Suchergebnisse

External dimensions of Indian economy in the age of globalisation are viewed in this paper in terms of unabated opening up of the economy with respect to both trade and foreign capital flows. This paper empirically shows that with more opening up of the economy there is more and more transfer of financial resources abroad from the Indian economy. So opening up through neoliberal globalisation is a ploy of global capitalism to extract super duper surplus from India. Analytically also the paper makes an attempt to negate the recent policy reforms (as is imminent in allowing FDI in multi-brand retail, aviations and insurance and in relentless efforts of the Government in slashing down fiscal deficit) as anti-growth and more attuned to the interests of global finance and capital. ; Les dimensions extérieures de l'économie indienne à l'heure de la mondialisation sont analysées dans le cadre de l'ouverture continue de l'économie dans le domaine des échanges commerciaux et des flux de capitaux. Cette étude montre qu'avec cette ouverture, les transferts de ressources financières de l'économie indienne à l'étranger ne cessent de croître. La mondialisation libérale est ainsi une manière pour le capitalisme global d'extraire un surplus de l'Inde. L'analyse indique également que la politique de réforme du gouvernement indien (illustrée par l'ouverture des secteurs de la grande distribution, du transport aérien et de l'assurance aux capitaux étrangers ainsi que par l'effort mis sur la réduction du déficit fiscal) ne sert pas la croissance mais plutôt les intérêts de la finance globale et du capital.

External dimensions of Indian economy in the age of globalisation are viewed in this paper in terms of unabated opening up of the economy with respect to both trade and foreign capital flows. This paper empirically shows that with more opening up of the economy there is more and more transfer of financial resources abroad from the Indian economy. So opening up through neoliberal globalisation is a ploy of global capitalism to extract super duper surplus from India. Analytically also the paper makes an attempt to negate the recent policy reforms (as is imminent in allowing FDI in multi-brand retail, aviations and insurance and in relentless efforts of the Government in slashing down fiscal deficit) as anti-growth and more attuned to the interests of global finance and capital. ; Les dimensions extérieures de l'économie indienne à l'heure de la mondialisation sont analysées dans le cadre de l'ouverture continue de l'économie dans le domaine des échanges commerciaux et des flux de capitaux. Cette étude montre qu'avec cette ouverture, les transferts de ressources financières de l'économie indienne à l'étranger ne cessent de croître. La mondialisation libérale est ainsi une manière pour le capitalisme global d'extraire un surplus de l'Inde. L'analyse indique également que la politique de réforme du gouvernement indien (illustrée par l'ouverture des secteurs de la grande distribution, du transport aérien et de l'assurance aux capitaux étrangers ainsi que par l'effort mis sur la réduction du déficit fiscal) ne sert pas la croissance mais plutôt les intérêts de la finance globale et du capital.

"Inclusive Disruption serves as a primary guide to help readers understand what financial technology is and how it has evolved to change the future financial landscape. The central ideas of fintech are explained in details, with topics ranging from distributed innovation, inclusive blockchain to decentralised inclusive technologies. The book also gathers the views of key opinion leaders and cutting-edge practitioners who are at the forefront of fintech development. Therefore, it not only presents useful insights about financial technology but also represents an invaluable source of knowledge for readers who are interested in fintech."

微博在中国的互联网上十分流行,这对中国宣传机构的信息控制形成了新的挑战。微博可以使信息得到快速和广泛的传播,从而增加了国家宣传机器进行信息控制的难度。本文试图探讨微博可以在多大程度上帮助网民挑战政府对信息的控制。通过分析在新浪微博上收集的数据,本文发现微博对宣传工作的挑战有四种机制。首先,基于对微博上热门政治信息的分析,本文发现微博上的部分话语权由媒体转向个人,同时出现了一批对政府持批判态度的超级网民。其次,对于一些热点事件,微博与传统媒体的报道角度与侧重点不同,从而使得中国的政治信息更加多元化 。第三,虽然中央政府可以实现对微博的有效审查,但地方政府时常不能控制微博上的报道。第四,网民通过微博上的信息运动,可以将某些传统媒体不愿报道的事件问题化,这对中国传统媒体的自我审查形成了冲击。本文认为微博可以帮助人民挑战国家的信息控制。 ; The micro-blog, with its huge popularity in recent years, poses a new challenge to the propaganda state in China. The micro-blog is able to spread information fast and reach a wide audience. The liberating potential of the micro-blog on the information flow is in conflict with the control efforts from the propaganda state. It is puzzling then the extent to which the netizens are able to use the micro-blog to counter the information control. Based on the data collected from Sina Weibo, this study finds the propaganda state is challenged by the micro-blog through four mechanisms. First, analysis of political posts demonstrates a partial shift of discursive power from media to individuals and a rise of critical super-netizens in the micro-blog. Second, the posts in the micro-blog report the controversial issues in a different way than the traditional media that contributes to the pluralization of political information. Third, the netizens are able to use the micro-blog to expose certain information that the local government would like to censor. Forth, the netizens are able to problematize certain issues through information movement that challenge the self-censorship of media. This study concludes that the micro-blog is able to empower the people in the battle between state and society on what is fit to know. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Yang, Shen. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-98). ; Abstracts also in Chinese. ; LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES --- p.VI ; Chapter CHAPTER I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- ...

This paper deals with the informational aspects of ensuring the social development of higher education – the strategic objective in creating the European higher education area. The importance of the informational aspects of social dimension in higher education is indicated by the fact that the EU education and training policy is based on the open method of coordination. Informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education are examined by performing an analysis of the EU documents on policy strategy, the Bologna Process documents, and the Bologna pro­cess progress report. The investigation has revealed a growing emphasis on the informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education, which is caused by the lack of respective information, the shortage of national data and non-comparability problems. In the analysis of the Bologna process report, the paper notes an expanding reach of the informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education.

This paper deals with the informational aspects of ensuring the social development of higher education – the strategic objective in creating the European higher education area. The importance of the informational aspects of social dimension in higher education is indicated by the fact that the EU education and training policy is based on the open method of coordination. Informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education are examined by performing an analysis of the EU documents on policy strategy, the Bologna Process documents, and the Bologna pro­cess progress report. The investigation has revealed a growing emphasis on the informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education, which is caused by the lack of respective information, the shortage of national data and non-comparability problems. In the analysis of the Bologna process report, the paper notes an expanding reach of the informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education.

This paper deals with the informational aspects of ensuring the social development of higher education – the strategic objective in creating the European higher education area. The importance of the informational aspects of social dimension in higher education is indicated by the fact that the EU education and training policy is based on the open method of coordination. Informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education are examined by performing an analysis of the EU documents on policy strategy, the Bologna Process documents, and the Bologna pro­cess progress report. The investigation has revealed a growing emphasis on the informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education, which is caused by the lack of respective information, the shortage of national data and non-comparability problems. In the analysis of the Bologna process report, the paper notes an expanding reach of the informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education.

This paper deals with the informational aspects of ensuring the social development of higher education – the strategic objective in creating the European higher education area. The importance of the informational aspects of social dimension in higher education is indicated by the fact that the EU education and training policy is based on the open method of coordination. Informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education are examined by performing an analysis of the EU documents on policy strategy, the Bologna Process documents, and the Bologna pro­cess progress report. The investigation has revealed a growing emphasis on the informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education, which is caused by the lack of respective information, the shortage of national data and non-comparability problems. In the analysis of the Bologna process report, the paper notes an expanding reach of the informational aspects of the social dimension of higher education.

The present article studies from an interdisciplinary perspective some postulates of the German Constitution of 1919 in its intervening, modernizing and social rights aspects. Consequently, this text, analyzes in depth the constitutional framework enacted in the city of Weimar after the end of the World War One, which was guided to a greater extent by social democratic postulates that saw in the communist revolution a latent danger that had to be stopped. Some of the advances in the intervening matter of the Constitution, allowed the direct link of the State in the regulation and control of economic, political, social aspects, among others. In the face of modernization, basic aspects of the tradition were reformed in terms of institutions, power, relations and political and democratic actions, Church-State bonds. And finally, regarding the social field, some labor, union and some other rights that contemplated the social security of the inhabitants of the Germanic country were extended and enacted. ; El presente artículo estudia, desde una mirada interdisciplinar, algunos postulados de la Constitución alemana de 1919, en sus aspectos interventores, modernizadores y de derechos sociales. Consecuentemente, este texto analiza en profundidad el entramado constitucional promulgado en la ciudad de Weimar, tras el fin de la Primera Guerra Mundial, que fue guiado, en mayor medida, por postulados socialdemócratas que veían en la revolución comunista un peligro latente que debía ser frenado. Algunos de los avances en materia interventora de la Constitución, permitían la vinculación directa del Estado en la regulación y control de aspectos económicos, políticos y sociales, entre otros. Frente a la modernización, se reformaron aspectos básicos de la tradición en cuanto a las instituciones, el poder, las relaciones y acciones políticas y democráticas, así como los vínculos Iglesia-Estado. Y, finalmente, respecto del campo social, se ampliaron y promulgaron algunos derechos laborales, sindicales y otros que contemplaban la ...

The article examines the economic and legal aspects of the functioning of the institute of public-private partnership (hereinafter - PPP) in view of the implementation of priority national projects and justifies an increase in the use of various forms of interaction between government and business in the conditions of overcoming the consequences of the global financial crisis and economic sanctions. The article reveals the problems of the conceptual framework in the studied field of relations and analyzes the doctrinal views on the question of the concept and forms of the PPP. There has been generalized the positive experience of some foreign countries associated with the use of certain forms and mechanisms of PPPs in view of possible adoption in the Russian practice. The article draws the conclusions on the establishment of new PPPs and the development of existing PPPs to ensure their effective functioning in certain social spheres.

This book reports on the latest, cutting-edge scholarship on integrating social network and spatial analyses in the built environment. It sheds light on conceptualization and Implementation of such integration, integration for intra-city level analysis, as well as integration for inter-city level analysis. It explores the use of new data sources concerning human andurban dynamics and provides a discussion of how social network and spatial analyses could be synthesized for a more nuanced understanding of the built environment. As such this book will be a valuable resource for scholars focusing on city-related networks in a number of 'urban' disciplines, including but not limited to urbangeography, urbaninformatics, urban planning, urban sociology, andurban studies.

Purpose: Determining the interdependence between the economic prosperity and the development of financial balance and debt in the general government sector in the 21st century (in the global, regional (EU) and Poland's dimensions). Assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public finances. Methodology: Analysis of contemporary concepts and legal system solutions relating to the subjective and objective aspects of public finance and their impact on the economic and financial security of the State. Evaluation of the security of public finance based on the balance and debt formation of the general government institutions, with particular emphasis on periods of economic prosperity downturns and crises. Descriptive correlation of selected indicators of 2000-2001, obtained from the database of the International Monetary Fund, Eurostat, Polish Ministry of Finance, and the Main Statistical Office. Conclusions: In relation to the situation in the 21st century, the fundamental paradigms relating to the interdependence between the cyclical course of the economic prosperity and the situation of public finance have been confirmed. Significant differences were also observed, with respect to individual regions of the world and individual countries. In economic and budgetary policy, too little importance was given to budget balance and public debt in the medium and long term. Practical implications: In the fiscal policy and financial security policy, it is necessary to keep appropriate proportions between the realization of current social needs and shaping the conditions of economic and social development in the medium and long term. The composition of revenue and expenses and public incomes and expenditures should take much more into account the consequences of excessive budget deficits and the burden of public debt, which are intergenerational in nature. The management of the risk of breaching the stability and security of general government finance should become an obligatory subject of current and strategic economic and fiscal policy. Originality/Value: The study is theoretical and empirical. The study clarifies the today's prevailing legal concepts and interpretations relating to the essence and nature of economic security and the public finance. Descriptive and statistical analyses of macroeconomic determinants of the public finance balance and the public debt in the years 2000-2021 enabled to show the correctness in their formation under conditions of economic collapse and crises, also in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. ; peer-reviewed

Résumé L'enquête famille de 1999 (EHF99) permet d'observer les modalités des mises en couple des hommes et des femmes quelle que soit la forme prise par l'union (union libre ou mariage). En France, comme dans tous les pays européens, l'âge à la mise en couple est en constante augmentation. L'évolution de l'entrée en parentalité se caractérise également par le recul de l'âge auquel les hommes et les femmes deviennent parents. L'augmentation des ruptures d'union explique la croissance constante de la proportion d'enfants dont les parents biologiques se séparent durant l'enfance, mais l'âge moyen des enfants mineurs au moment de la séparation de leurs parents est stable : autour de 8 ans, entre 1988 et 1998.

The Chinese policy banks (the State Development Bank of China, the Export-Import Bank of China and the Agricultural Development Bank of China) were created with the goal of financing national projects both abroad and inside China. They play an important role in providing loans to green and social projects and concessional lending to small and medium-sized enterprises. It is expected that there will be growth in the financing of scientific and technical areas during the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025).
In order to finance large-scale projects, the policy banks require a constant flow of funds. This article analyzes the main sources of the banks' funding amongst which accepting loans from the People`s Bank of China and the issuing of bonds are in the lead. The two sources mentioned are characterized by reliability and constancy, but also have risks attached to them. These include limited sources of liquidity in general, increasing competition from local administrations which are also empowered to issue bonds, lending to low profit (but strategically important) projects, an implied long maturity period of medium and long-term loans, and other factors. Proof of sufficient capital is vital because policy banks have a key role regarding instruments for countercyclical regulation in the process of stabilizing the economy for example when funds were distributed through the banks to the most vulnerable sectors during the worst of the pandemic.
To improve the policy banks' financial efficiency it has been necessary to draft a Policy Banks Act. This supports the development not only of national but also of commercial projects, the granting of more independence to branches in the search for and selection of projects (taking into consideration local/regional/international specifics), the diversification of liquidity sources and the establishment of compensation for losses sustained during repayment of failing loans, to improve risk management. This necessary next stage of banking reform is expected to be enacted during 2022-2023.