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Writing in a Paris rife with war-anxieties, refugees and political plots, a stateless individual by the name of Walter Benjamin recorded on 11 January 1940: "Every line that we succeed in publishing today - given the uncertainty of the future to which we consign it - is a victory wrested from the power of darkness." The fusion of desperation and mystical activism in the face of historical horror, expressed in Benjamin's last letter to Gershom Scholem, was echoed across the Channel. Only ten days later, Virginia Woolf - assailed by a mixture of historical, financial, creative and publishing worries - responded to a commission to write about peace by stating that the "views on peace […] spring from views on war."

The International Council of Philosophy & Human Sciences (CIPSH) is a non-governmental organization created under the patronage of Unesco. It is an organ which federates international associations specialised in human sciences as well as the International Academic Union. The CIPSH was created with a double mission -- international & interdisciplinary -- in order to affirm anew what is at stake in human sciences. In this post-war context (1947-1955), not only intellectuals' responsibility but also the very conception of knowledge was questioned. The CIPSH's history is therefore that of an intellectual community which seeks to shape knowledge anew, through its intellectual work & the implementation of tools, so as to respond to the potential degradation that scientific specialization represents for Science. The creation of the OPSH also questions the action of Unesco, the way in which it conceives its role in human sciences, & the relations it has with the independent scholars. At the heart of those two institutions he multiple tensions between ideals & reality. This is the point of the article, to study the reality of their development in the light of their ideals. Adapted from the source document.

Résumé Trois Français et trois Québécois examinent la portée de la référence à la dignité humaine dans les différents domaines explicités dans le titre de l'ouvrage. Thomas De Koninck nous propose une archéologie de cette notion, quand Gilbert Larochelle réfléchit à ce défi que constitue la dignité du mourir ; autre défi, celui du politique , qu'examine Marie-Andrée Ricard, et à laquelle succède Jean-François De Raymond pour repenser l'économie . L'ouvrage se termine par des interrogations, sous forme de fragments sur la médecine , proposées par Dominique Folscheid. Avant de conclure par une réflexion de Jean-François Mattéi sur la barbarie et le principe d'Antigone .