Suchergebnisse

Nowadays, Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of coffee, also the second largest consumer of the beverage. The importance of ensuring food safety for consumers has influenced research to improve and monitor the final product quality. Coffee is a product that presents a high risk of fungal contamination, which can result in the presence of mycotoxins and poses risks to human and animal health. Therefore, this study aimed to standardize a chromatographic method to test and quantify ochratoxin A in 13 samples of green coffee beans. The green coffee beans were stored in sheds without temperature or humidity control. Samples were ground, and the analyte was extracted by a 3% methanol:sodium bicarbonate (1:2 v/v) solution. Ochratoxin A was quantified in a high performance liquid chromatograph. The method was validated by testing the selectivity, linearity, accuracy, limits of detection and quantification. The method presented robustness to the tested parameters and among the analyzed samples. Ochratoxin A was detected above the limit established by the legislation (75.19 µg kg-1) only in one sample. Overall, the storage of green coffee beans in these sheds was adequate, since 12 samples had a low content of ochratoxin A and they were within the limit established by legislation. Therefore, food safety was guaranteed without any severe mycotoxin contamination. ; Brasil actualmente es el mayor productor y exportador de café, siendo el segundo mayor consumidor. La importancia de garantizar la seguridad alimentaria al consumidor ha influenciado las investigaciones para mejorar y monitorear la calidad del producto final. El café es uno de los productos más susceptible a ser contaminado por hongos que pueden producir micotoxinas, lo cual representa un riesgo para la salud humana y animal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estandarizar un método cromatográfico para evaluar y cuantificar ocratoxina A en 13 muestras de granos verdes de café, almacenados en bodegas. Las muestras fueron molidas y el analito fue extraído en solución de metanol:bicarbonato de sodio 3% (1:1 v/v). La cuantificación de ocratoxina A fue realizada mediante un cromatógrafo líquido de alta eficiencia. El método fue validado evaluando los parámetros de selectividad, linealidad, exactitud y límites de detección y cuantificación. El método presentó robustez en los parámetros evaluados, y solamente en una de las muestras analizadas fueron encontrados valores superiores al límite establecido por la legislación (75,19 µg.Kg-1). El almacenamiento de granos de café verde en bodegas mostró ser adecuado en el presente trabajo, pues 12 muestras tuvieron bajos contenidos de ocratoxina A y estuvieron dentro de los límites establecidos por la legislación. De esa forma, se garantiza la seguridad alimentaria sin ninguna contaminación severa por micotoxinas. ; O Brasil é atualmente o maior produtor e exportador de café, sendo o segundo maior consumidor da bebida. A importância de se garantir a segurança alimentar ao consumidor tem influenciado em pesquisas para melhorar e monitorar a qualidade do produto final. Visto que o café é um dos produtos mais contaminados por fungos que podem produzir micotoxinas, representando riscos à saúde humana e animal. O objetivo do trabalho foi padronizar um método cromatográfico para avaliar e quantificar ocratoxina A em 13 amostras de grãos de café cru armazenados em galpão. As amostras de café foram moídas e o analito foi extraído em solução de metanol:bicarbonato de sódio 3% (1:1 v/v). Foi utilizado um cromatógrafo líquido de alta eficiência para a quantificação da ocratoxina A. O método foi validado avaliando-se os parâmetros de seletividade, linearidade, exatidão e limites de detecção e quantificação. O método apresentou robustez aos parâmetros avaliados e entre amostras analisadas, foram encontrados valores superiores ao limite estabelecido pela legislação somente em uma das amostras (75,19 µg.Kg-1). O método de armazenamento de grãos de café cru em galpão se apresentou adequado no presente trabalho, pois 12 amostras apresentaram baixas concentrações de ocratoxiana A, estando dentro dos limites da legislação. Assim, é garantida a segurança alimentar sem nenhuma contaminação severa de ocratoxina A.

Germany underwent a sociolegal process from strict drug prohibition to a multi-focus approach: harsh repression of drug supply and specific treatment against consumption. Criminal law now opens pathways to four different manners of demand reduction by treatment: commitment to closed forensic hospitals, combination of probation or parole with a treatment order, treatment within penitentiaries and deferring indictment or punishment in favour of treatment. Although each of these modalities represents coerced treatment, the methods are diverse and can be of the drug-free or maintenance type as well as in- or out-patient treatment. Evidently there are conceptual and implementation problems to each of these strategies. But all in all they represent the insight that drug behaviour can only be changed by public health measures rather than by criminal law as such.

The economic policy of the majority of the world states which felt influence of crisis 2008 is directed on improvement of conditions of doing business for the purpose of increasing business activity in national economy. Thus the developed western countries had opportunity to overcome the most negative consequences of crisis within several years. In turn, Ukraine, despite active state participation in economic life of society, shows essential reduction of business activity. Such situation makes actual researches of a question the application of economic policy and consequences of its influence on business activity in economy. Methods of economic policy applied by the state to achieve the goals are considered. They are subdivided into direct and indirect (mediated) methods in economic literature. The analysis of actions of the government after shift of power in 2014 shows that application of a tax policy as an important component of economic policy, is directed on increase the tax revenues for the treasury. Along with positive consequences for a condition of public finances such steps of the government led toa number of negative consequences for business activity of national economy. It ispossible to distinguish negative influence of the specified measures on composite demand in economy, a further strengthening of a tenization of economy, curtailing of business activity in separate branches, in particular gas, etc. Recommendations need to be considered when reforming a tax policy are offered.

В Республике Таджикистан поэтапно формируются условия, благоприятствующие дальнейшему расширению международного экономического сотрудничества. К важнейшим приоритетным направлениям, обеспечивающим взаимовыгодное сотрудничество, можно отнести гидроэнергетику, горнодобывающую и горноперерабатывающую промышленность, добычу, переработку драгоценных металлов и камней, производство строительных материалов, переработку продукции сельского хозяйства. Автор статьи с помощью конкретных примеров подтверждает, что политика «открытых дверей», объявленная Правительством страны в 2005 году, приобретает всё более качественный уровень, расширяя географию и спектр охватываемых проблем внешнеэкономической деятельности. ; The conditions which are favorable to further extension of international economical cooperation are formed stage by stage in the Republic of Tajikistan. To the most prior directions providing mutual cooperation we can refer the hydropower engineering, mining and mine processing industry, mineral products, processing of precious metals and stones, the production of construction materials, processing of agricultural productions. The author of the article, by vivid and concrete examples confirms that the policy of open doors, declared by Government of the country from 2005, gains the more qualitative level, extending the geography and the spectrum of the foreign economic activity.

AbstractRecent changes in Australia, such as the new public management and national competition policy, have affected the way that human services are provided and have complicated the role of volunteer coordinators. However, because volunteers are free to choose their level of contribution, it is the volunteers' perspective that is the ultimate yardstick against which their coordination is assessed. The aim of the research examined here was a deeper understanding of women volunteers' and their coordinators' views of their work. The research was conducted within a qualitative paradigm, employing individual and focus group interviews. The analysis identified eight areas of concern for volunteers around their management. The analysis of the coordinators' interviews revealed three coordination styles—horizontal, nurturing, and managerial—of which the managerial was most in conflict with the volunteers' perspective.

"Practical Statistics is a clear and concise introduction and reference guide for those studying business and management at postgraduate level, MBA students and professionals. It gives the reader a solid understanding of statistics without being too simple or mind-numbingly complex. It turns statistics, often perceived as being difficult and pointless, into something approachable and sensible. John Buglear emphasises the importance of working back from results rather than working out results. He starts the book with basic concepts which get increasingly harder, as well as using simple metaphors to aid understanding"--

"Very few of the decision makers involved in a venture backed company have a definitive understanding of how valuation techniques are being applied to their financial statements and their decision making process. This casebook provides a quick and accurate road map on how valuation techniques used for tax, financial reporting and deal structure impact a company's past, present and future. The book includes real world case studies to simplify this complex subject for the practitioners serving companies, the founders and executives running the companies, and the investors that fund the companies"--

The study examined the effect of instructional leadership on school performance. Instructional leadership is a process that how quality practices: building and sustaining the school vision, monitoring of curriculum and instruction, leading a learning community, data gathering and assessing, and shared leadership were implemented by head teachers effectively. School performance is defined as the attainment of targets by teachers, students and schools. In district Sahiwal, head teachers were evaluated for instructional leadership by their SSTs (N=1026) on HTEQ. For school performance, a score of student achievement were obtained from their schools, while data on factors: cleanliness of schools, student presence, the functionality of facilities, and teacher presence were obtained through monthly visit reports of MEAs. The study revealed that head teachers were used practices of instructional leadership effectively and excellent level of schools' performance were found. The study explored a moderate relationship between variables (r=.54), and a 39 % variance in school performance could be explained through instructional leadership. The recommendations were also added in the study.

1. Introduction -- Part one. Collecting queer data. 2. A history of queer data collection ; 3. Queer data in the Equality Act ; 4. Queer collection methods ; 5. Censuses ; 6. International approaches to queer data collection -- Section two. Analysing queer data. 7. Making sense of queer data ; 8. Intersectional analysis -- Section three. Using queer data. 9. Maintenance of the status quo ; 10. Your place to speak ; 11. For political action -- 12. Conclusion.

This document analyses current and emerging usage of structural biology data in the context of different biomedical Research Infrastructures (RIs). It is produced by West-Life as Deliverable 3.5 in close collaboration with other RIs and, specifically, in the context of the European Union CORBEL project (http://www.corbel-project.eu, CORBEL "Coordinated Research Infrastructures Building Enduring Life-science Services"). Structural data, especially in the form of sets of atomic coordinates, are considered by all RIs in the Biomedical arena as very relevant, especially for ELIXIR, Euro-BioImaging and EU-OPENSCREEN. Specific coordination actions among these RIs may provide new synergies to be considered in current and future RI integration projects, such as CORBEL. Another area worth of exploration is the coordination of Instruct-ERIC and other biomedical research infrastructures to fulfil EOSC vision; in this context is particularly important to draw the attention of all biomedical RIs on the coming call of projects under INFRAEOSC-04-2018: Connecting ESFRI infrastructures through Cluster projects.

The analysis of Russian energy policies after the political crisis in and around Ukraine offers important insights with respect to the economic and geopolitical repercussions. The structural changes made in the Russian energy sector have been significant and include both internal and external dimensions. The Russian energy sector is under stress and has to adapt to low oil and gas prices, economic sanctions and increasing competition on international energy markets. Against the background of this turbulence on the energy markets, Russian energy companies are pursuing various strategies: a shift to Asia and asset swaps with Chinese and Indian companies, stronger integration within the Eurasian Union and changing strategies on the European energy markets. The structural changes have been reinforced by recent geopolitical developments, which have led to the deterioration of EU-Russia energy relations and the securitisation of energy questions. However, despite immediate intentions to diversify away from one another, the EU and Russia will remain dependent on each other in the gas and oil sectors at least for the next 10 years. The current study provides insights into current changes in the Russian gas, oil and electricity sectors, highlights potential implications for the European energy market, considers the current status of EU-Russia energy relations and presents some recommendations for further bilateral cooperation and energy dialogue. (SWP Research Paper)