Suchergebnisse

The editors of the introduction substantiate the themes, problems,and methodology of the study of the development of international relations in Eastern Europe. The authors justify the chronological framework of the research, the topics and problems, the structure of the materials, the general characteristics of the sources used by the authors, and gives a description of the research methods. The authors' team consists of representatives of various disciplines – historians, internationalists, political scientists, diplomats, working both in research institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences and in scientific and pedagogical institutions. The focus is on the period 2014–2021 – the turn in relations between Russia and the West (NATO and the EU), including the countries of Central-Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine up to the sharp aggravation of relations at the regional and global levels, which manifested and, in part, the cause of which was the Russian military operation on the territory of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The studies included in this issue are written on the basis of different types of sources – official documents (international treaties, declarations, diplomatic and political documents of Russia, EU and NATO, Central Eastern and South-Eastern European countries, media materials, journalism, scientific and analytical works. On the basis of these materials the general picture of the international relations in the East (Central-Eastern and South-Eastern Europe) during the specified period is created, the essence of various forms of interaction of the countries of the region between themselves, with the Russian Federation and the European and Euro-Atlantic structures, and also the essence of global and Eurasian relations is revealed.

Commercialization model of intellectual property products in a coordinated and integral unity with socio-economic mechanisms based on the best global achievements in this field is considered. A social, economic, and historical substantiation of general civilizational and unique features of the formation and development of venture management mechanisms for intellectual property is given. It is shown that formation of socio-economic foundations for innovative development of the country has been very difficult, painful, and contradictory. In the process of education and science system reforming, goals are sometimes replaced by means, reforms appear to be self-sufficient values; market economy levers, while being a way of the most complete satisfaction of individual creative needs, turn into their opposite. Traditional methods of managing scientific activity in the context of social instability do not contribute to creation of a climate and a space that would be conducive to scientific and technical work and based on the freedom of enterprise, which includes such components as creativity, risk appetite, independent choice of alternatives, self-initiative, business culture, and others. A scientifically based and technologized concept of transferring intellectual products is presented. It is proved that only by adequately comprehending the nature of venture business, having reliably determined its social, economic, and psychological parameters, its role in the socio-political and economic self-organization of society, one can possibly speak with some degree of predictability and foreseeability about effectively mainstreaming positive factors of an innovative breakthrough in Russia. ; peer-reviewed

"Released July 1978"--P. [3] of cover. ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Problemstellungen, Analysen, Lösungsstrategien: Eine systemische Bestandsaufnahme

The paper deals with the legal institute of transboundary environmental
impact assessment and its application in concrete reality of international
relations. The article starts from the recent judgment of the ICJ in the
environmental dispute between Costa Rica and Nicaragua which was based on the
analysis of the content, legal status and mode of application of this
institute. The author firstly gives a brief overview of factual background
and legal history of the dispute so as to enable the reader to understand the
context of the judgment. The author points the climate and environmental
factors that create the politically tense climate in the region. Then, the
legal analysis of transboundary environmental impact assessment in general
international law is given through the overview of legal scholarship, treaty
norms and international jurisprudence. A separate section is devoted to the
application of this institute in the branch of international law which
regulates the use of international watercourses, since the crux of the
dispute is about the usage of the shared San Juan river and its ecosystems.
In the last part, the interpretation of this institute in the disposition of
the judgment of the ICJ is given, and some examples of Court?s argumentation
which represent a new understanding of some elements of this institute or
which clear previous dilemmas concerning the modes of interpretation are
presented. The author points out also that the Court has missed the
opportunity to shed additional light on the mode of application of this
institute in the emergency cases on the territory of the state which is under
an obligation to apply it. The article concludes with the statement that the
judgment in the dispute between Costa Rica and Nicaragua has on the whole
contributed to the established status of this institute as the norm of
general international law, however, it still stands for further legal
practice to define the precise contents of the procedure for its application.

Der Verfasser wendet sich der weltpolitischen Bedeutung der USA zu und erläutert diese unter Hinweis auf Bereiche, in denen eine US-amerikanische Vormachtstellung bereits erreicht ist oder zumindest angestrebt wird. Das Sendungsbewusstsein, mit dem die amerikanische Mission und die eigenen ökonomischen Interessen vorwärts getrieben werden, kann aber die Grenzen der Macht nicht vollständig verdecken. Der Verfasser erkennt solche Limitierungen in den innenpolitischen Problemen der Haushalts- und Sozialpolitik oder in den Sicherheits- und Wirtschaftskonflikten, die nur durch internationale Zusammenarbeit zu lösen sind. Eine mögliche Perspektive zur Domestikation des US-amerikanischen Machtstrebens könnten kooperative Handlungsgefüge sein, in denen der Führungsanspruch der USA berücksichtigt und zugleich in eine internationale Kooperationsgemeinschaft eingebunden wird. (ICE2)

Front Cover -- Book Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part One: Conditions -- 1. Sickly Sapling, Glorious Tree? -- 2. Multilateralism and Engagement -- 3. The US Global Security Guarantee and UN Collective Security -- Part Two: Heuristics -- 4. Always Engage: The United States and the Security Council -- 5. Sometimes Engage: Internal UN Management and the General Secretariat, the Buyout of the UN-that-Works, and Containment of the UN-that-Doesn't -- 6. Parallel Engagement: International Development and Global Human Welfare -- 7. Disengage and Obstruct: The UN-of-Values and the Human Rights Council -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- About the Author -- About the Hoover Institution's Koret-Taube Task Force on National Security and Law -- Index.