Suchergebnisse

Résumé Le nouveau management public (NMP) est un ensemble de réformes institutionnelles qui ont été mises en œuvre dans de vastes régions du monde. Les réformes du NMP contiennent des éléments de centralisation ainsi que de fragmentation. Dans la présente communication, nous examinons l'importance relative de ces éléments et proposons une perspective comparative au moyen d'une analyse du secteur ferroviaire dans les pays scandinaves. Notre fondement empirique est composé d'analyses documentaires et d'entretiens de recherche documentaire. Notre communication poursuit un double objectif. D'abord, nous tentons de comprendre le dosage de fragmentation et de coordination utilisé dans chaque pays. Ensuite, nous essayons d'expliquer les variations dans ces dosages nationaux. Ces explications sont issues de nos perspectives analytiques : 1) la trajectoire de fragmentation et de coordination, 2) la dépendance au chemin parcouru, 3) la métaphore de l'équilibre intermittent et 4) l'orientation politique. Les différences observées semblent trouver leur origine dans les traditions politico-administratives divergentes, ainsi que dans les événements actuels. Aucune perspective analytique ne permet cependant à elle seule d'expliquer totalement l'ensemble des différences observées. Remarques à l'intention des praticiens Les chercheurs en administration publique disent souvent que les réformes du nouveau management public contribuent généralement à la fragmentation organisationnelle. Notre étude indique pourtant que dans le secteur ferroviaire, l'importance relative de la fragmentation et de la coordination varie considérablement, même dans des pays relativement similaires comme les pays scandinaves.

PurposeThe "Training to Communicate" research (1999‐2001) explored "communication" training needs and provision in 76 health and social care public and independent sector agencies in London and South East England, including enhancement of work with adults having communication impairments. The focus of this paper is to examine how training managers discussed their activities and constructed their identities as training "experts".Design/methodology/approachSeventeen semi‐structured interviews with male and female managers responsible for key aspects of training (workforce development) in public health trusts or social services agencies are analysed using a narrative approach. The wider project included a questionnaire‐based survey of agency representatives and documentary analysis of training materials.FindingsHealth and social care services were undergoing extensive reorganization as part of wider managerialist agendas. Discourses of "change", "continuous improvement" and "quality" therefore pervaded all aspects of these organizations. Interviewees identified with "new" (managerial) occupational knowledges and identities but some appeared to be in an ambiguous position, negotiating between "new" occupational knowledges and identities, and "old" identities based on occupational/practitioner expertise. Aspects of this positioning appeared gendered; female interviewees often readily embraced "new" managerialist identity(ies). Interviewees discussed collaborative processes (in "space" not "place"), including networking, managing relationships with other managers within the organization, and broader "political" awareness, to justify their own positions, responsibilities and performances as "training" experts.Originality/valueThis research extends theories on gendered performances in higher education contexts to public sector, work‐based education settings.

PurposeThis study seeks to examine the empirical link in export market ventures of the relationship between the internet (when it is used for communication, networking, market research, sales, image enhancement, cost reduction and competitive advantage purposes) and export marketing performance.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered via a self‐administered mail survey of Australian exporters. The sample consisted of 133 Australian firms coming from a wide cross‐section of industries.FindingsThe findings indicate that, when the internet was used to achieve a competitive advantage for the firm and reduce the costs associated in doing international business, these uses of the internet were significant in discriminating between high and low export marketing performance. Furthermore, the international experience of the export venture's management was a significant factor in discriminating between high and low export marketing performance.Research limitations/implicationsFrom a methodological perspective, a potential concern may be that the measures are all self‐reported. Consequently, the relationships tested may be susceptible to the influence of common method variance. Evidence has been provided that, when the internet is used for cost reduction purposes and as a competitive weapon, this will have a positive impact on export marketing performance.Originality/valueA major contribution of this study is that it re‐validates measures for the different uses of the internet, namely, communication, networking, market research, sales, image enhancement, cost reduction and competitive advantage.

PurposeDespite the availability of methods and techniques designed to assist with predictive and retrospective evaluation of ICT initiatives, management continues to struggle to perform meaningful evaluations, and the measurement of ICT investment payoff remains a challenge. A recurring problem associated with failed ICT‐based investment is poor change management. This paper aims to focus on the value of understanding the change management aspects of ICT investments.Design/methodology/approachA framework was developed from a study of the change management literature. An empirical investigation involving a qualitative case study approach was then conducted in order to assess the efficacy of the framework during the evaluation process.FindingsBusiness benefit from ICT is likely only when ICT investment is accompanied by appropriate change management skills. The study highlights the particular importance of communication, championing and change agency, resources, and the project timescale.Research limitations/implicationsResults were generated from a single case study. It is also acknowledged that it is unclear what impact (if any) a parallel project had on the project under investigation.Practical implicationsThe paper highlights the value of effective change management, placing particular emphasis on effective communication during all stages of a project.Originality/valueThe paper explicitly employs change management techniques in order to identify potential problem areas. It recommends longitudinal research be conducted in order to employ the framework during both ex ante and ex post evaluation for a single initiative.

Over the last thirty years, the MIL-STD 1553B data bus has been used in many embedded systems, like aircrafts, ships, missiles and satellites. However, the increasing number and complexity of interconnected subsystems lead to emerging needs for more communication bandwidth. Therefore, a new interconnection system is needed to overcome the limitations of the MIL-STD 1553B data bus. Among several high speed networks, Full Duplex Switched Ethernet is put forward here as an attractive candidate to replace the MIL-STD 1553B data bus. However, the key argument against Switched Ethernet lies in its non-deterministic behavior that makes it inadequate to deliver hard timeconstrained communications. Hence, our primary objective in this paper is to achieve an accepted QoS level offered by Switched Ethernet, to support diverse "1553B"-based applications requirements. We evaluate the performance of traffic shaping techniques on Full Duplex Switched Ethernet with an adequate choice of service strategy in the switch, to guarantee the real-time constraints required by these specific 1553B-based applications. An analytic study is conducted, using the Network Calculus formalism, to evaluate the deterministic guarantees offered by our approach. Theoretical analysis are then investigated in the case of a realistic "1553B"-based application extracted from a real military aircraft network. The results herein show the ability of profiled Full Duplex Switched Ethernet to satisfy 1553B-like real-time constraints.

Das Internet entwickelt sich immer mehr, sowohl im privaten, als auch im geschäftlichen Bereich, von einem reinen Kommunikations- und Informationsmittel zu einem globalen elektronischen Handel – dem sog. Electronic Commerce. Mittels globaler Kommunikationsnetze entsteht weltweit ein Marktplatz, auf dem Rechtsgeschäfte abgeschlossen werden. Der Abschluss von Verträgen mittels moderner Telekommunikationsmittel wie Internet oder E-Mail unterscheidet sich von traditionellen Formen des Vertragsabschlusses. Zweck dieser Arbeit ist zu zeigen, ob der Electronic Commerce auf einer rechtlich gesicherten Basis die traditionellen Weisen des Vertragsabschlusses ersetzen kann. Dabei wird im Hinblick auf das Vertragsrecht sowohl die Vereinbarkeit der Normen der BGB mit den Anforderungen des Internets verglichen als auch zu gesetzgeberischen Regelungen und Vorschlägen Stellung genommen. Dabei ist die rasante Entwicklung des Internets bzw. die Rechtsprechung und Legislative in diesem Bereich, zu berücksichtigen. ; More and more the internet has been developing in the private as well as in the business sector from a mere communication and information device to a platform of global electronic trade – the so-called Electronic Commerce. Through global communication networks a marketplace is emerging worldwide, which allows for legal transactions. The conclusion of contracts via modern telecommunication devices like the internet or email is different from traditional forms of contract conclusion. This work's purpose is to show if Electronic Commerce can substitute the traditional ways of contract conclusion on a legally firmed basis. In the process with regard to contract law both the compatibility of BGB's (German civil code) regulations is compared with the specifications of the internet and legislative acts and suggestions are commented on. Thereby the fast development of the internet as well as legal practice and legislation in this purview has to be considered.

Abstract

E‐mail Communication


Where to Go For Membership Cards


Encourage Higher Giving


Change Membership Levels to Encourage Upgrades


Website Contents


Showcase Opportunities for Involvement


Explore New Types Of Member Benefits


Organizing Tips


Membership Cards Offer Easy Reference


Team‐building Games


Show How Teamwork Can Solve Problems


New Communication Tool


Write a Blog to Network, Inform


The Latest From The Web


Board Self‐evaluations Available Online


How to Overcome Obstacles


Special Incentives


Offer Members Free 'Dino‐mite' Deals


Offer Facility Tours For New Members


Increase Your Visibility


FAQ Page Serves Members


Strategic Planning


Examine Data Before Setting Plans for Growth


The Dollars And Cents Of Recruitment


Members Earn Cash for New Recruits


Host Parties for Prospects


A Way To Re‐engage Members


Create a Mentoring Program


Compiling Contact Information


Ways to Gain E‐mail Addresses


Keep up on Trends For Successful Trade Show


Member‐review Techniques


Board Evaluations Improve Organization, Funding Options


Member‐recruiting‐member Campaigns


Organize a Member Phone Bank


Member Feedback


Get Member Input on Traveling Exhibits


Bring Out The Best In Your Members


Engage Your Members to Boost Productivity


Show Off Member Pride


Should You Provide Members Lapel Pins?


Organizations That Offer Pins


Where to Go for Lapel Pins


Appreciation Series Shows Member Benefits


BYO Raffles Increase Member Involvement


Give Member Packets A New Look


Welcome Packages Attract Membership


Effective Customer Service


Refund Policies Can Maintain Integrity

There is a growing commitment within science centres and museums to deploy computer-based exhibits to enhance participation and engage visitors with socio-scientific issues. As yet however, we have little understanding of the interaction and communication that arises with and around these forms of exhibits, and the extent to which they do indeed facilitate engagement. In this paper, we examine the use of novel computer-based exhibits to explore how people, both alone and with others, interact with and around the installations. The data are drawn from video-based field studies of the conduct and communication of visitors to the Energy Gallery at London's Science Museum. The paper explores how visitors transform their activity with and around computer-based exhibits into performances, and how such performances create shared experiences. It reveals how these performances can attract other people to become an audience to an individual's use of the system and subsequently sustain their engagement with both the performance and the exhibit. The observations and findings of the study are used to reflect upon the extent to which the design of exhibits enables particular forms of co-participation or shared experiences, and to develop design sensitivities that exhibition managers and designers may consider when wishing to engender novel ways of engagement and participation with and around computer-based exhibits.

Dans cet article, les auteures analysent une des premières listes de discussion électronique féministes canadiennes, PAR‐L (Liste politique, action, recherche). En se fondant en grande partie sur les résultats d'un sondage en ligne effectué auprès des abonnées et abonnés de PAR‐L, elles démontrent que, même chez les féministes sensibles aux questions de diversité et d'egalité, les écarts de pouvoir liés au sexe, à l'âge, au langage et à l'affiliation professionnelle influent sur l'interaction en ligne. Alors qu'elles reconnaissent que la présence simultanée de différences dans un espace partagé crée des tensions, elles soutiennent que cette caractéristique a également le potentiel d'améliorer la communication démocratique et d'approfondir la compréhension mutuelle à l'intérieur du mouvement des femmes, menant à un plus grand sens de la connexité et du bien‐etre chez les participantes.This paper presents an analysis of one of Canada's first feminist electronic discussion lists, PAR‐L (Policy, Action, Research List). Based largely on the results of an on‐line survey of PAR‐L subscribers, we show that, even among feminists sensitive to issues of diversity and equality, power differentials related to gender, age, language and professional affiliation influence on‐line interaction. While we acknowledge that the co‐presence of differences in a shared space creates tensions, we argue that it also has the potential to enhance democratic communication and deepen mutual understanding within the women's movement, leading to a greater sense of connectedness and well‐being among participants.

PurposeSince its Green Paper (2002) entitled "Promoting a European framework for Corporate Social Responsibility", the European Commission multiplies communications and actions about corporate social responsibility (CSR). The purpose of this article is to question the emergence of CSR as a paradigm of the European referential in terms of public policy.Design/methodology/approachThis article analyses the emergence of this concept in the Community Action asking the question of the nature of this action and the link with the main Community policies. To achieve it the research leans on a public policy analysis by a mixed approach founded on a causal analysis and a cognitive approach.FindingsIf the main theoretical founders of the discourse about CSR seem to be effectively inspired by the North American school of business ethics, in fact we can also argue that there are some specificities in Community action in CSR. More than a specific policy of CSR in the Community, CSR seems to become an element of transversal policy which has to be re‐considered in the larger triptych "CSR‐sustainable development‐governance" promoted by European Commission as a way of a new European regulation.Research limitations/implicationsThis hypothesis should have to be worth thinking about in the light of the new communication of European Commission published in 2006 and future development.Originality/valueOpening the question of the specificity of a CSR European approach, this article also offers a new contribution to the debate on the European regulation process.

PurposeTo examine the relationship between behavioural intentions and preparing for bushfire hazards and to test the hypothesis that intentions can inform how people reason about their relationship with environmental hazards.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from 280 residents in high bushfire risk areas and analysed using multiple regression analysis. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a theoretical sample drawn from those who completed the survey. Data were analysed using grounded theory analysis strategies using the ATLAS.ti data analysis programme following the procedures for open, axial, and selective coding.FindingsThe analyses demonstrated that preparedness intentions reflect the outcomes of different ways of reasoning about their relationship with bushfire hazards and that "preparing" and "not preparing" represent discrete processes. Each outcome was supported by different attitudes towards preparing and by different predictor variables.Research limitations/implicationsPreparing and not preparing for natural hazards should be conceptualised as separate processes and additional research into their origins and precursors is required.Practical implicationsSeparate risk communication strategies are needed to counter reasons for "not preparing" and facilitate "preparing". Strategies should accommodate the attitudes and beliefs that underpin these outcomes. To facilitate sustained preparedness, strategies should assist people to negotiate issues required to arrive at a decision to adopt protective measures.Originality/valueProvides novel insights into the relationship between people and natural hazards. It identifies a need to re‐think how risk communication strategies are developed and delivered.

International audience ; L'espace rural marocain connaît des restructurations profondes suite aux redéfinitions des rôles de l'Etat et des acteurs locaux dans le développement agricole. Les orientations du Plan d'Ajustement Structurel visent à réduire l'interventionnisme de l'administration. Les sociétés rurales sont davantage sollicitées pour participer aux programmes de développement et à se structurer pour une gestion collective des ressources naturelles. Ce discours, assez mobilisateur, trouve difficilement un prolongement et une adhésion au niveau local. Dans les périmètres de grande hydraulique les rapports entre les différents acteurs de développement et les perceptions mutuelles constituent des blocages de taille pour l'instauration de nouveaux mécanismes de gouvernance. Des difficultés d'accès à l'eau - souvent perçue comme propriété de l'Etat -, la révision des mécanismes de répartition et de gestion ont produit des formes d'agriculture marginales. Dans un contexte de réduction notable des ressources humaines et financières des ORMVA et d'une faible organisation des populations, la communication interpersonnelle ainsi que l'animation locale sont à réinventer. Cet article s'interroge sur les rôles que peuvent jouer les supports de communication dans le processus de régulation des perceptions mutuelles et dans le développement d'un plateforme de négociation. La démarche adoptée est centrée sur des analyse qualitatives des changements d'attitudes et de perceptions à travers le cas de quatre supports vidéo produit dans un périmètre de grande hydraulique au Maroc et qui posent les principales problématiques liées à la modernisation et l'organisation de l'agriculture irriguée

International audience ; L'espace rural marocain connaît des restructurations profondes suite aux redéfinitions des rôles de l'Etat et des acteurs locaux dans le développement agricole. Les orientations du Plan d'Ajustement Structurel visent à réduire l'interventionnisme de l'administration. Les sociétés rurales sont davantage sollicitées pour participer aux programmes de développement et à se structurer pour une gestion collective des ressources naturelles. Ce discours, assez mobilisateur, trouve difficilement un prolongement et une adhésion au niveau local. Dans les périmètres de grande hydraulique les rapports entre les différents acteurs de développement et les perceptions mutuelles constituent des blocages de taille pour l'instauration de nouveaux mécanismes de gouvernance. Des difficultés d'accès à l'eau - souvent perçue comme propriété de l'Etat -, la révision des mécanismes de répartition et de gestion ont produit des formes d'agriculture marginales. Dans un contexte de réduction notable des ressources humaines et financières des ORMVA et d'une faible organisation des populations, la communication interpersonnelle ainsi que l'animation locale sont à réinventer. Cet article s'interroge sur les rôles que peuvent jouer les supports de communication dans le processus de régulation des perceptions mutuelles et dans le développement d'un plateforme de négociation. La démarche adoptée est centrée sur des analyse qualitatives des changements d'attitudes et de perceptions à travers le cas de quatre supports vidéo produit dans un périmètre de grande hydraulique au Maroc et qui posent les principales problématiques liées à la modernisation et l'organisation de l'agriculture irriguée

International audience ; L'espace rural marocain connaît des restructurations profondes suite aux redéfinitions des rôles de l'Etat et des acteurs locaux dans le développement agricole. Les orientations du Plan d'Ajustement Structurel visent à réduire l'interventionnisme de l'administration. Les sociétés rurales sont davantage sollicitées pour participer aux programmes de développement et à se structurer pour une gestion collective des ressources naturelles. Ce discours, assez mobilisateur, trouve difficilement un prolongement et une adhésion au niveau local. Dans les périmètres de grande hydraulique les rapports entre les différents acteurs de développement et les perceptions mutuelles constituent des blocages de taille pour l'instauration de nouveaux mécanismes de gouvernance. Des difficultés d'accès à l'eau - souvent perçue comme propriété de l'Etat -, la révision des mécanismes de répartition et de gestion ont produit des formes d'agriculture marginales. Dans un contexte de réduction notable des ressources humaines et financières des ORMVA et d'une faible organisation des populations, la communication interpersonnelle ainsi que l'animation locale sont à réinventer. Cet article s'interroge sur les rôles que peuvent jouer les supports de communication dans le processus de régulation des perceptions mutuelles et dans le développement d'un plateforme de négociation. La démarche adoptée est centrée sur des analyse qualitatives des changements d'attitudes et de perceptions à travers le cas de quatre supports vidéo produit dans un périmètre de grande hydraulique au Maroc et qui posent les principales problématiques liées à la modernisation et l'organisation de l'agriculture irriguée