Suchergebnisse

Das Werk analysiert das Verhältnis und den Beitrag Deutschlands zu einer staatenübergreifenden Gerichtsbarkeit im Zeitraum von 1899 bis etwa 1927 auf völkerrechtswissenschaftlicher, außenpolitischer und historischer Ebene. Die deutsche Kehrtwende von der starren, souveränitätsbetonten Haltung auf den beiden Haager Friedenskonferenzen bis zur Anerkennung des Ständigen Internationalen Gerichtshofs steht im Spannungsfeld von einzelstaatlichem Souveränitätsanspruch und den Bedürfnissen einer Völkerrechtsgemeinschaft. Dabei kristallisiert die Autorin den Souveränitätsbegriff als Vehikel und Spielball meist politischer Erwägungen heraus, die letztlich die Argumentation zur internationalen Gerichtsbarkeit prägten. Zunächst überwog sowohl auf wissenschaftlicher als auch politischer Ebene das Interesse, Deutschland im Machtgefüge der übrigen Staaten zu etablieren. In den Weltkriegsjahren und danach verstärkte die pazifistische Völkerrechtslehre zugunsten der internationalen Gerichtsbarkeit ihren Einfluss und auch das Auswärtige Amt hatte Einsicht in die politische Notwendigkeit, die niederlagebedingte militärische Schwächung durch ein höheres Maß an Rechtsverbindlichkeit auszugleichen

Contiene: The campaign against tuberculosis / A. Costa.-- Págs. 1012-1013.-- The antituberculosis campaign in the army

Contiene: Contribution to the study of venereal prophylaxis in military centers / A. Damazio.-- Págs. 1018-1019.-- The antivenereal campaign in the Army

Contiene: So-called asphyxiating gases: critical comments, medico-social data / S. Businco.-- Págs. 1043-1045.-- Poison gases in warfare

Contiene: The effects of asphyxiating and lacrymogenic gases as studied during the war (1916-1918) ; protective measures and treatment / A. Lustig.-- Págs. 1045-1047.-- Poison gases in warfare

Contiene: The water problem in the field; chemical control and purification / A. Rolland.-- Pág. 1055.-- The purification of water in the field

Introduction: Since the start of pandemic new variants have been evolving and moving from one country to another either by air travel or ground crossings.Objective: To find out factors associated with noncompliance of recommended guidelines by international passengers so that we can improve the arrangements at airports where required, improve future preparedness, and give recommendations to concerned authorities for improvement in enforcing guidelines.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Islamabad International Airport during the months of June and July 2021. The study population included international arriving passengers aged 12 years and above. Questions were asked about following guidelines before boarding, on board, and after disembarkation. Twenty questions were asked to assess compliance level. A median cut off value was set for assessment of noncompliance.Results: The male to female ratio was 1:1. The age range was 12 – 75 years. The odds of noncompliance to guidelines was higher in females compared to males. The results revealed a significant association between region of arrival of respondents and noncompliance. Passengers arriving from Afghanistan, France , UK and USA were more likely to be noncompliant to guidelines (p-value = 0.00). There was a significant association between occupation of participants and noncompliance. Housewives and retired were more likely to be noncompliant (p-value = 0.00). A significant association was observed between vaccinated people and noncompliance.Conclusion: Travelers arriving from some specific countries were noncompliant to guidelines. Vaccinated were most noncompliant which indicates still we need to work on awareness and need legislations, fines or travel restrictions to noncompliant travellers.

The field of international relations is one of few corners of the social sciences in which it has been relatively easy to avoid an encounter with Karl Marx and Marxist thought. Arguably, the reverse has also been true. Whatever the reasons for that mutual ambivalence, this essay claims Marx as a serious theorist of the international, not just a pamphleteer or tactician. It does so primarily by rereading his response to the suppression of the Paris Commune, The Civil War in France. Marx's essay, lively and provocative, challenges the distinction between 'domestic politics' and 'international relations,' and suggests that the ontological building blocks of international theory – the state and war – are revealed as historically unstable by 'the most tremendous war of modern times.' While Marx later reconsidered some of his analysis, The Civil War in France retains its interrogatory power especially in relation to contemporary instances of international political violence.