Suchergebnisse

Knowing Women is a study of same-sex desire in West Africa, which explores the lives and friendships of working-class women in southern Ghana who are intimately involved with each other. Based on in-depth research of the life histories of women in the region, Serena O. Dankwa highlights the vibrancy of everyday same-sex intimacies that have not been captured in a globally pervasive language of sexual identity. Paying close attention to the women's practices of self-reference, Dankwa refers to them as 'knowing women' in a way that both distinguishes them from, and relates them to categories such as lesbian or supi, a Ghanaian term for female friend. In doing so, this study is not only a significant contribution to the field of global queer studies in which both women and Africa have been underrepresented, but a starting point to further theorize the relation between gender, kinship, and sexuality that is key to queer, feminist, and postcolonial theories. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Drawing on rich oral histories from over two hundred in-depth interviews in West Africa, Europe, and North America, Robtel Neajai Pailey examines socio-economic change in Liberia, Africa's first black republic, through the prism of citizenship. Marking how historical policy changes on citizenship and contemporary public discourse on dual citizenship have impacted development policy and practice, she reveals that as Liberia transformed from a country of immigration to one of emigration, so too did the nature of citizenship, thus influencing claims for and against dual citizenship. In this engaging contribution to scholarly and policy debates about citizenship as a continuum of inclusion and exclusion, and development as a process of both amelioration and degeneration, Pailey develops a new model for conceptualising citizenship within the context of crisis-affected states. In doing so, she offers a postcolonial critique of the neoliberal framing of diasporas and donors as the panacea to post-war reconstruction.

Political parties are taken for granted today, but how was the idea of party viewed in the eighteenth century, when core components of modern, representative politics were trialled? From Bolingbroke to Burke, political thinkers regarded party as a fundamental concept of politics, especially in the parliamentary system of Great Britain. The paradox of party was best formulated by David Hume: while parties often threatened the total dissolution of the government, they were also the source of life and vigour in modern politics. In the eighteenth century, party was usually understood as a set of flexible and evolving principles, associated with names and traditions, which categorised and managed political actors, voters, and commentators. Max Skjönsberg thus demonstrates that the idea of party as ideological unity is not purely a nineteenth- or twentieth-century phenomenon but can be traced to the eighteenth century.

Latin American states took dramatic steps toward greater inclusion during the late twentieth and early twenty-first Centuries. Bringing together an accomplished group of scholars, this volume examines this shift by introducing three dimensions of inclusion: official recognition of historically excluded groups, access to policymaking, and resource redistribution. Tracing the movement along these dimensions since the 1990s, the editors argue that the endurance of democratic politics, combined with longstanding social inequalities, create the impetus for inclusionary reforms. Diverse chapters explore how factors such as the role of partisanship and electoral clientelism, constitutional design, state capacity, social protest, populism, commodity rents, international diffusion, and historical legacies encouraged or inhibited inclusionary reform during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Featuring original empirical evidence and a strong theoretical framework, the book considers cross-national variation, delves into the surprising paradoxes of inclusion, and identifies the obstacles hindering further fundamental change.

International treaties are the primary means for codifying global human rights standards. However, nation-states are able to make their own choices in how to legally commit to human rights treaties. A state commits to a treaty through four commitment acts: signature, ratification, accession, and succession. These acts signify diverging legal paths with distinct contexts and mechanisms for rights change reflecting legalization, negotiation, sovereignty, and domestic constraints. How a state moves through these actions determines how, when, and to what extent it will comply with the human rights treaties it commits to. Using legal, archival, and quantitative analysis this important book shows that disentangling legal paths to commitment reveals distinct and significant compliance outcomes. Legal context matters for human rights and has important implications for the conceptualization of treaty commitment, the consideration of non-binding commitment, and an optimistic outlook for the impact of human rights treaties.

Tax revenues have risen robustly across Latin America in recent decades, casting doubt on the region's reputation for having states too poor to finance economic and social development. However, dramatic differences persist in the magnitude of national tax burdens and public sector size, even among seemingly similar countries. This book examines the historical roots of this variation. Through in-depth case studies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico, as well as evidence from Ecuador and Guatemala, Ondetti reveals the lasting impact of historical episodes of redistributive reform that threatened property rights. Ironically, where such episodes were most extensive, they hindered future taxation by prompting economic elites and social conservatives to mobilize politically against state intervention, forming peak business associations, rightist parties, and other formal and informal organizations that have proven to be remarkably enduring.

Strikes, protests, and riots by Chinese workers have been rising over the past decade. The state has addressed a number of grievances, yet has also come down increasingly hard on civil society groups pushing for reform. Why are these two seemingly clashing developments occurring simultaneously? Manfred Elfstrom uses extensive fieldwork and statistical analysis to examine both the causes and consequences of protest. The book adopts a holistic approach, encompassing national trends in worker-state relations, local policymaking processes and the dilemmas of individual officials and activists. Instead of taking sides in the old debate over whether non-democracies like China's are on the verge of collapse or have instead found ways of maintaining their power indefinitely, it explores the daily evolution of autocratic rule. While providing a uniquely comprehensive picture of change in China, this important study proposes a new model of bottom-up change within authoritarian systems more generally.

Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) is one of the most important yet least understood Palestinian armed factions, both in terms of its history and ideology. Labelled a terrorist organization by the US and the EU, it has grown to become the second largest armed movement in the Gaza Strip and the third largest in the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Using a wealth of primary sources, this book traces the history of PIJ from its origins in the early 1980s to today. By looking at how the group was established, how it has developed in theory and practice, and how it understands religion and politics, Skare seeks to answer the key question of why the PIJ still exist despite the presence of its more powerful sister movement Hamas. In doing so, he fills an important empirical gap in the literature on Palestinian Islamism.

"The book examines the impact of aid to the Palestinian population in the Gaza Strip from the 1993 Oslo Agreement up to 2013. It attempts to go beyond the general notion that the Israeli occupation is the main instrument of control and de-development and rather tries to investigate these aspects and the dynamics that have surrounded foreign aid delivery in the Territory. At the socio-economic level, the book explores how donors' definition of partner for peace has exacerbated socio-economic inequalities within the Palestinian population in the Gaza Strip. The book also looks at how foreign aid has been used as an instrument for particular groups to advance politically, and through this socially and economically. Hence, the book attempts to investigate the resultant socio-economic imbalances within Palestinian society in the Gaza Strip.

Die geliebte Grossmutter Miriams, einer Universitätsdozentin in Freiburg, erleidet einen Schlaganfall. Nun beginnt Klara plötzlich französisch zu sprechen und Miriam kann das Phänomen zuerst nicht zuordnen. Nach und nach kommt ein Familiengeheimnis ans Licht. 1949, während der französischen Besatzung, hatte Klara einen französischen Geliebten. In dieser Zeit war "Fraternisierung" streng verboten. Miriam lässt das Geheimnis keine Ruhe. Mithilfe des Internets und ihrer guten Freundin Pia findet sie die Identität des "Franzosen" heraus. Sie wird ihrer Grossmutter helfen, mit diesem Kapitel aus der Vergangenheit in Frieden abzuschliessen und reist in die Bretagne. Dort findet auch sie ihre Vergangenheit, da ihre verunglückte Mutter ein Kind Klaras mit ihrer grossen französischen Liebe war ... - Wieder gelingt es der Autorin (zuletzt "Leas Spuren" ein Stück deutsch-französischer Geschichte lebendig zu machen. Im Wechsel zwischen Nachkriegszeit und Gegenwart werden alle Charaktere sehr liebevoll gezeichnet. Ein schöner Titel für alle Büchereien

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I Cybersecurity and Cyberdefense -- 1 An Analysis of Cyber Espionage Process -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Cyber Espionage -- 1.2.1 The Role of Malware in Cyber Espionage -- 1.3 General Process of Cyber Espionage -- 1.4 Discussion -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- 2 Portuguese Concerns and Impact on Behaviour About Cybersecurity: A Comparison with the European Average -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Cybersecurity Study in Europe -- 2.2.1 Europeans' Concerns About Cybersecurity -- 2.2.2 Impact on Behaviour -- 2.2.3 Impact on the Security of Online Accounts -- 2.2.4 Attitudes to Cybersecurity -- 2.3 Discussion -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Impact of Social Engineering Attacks: A Literature Review -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Methods -- 3.2.1 Research Questions -- 3.2.2 The Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria -- 3.2.3 Search Process -- 3.2.4 Analysis of Primary Studies -- 3.3 Results -- 3.4 Discussion -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Maritime Cyberdefense Actors Taxonomy for Command and Control -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Methodology -- 4.3 Maritime Cyberdefense Key Actors -- 4.4 Cyberdefense Capabilities -- 4.5 Cyberdefense Strategic Attitude -- 4.6 Complementary Classifications -- 4.7 Results -- 4.8 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Enabling Sustainable Management Through Kalman Filtering in glossaLAB: A Case Study on Cyber-Subsidiarity -- 5.1 Introduction: Lights and Shadows of Information Prosperity -- 5.2 An Alternative Architecture for the Digital World Based on Network Structural Properties -- 5.2.1 The Viable System Model as a Paradigm of Sustainability -- 5.3 Cyber-subsidiarity Model Applied to Interdisciplinary Knowledge Co-creation: Leveraging Transdisciplinarity -- 5.3.1 glossaLAB Project -- 5.3.2 Information Management for Sustainability and Autonomy.