Suchergebnisse

Household panel data document a remarkable closing of the
gender gap in school enrolment in rural Pakistan between 2001 and 2004.
During this 3-year period, there was an 8 point increase in the
percentage of girls entering school, while the corresponding increase
for boys was less than 2 percentage points. More than half of the rise
for girls can be explained by the substantial increase in household
incomes, whereas comparatively little is accounted for by increased
school availability. Unpacking these enrolment trends and their
determinants requires solving the classic period-age-cohort
identification problem. The paper shows how to do so using auxiliary
information on the distribution of school entry ages. JEL
Classification: O15, O40, I 25, I21 Keywords: School Enrolment, Gender,
Income Growth, Gender Gap

This article is about the educational turn in contemporary art. At present, many artists are interested in educational projects—the planning of events in which education is not reduced to an auxiliary role (as is traditional with an exhibition). Simultaneously, however, the artists distance themselves from the school system and are attempting to experiment with education, treating it as an autonomous, alternative cultural practice. The author describes the traits and circumstances of this artistic phenomenon (above all, transformations in the field of socially engaged art, and criticism of the idea of a knowledge-based economy). She analyses the role of pedagogical methods and ideas in artistic and curating practices, while focusing primarily on methods of using dialogue in artistic projects.

1. How and why history matters for development policy / Michael Woolcock, Simon Szreter and Vijayendra Rao -- 2. Indigenous and colonial origins of comparative economic development: The case of colonial India and Africa / C.A. Bayly -- Commentary: History, time and temporality in development discourse / Uma Kothari -- Historical contributions to contemporary development policy issues: Social Protection. -- 3. Social security as a developmental institution? The relative efficacy of Poor Relief provisions under the English old Poor Law / Richard Smith -- 4. Historical lessons about contemporary social welfare: Chinese puzzles and global challenges / R. Bing Wong -- Commentary: Why might history matter for development policy? / Ravi Kanbur -- Public Health -- 5. Health in India since Independence / Sunil S. Amrith -- 6. Health care policy for American Indians since the early 20th century / Stephen J. Kunitz -- Commentary: Can historians assist development policy-making, or just highlight its faults? / David Hall-Mathews -- Public education -- 7. The end of literacy: The growth and measurement of British public education since the early nineteenth century / David Vincent -- 8. The tools of transition: Education and development in modern southeast Asian history / Tim Harper -- Commentary: Remembering the forgetting in education / Lant Pritchett -- Natural resource management -- 9. Energy and natural resource dependency in Europe, 1600-1900 / Paul Warde -- 10. Special rights in property: Why modern African economies are dependent on mineral resources / Keith Breckenridge -- Commentary: Natural resources and development-which histories matter? / Mick Moore.

Рассматриваются порядок формирования и эффективность работы вспомогательного аппарата депутата законодательного (представительного) органа государственной власти субъекта Российской Федерации, состоящего из помощников депутата. Помощник депутата является одним из активнейших политических акторов. Руководство деятельностью помощников депутата осуществляется непосредственно депутатом, который самостоятельно распределяет обязанности между ними и является единственным лицом, имеющим право давать и проверять свои поручения. Проблема отношений депутатов законодательных (представительных) органов государственной власти субъектов Российской Федерации со своими помощниками в части реализации депутатских полномочий, на наш взгляд, существует давно. В настоящее время актуально вернуться к этим вопросам, т.к. формируется новый состав вспомогательного аппарата депутатов различного уровня: от федерального до регионального. В результате проведенных авторами социологических исследований подтверждается, что в целом политический ресурс помощников депутата и их роль во взаимодействии депутатов и избирателей оценивается не всегда положительно ; The article examines the formation and effectiveness of the auxiliary unit legislative deputy (representative) body of state authority of the Russian Federation, consisting of assistant deputies. Assistant deputy is one of the most active political actors. Manual deputy assistant activities are carried out directly by a deputy who independently allocates responsibilities between them and the only person who has the right to issue and validate their order. The problem of relations of deputies of legislative (representative) bodies of state power of the subjects of the Russian Federation and his assistants exists with regard to the implementation of parliamentary powers, in our opinion for a long time. Today it is very important to return to these issues, because a new composition of the auxiliary unit of deputies of different levels, from federal to regional is formed. As a result, the political resources of assistant deputies and their role in the interaction between deputies and voters are not always evaluated positively. This fact has been confirmed by the conducted sociological studies

Publication des actes du colloque Iran et Occident, hommage à Kasra Vafadari ; To this day in Hungary – itself an ethnic and linguistic exception in Europe – awareness of a variety of ancient traditions and identities persists. Not those that readily come to mind (Slovaks, Croatians, Serbs or Romanians), but those of communities that have long since adopted the Hungarian language, while harbouring a keen sense of their distinctive presence in the country's history. It was in the Middle Ages that these privileged communities first appeared: Széklers and Saxons in Transylvania (today in Romania), Germans in the Szepes region of Upper Hungary (today Slovakia), Cumans and Iasians in the plains between the Danube and the Tisza and Pechenegs, mostly between the Danube and Lake Balaton. The presence in Hungary of the Iasian community (originally speaking an Iranian language, close to modern Ossetian) was first documented in 1323. A charter of that year authorised the Iasians to elect their own officials and removed them from the authority of Cuman notables, but givens their geographic localisation and structural evolution the study of Iasians and Cumans is inseparable. Yet, they are two distinct cultural entities, even if their statutory evolution in Hungary was shared. Following a look at the conventions – and confusions – regarding the translations of the Hungarian term Jász, this study traces the presence of Iranian peoples, both in the history of the Hungarians before their arrival in Pannonia and following their settlements in the Carpathian Basin, and goes on to examine key aspects of their status in mediaeval Hungary (13th – 16th centuries). ; Aujourd'hui encore, la Hongrie – tout en étant en elle-même une exception ethnico-linguistique en Europe – voit s'exprimer des sensibilités identitaires variées. Non pas celles d'ethnies clairement différenciées (slovaque, croate, serbe, roumaine), mais celles de communautés tout à la fois magyarophones et attachées à leur particularisme au sein de l'histoire hongroise. ...

Publication des actes du colloque Iran et Occident, hommage à Kasra Vafadari ; To this day in Hungary – itself an ethnic and linguistic exception in Europe – awareness of a variety of ancient traditions and identities persists. Not those that readily come to mind (Slovaks, Croatians, Serbs or Romanians), but those of communities that have long since adopted the Hungarian language, while harbouring a keen sense of their distinctive presence in the country's history. It was in the Middle Ages that these privileged communities first appeared: Széklers and Saxons in Transylvania (today in Romania), Germans in the Szepes region of Upper Hungary (today Slovakia), Cumans and Iasians in the plains between the Danube and the Tisza and Pechenegs, mostly between the Danube and Lake Balaton. The presence in Hungary of the Iasian community (originally speaking an Iranian language, close to modern Ossetian) was first documented in 1323. A charter of that year authorised the Iasians to elect their own officials and removed them from the authority of Cuman notables, but givens their geographic localisation and structural evolution the study of Iasians and Cumans is inseparable. Yet, they are two distinct cultural entities, even if their statutory evolution in Hungary was shared. Following a look at the conventions – and confusions – regarding the translations of the Hungarian term Jász, this study traces the presence of Iranian peoples, both in the history of the Hungarians before their arrival in Pannonia and following their settlements in the Carpathian Basin, and goes on to examine key aspects of their status in mediaeval Hungary (13th – 16th centuries). ; Aujourd'hui encore, la Hongrie – tout en étant en elle-même une exception ethnico-linguistique en Europe – voit s'exprimer des sensibilités identitaires variées. Non pas celles d'ethnies clairement différenciées (slovaque, croate, serbe, roumaine), mais celles de communautés tout à la fois magyarophones et attachées à leur particularisme au sein de l'histoire hongroise. ...

With the ongoing DOSoReMI.hu project we aimed to significantly extend the potential, how soil information requirements could be satisfied in Hungary. We started to compile digital soil maps, which fulfil optimally general as well as specific national and international demands from the aspect of thematic, spatial and temporal accuracy. In addition to relevant and available auxiliary, spatial data themes related to soil forming factors and/or to indicative environmental elements we heavily lean on the various national soil databases. The set of the applied digital soil mapping techniques is gradually broadened. In our paper we present some results in the form of brand new soil maps focusing on the territory of Hajdú-Bihar county.

Of all the seven Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, neutrality and impartiality are perhaps the least well understood. They are often confused with each other and give rise to controversy. How can a National Society that is an auxiliary of the public authorities possibly be called neutral? Isn't neutrality sometimes synonymous with passivity or indifference? Can the ICRC regard itself as neutral when it points publicly to violations of international humanitarian law? Does impartiality mean sharing relief equally between the victims on both sides of a conflict? Is it possible to give humanitarian assistance to only one of the parties without violating the principles of neutrality and impartiality? These are questions that have occurred to every man and woman working in the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.

Research on sensor-based signaling systems suggests that false alarms and misses affect operator dependence via two independent psychological processes, hypothesized as two types of trust. These two types of trust manifest in two categorically different behaviors: compliance and reliance. The current study links the theoretical perspective outlined by Lee and See (2004) to the compliance-reliance paradigm, and argues that trust mediates the false alarm-compliance relationship but not the miss-reliance relationship. Specifically, the key conditions to allow the mediation of trust are: The operator is presented with a salient choice to depend on the signaling system and the risk associated with non-dependence is recognized. Eighty-eight participants interacted with a primary flight simulation task and a secondary signaling system task. Participants were asked to evaluate their trust in the signaling system according to the informational bases of trust: Performance, process, and purpose. Half of the participants were in a high risk group and half were in a low risk group. The signaling systems varied by reliability (90%, 60%) within subjects and error bias (false alarm prone, miss prone) between subjects. Generally, analyses supported the hypotheses. Reliability affected compliance, but only in the false alarm prone group. Alternatively, reliability affected reliance, but only in the miss prone group. Higher reliability led to higher subjective trust. Conditional indirect effects indicated that individual factors of trust mediated the relationship between false alarm rate and compliance (i.e., purpose) and reliance (i.e., process), but only in the high risk groups. Serial mediation analyses indicated that the false alarm rate affected compliance and reliance through the sequential ordering of the factors of trust, all stemming from performance. Miss rate did not affect reliance through any of the factors of trust. The theoretical implications of this study suggest the compliance-reliance paradigm is not the reflection of two independent types of trust. The practical applications of this research could be to update training and design recommendations that are based upon the assumption of trust causing operator responses regardless of error bias.

Communication Centers and Oral Communication Programs in Higher Education, edited by Eunkyong L. Yook and Wendy Atkins-Sayre reveals vital information that is of theoretical and practical importance to higher education administrators, educators, and communication centers directors and staff. It is the first book to be published on communication centers

Publication des actes du colloque Iran et Occident, hommage à Kasra Vafadari ; To this day in Hungary – itself an ethnic and linguistic exception in Europe – awareness of a variety of ancient traditions and identities persists. Not those that readily come to mind (Slovaks, Croatians, Serbs or Romanians), but those of communities that have long since adopted the Hungarian language, while harbouring a keen sense of their distinctive presence in the country's history. It was in the Middle Ages that these privileged communities first appeared: Széklers and Saxons in Transylvania (today in Romania), Germans in the Szepes region of Upper Hungary (today Slovakia), Cumans and Iasians in the plains between the Danube and the Tisza and Pechenegs, mostly between the Danube and Lake Balaton. The presence in Hungary of the Iasian community (originally speaking an Iranian language, close to modern Ossetian) was first documented in 1323. A charter of that year authorised the Iasians to elect their own officials and removed them from the authority of Cuman notables, but givens their geographic localisation and structural evolution the study of Iasians and Cumans is inseparable. Yet, they are two distinct cultural entities, even if their statutory evolution in Hungary was shared. Following a look at the conventions – and confusions – regarding the translations of the Hungarian term Jász, this study traces the presence of Iranian peoples, both in the history of the Hungarians before their arrival in Pannonia and following their settlements in the Carpathian Basin, and goes on to examine key aspects of their status in mediaeval Hungary (13th – 16th centuries). ; Aujourd'hui encore, la Hongrie – tout en étant en elle-même une exception ethnico-linguistique en Europe – voit s'exprimer des sensibilités identitaires variées. Non pas celles d'ethnies clairement différenciées (slovaque, croate, serbe, roumaine), mais celles de communautés tout à la fois magyarophones et attachées à leur particularisme au sein de l'histoire hongroise. C'est en effet dans l'histoire médiévale hongroise qu'apparaissent ces communautés privilégiées : Sicules et Saxons en Transylvanie (aujourd'hui en Roumanie), Allemands du Szepes en Haute-Hongrie (aujourd'hui Slovaquie), Coumans et Iasses dans la Grande Plaine (Puszta), entre le Danube et la Theisse (Tisza) et Petchenègues pour l'essentiel entre le Danube et le lac Balaton. La présence en Hongrie des Iasses (qui à l'origine ont parlé une langue iranienne très proche de l'ossète actuel) est documentée à partir de 1323. Au vu de cette charte qui autorise les Iasses à désigner leurs notables et non plus à obéir aux notables coumans et également en raison des localisations attestées des uns et des autres, il est difficile de complètement dissocier l'étude de ces groupes. Cependant, il s'agit bien de deux entités culturelles différentes, même si leur histoire statutaire en Hongrie fut commune.Après un rappel des conventions – et des confusions – de traduction du nom hongrois Jász et un aperçu des occurrences de populations iraniennes tant dans l'histoire des Hongrois avant leur arrivée en Pannonie que dans celle du bassin des Carpates, les principaux points du statut des Iasses dans la Hongrie médiévale (XIIIe-XVIe siècle) seront présentés.

Manuscript of a notice to parents and guardians of students at the American Literary, Scientific, and Military Academy regarding the regulations pertaining to spending money. Probably written for publication between 1820 and 1825, when the Academy was located in Norwich, Vermont. Also includes information related to naval officers and midshipmen interested in pursuing educational opportunities at the Academy. ; Transcription by Joseph Byrne. Transcriptions may be subject to error.

The book focuses on the study of democratic processes. Special emphasis is put (1) on the existence of a diversity of (e. g. socio-economic, ethno-cultural,.) interests and the transformation of this diversity into public policies, (2) on the participatory features of democracy and on barriers to individual and group participation due to disparities in economic and political resources.