIIe-XIXe siècles, d'analyser son évolution et les facteurs dont il est tributaire. Créée artificiellement par les lois vestimentaires de Pierre le Grand, la demande pour les toilettes européennes devient naturelle dans le contexte de la gallomanie. Cependant, la consommation reste principalement étroite et aristocratique en raison de la valeur élevée des produits de mode importés. Pour les fabricants français, la Russie représente un débouché incontournable qui consomme une partie importante des soieries et autres articles de mode. Le marché russe ne se résume pas aux exportations directes indiquées dans statistiques qui sous-estiment son importance, il englobe également un vaste trafic indirect qui transite via l'Allemagne, mais aussi les flux illégaux. L'importation considérable des marchandises françaises de luxe contredit les intérêts des autorités russes qui s'efforcent de la contrôler afin de stimuler les industries nationales. Le marché évolue sous l'impact de la politique douanière protectionniste de l'Empire russe et les guerres qui le rendent instable, en particulier pour les fabricants et les commerçants. Si les échanges sont régulièrement perturbés, ils ne se rompent pas. Les liens entre les fabricants français et les consommateurs russes se révèlent plus forts que les contraintes législatives et les conflits internationaux. L'adaptation du marché russe aux circonstances défavorables passe par la mise en place de nouveaux circuits, légaux ou illicites qui permettent de faire triompher les lois de l'offre et de la demande.

Talks about the issues of legal and social legitimacy which surround criminal measures relating to trafficking in human beings in six Member States and the EU. This book also explains the legal nature of the types of measures which have been adopted and the presentation of criminal sanctions and the positions taken by key actors in civil society