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The Routledge Handbook of Differentiation in the European Union offers an essential collection of ground-breaking chapters reflecting on the causes and consequences of this complex phenomenon. With contributions from key experts in this sub-field of European Studies, it will become a key volume used for those interested in learning the nuts and bolts of differentiation as a mechanism of (dis)integration in the European Union, especially in the light of Brexit. Organised around five key themes, it offers an authoritative 'encyclopaedia' of differentiation and addresses questions such as: How can one define differentiation in the European Union in the light of the most recent events? Does differentiation create more challenges or opportunities for the European Union? Is Europe moving away from an 'ever closer Union' and heading towards an 'ever more differentiated Union', especially as leading political figures across Europe favour the use of differentiation to reconcile divergences between member states? This handbook is essential reading and an authoritative reference for scholars, students, researchers and practitioners involved in, and actively concerned about, research in the study of European integration. As European differentiation is multi-faceted and involves a wide range of actors and policies, it will be of further interest to those working on countries and/or in policy areas where differentiation is an increasingly relevant feature.

"This book draws on critical theory to introduce readers to ways of exploring questions about the EU from a political economy perspective, questions like: -Does the EU help or hinder Europe's 'social models' to face the challenges of globalization? - Does the EU represent a break from Europe's imperial past? - What were the causes of the Eurozone crisis?."--

Intro -- Vorwort -- Autorinnen und Autoren -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- 1 Die Politisierung der Europäischen Union und die Rolle der Parteien. Konzeptionelle Grundlagen, Desiderate und Perspektiven -- 1 Einleitung -- 2 Das Konzept der Politisierung -- 3 EU-Politisierung und europäische Öffentlichkeit -- 4 Ursachen der Politisierung -- 5 Parteien und die Politisierung der EU -- 6 Folgen der Politisierung -- 7 Zentrale Befunde der Politisierungsforschung -- 8 Aufbau des Sammelbandes -- Literatur -- Teil I EU-Politisierung und Parteienwettbewerb -- 2 Restrukturierung des west - europäischen Parteienwettbewerbs in der großen Rezession -- 1 Einleitung -- 2 Restrukturierung des Parteienwettbewerbs in Nord-westeuropa: Langfristige Trends -- 3 Restrukturierung des Parteienwettbewerbs in der großen Rezession: Unsere Erwartungen -- 4 Daten und Methoden -- 5 Empirische Resultate -- 5.1 Zunehmende Politisierung ökonomischer und/oder neuer kultureller Themen? -- 5.2 Akzentuierung der dreipoligen Konfiguration oder neue Bipolarität? -- 6 Schlussfolgerungen: Kontinuität im Wandel -- Literatur -- Anhang -- 3 Europawahlen 2014. Die Wahl euroskeptischer Parteien im Schatten der Wirtschaftskrise -- 1 Einleitung -- 2 Forschungsstand und theoretische Annahmen -- 2.1 Die Europawahl 2014 -- 2.2 Wählerverhalten und ökonomische Krisen -- 2.2.1 Der Economic-Voting-Ansatz -- 2.2.2 Wählerverhalten in Zeiten der Wirtschaftskrise - Anzeichen für Dealignment? -- 2.3 Hypothesen und Analysestrategie -- 3 Daten und Methoden -- 3.1 Abhängige Variable: die Parteiwahl -- 3.2 Unabhängige Variablen -- 3.3 Methode und Vorgehensweise -- 3.4 Empirische Analysen -- 4 Fazit und Ausblick -- Literatur -- Anhang -- 4 Politikbegründungen, Politisierung und die öff entliche Meinung zur europäischen Integration -- 1 Einführung

The paper covers the issues of dialogue and cooperation between ASEM countries in the conditions of growing mutual international interdependencies and changing conditions of cooperation at the global level. It presents the ASEM countries which are taking steps aimed at deepening mutual relations. The paper shows one of the many aspects of mutual cooperation. The total trade between the parties is discussed, with a particular focus on the trade in textiles under ASEM. The time range includes the latest available statistics for the period 2013-2016. The data analysis provides the basis for verifying the thesis that the European Union countries import more textiles and clothing than they export to Asian ASEM countries.

The article deals with the problem of implementation of innovation technologies for the education of elementary school pupils in Ukraine and the European Union countries. The efficiency of application of innovative facilities in work with elementary school pupils in Ukraine and abroad is theoretically proved in the research. Implementation of educational technologies in teaching and educational process of primary school institution is analysed and innovative activity as a means of improvement of the system of work with children in Ukraine and EU countries is investigated. It is established that the application of innovation technologies while studying academic disciplines in elementary school will help the effective development and modernization of educational process and, in general, the development of elementary school. It is revealed that innovation technologies are important factors for the formation of competences of elementary school pupils.Combinatorial technologies have considerable amounts of pedagogical opportunities of use in elementary schools of different countries of the world.It is proved that when using modern methods of training in Ukraine, the tendency to growth of economic level of the country is observed. ; У статті розглядається проблема запровадження новітніх технологій у навчання школярів початкової школи в Україні та країнах Євросоюзу. Теоретично обґрунтовано ефективність застосування інноваційних засобів у роботі з учнями початкової школи в Україні та закордоном. Проаналізовано впровадження освітніх технологій у навчально-виховний процес початкового шкільного закладу та досліджена інноваційна діяльність, як засіб вдосконалення системи роботи з дітьми в Україні та країнах ЄС. Встановлено, що застосування новітніх технологій під час вивчення навчальних дисциплін у початковій школі сприятиме ефективному розвитку і модернізації навчального процесу і розвитку початкової школи в цілому. З'ясовано, що новітні технології є суттєвими чинниками формування компетенцій молодшого школяра.

The article deals with the problem of implementation of innovation technologies for the education of elementary school pupils in Ukraine and the European Union countries. The efficiency of application of innovative facilities in work with elementary school pupils in Ukraine and abroad is theoretically proved in the research. Implementation of educational technologies in teaching and educational process of primary school institution is analysed and innovative activity as a means of improvement of the system of work with children in Ukraine and EU countries is investigated. It is established that the application of innovation technologies while studying academic disciplines in elementary school will help the effective development and modernization of educational process and, in general, the development of elementary school. It is revealed that innovation technologies are important factors for the formation of competences of elementary school pupils.Combinatorial technologies have considerable amounts of pedagogical opportunities of use in elementary schools of different countries of the world.It is proved that when using modern methods of training in Ukraine, the tendency to growth of economic level of the country is observed. ; У статті розглядається проблема запровадження новітніх технологій у навчання школярів початкової школи в Україні та країнах Євросоюзу. Теоретично обґрунтовано ефективність застосування інноваційних засобів у роботі з учнями початкової школи в Україні та закордоном. Проаналізовано впровадження освітніх технологій у навчально-виховний процес початкового шкільного закладу та досліджена інноваційна діяльність, як засіб вдосконалення системи роботи з дітьми в Україні та країнах ЄС. Встановлено, що застосування новітніх технологій під час вивчення навчальних дисциплін у початковій школі сприятиме ефективному розвитку і модернізації навчального процесу і розвитку початкової школи в цілому. З'ясовано, що новітні технології є суттєвими чинниками формування компетенцій молодшого школяра.

"At the end of the Second World War in 1945, which brought on a new Italian State, Italy's Foreign policy was first and foremost that of re-joining the new order of western alliances and playing a role in the re-building of a new Europe different from that which had brought war and conflict. The book "Italy and the European Union: A Rollercoaster Journey" seeks to bring to English language readers the manner in which Italy directed, approached and implemented its vision toward the new Europe. New visions and proposals emerged through champions such as Altiero Spinelli, Alcide De Gasperi, Robert Schuman and Jean Monnet. It was meant to be a new European journey, which would seek to put war and conflict behind it. Being an original member of the Coal and Steel Authority established in the early 1950s, Italy sought to become a player in the direction of European integration. However, it did so with significant distractions and hurdles-at times as a bystander and at other times as a prominent player. The presence of Franco-German leadership was in the first instance a vision but for Italy at times contentious. Equally, Italy was afflicted by its internal distractions and priorities, which were at times a threat to its stability and to its political institutions. At times Italy made significant contributions to the direction of the European journey much of which under the constant eye of ideological tensions in country. It was the country with the largest Communist Party in Western Europe within a bi-polar Cold War arrangement, which remained a constant source of suspicion and concern. From being a Europhile member state in the 1990s to one where Euroscepticism appears regularly, Italy remains ambivalent about its relationship with the European Union depending on the political party in government. This book seeks to provide the story on how and why these changing perceptions of the European Union occurred and what possible avenues awaits this country on its rollercoaster journey with the European Union"--

Die Europäische Union hebt sich durch ausdifferenzierte Rechtsetzungsmechanismen und Handlungsformen vom klassischen, durch zwischenstaatliche Verträge geprägten Völkerrecht ab. Angesichts dessen erstaunt es, dass zwischen den einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten nach wie vor ein dichtes Netz völkerrechtlicher Verträge besteht. Eine Auswertung der Vertragspraxis zeigt, dass die Abkommen passgenau auf gleichzeitig geltendes einschlägiges Unionsrecht abgestimmt sind. Sie konkurrieren in aller Regel nicht mit ihm, sondern sind Bestandteil eines ebenenübergreifenden Rechts des Europäischen Verbunds. Soweit m

"The BRICS Countries and the European Union" published on by Oxford University Press.