Suchergebnisse

Defence date: 28 June 1999 ; Examining Board: Prof. Karl-Heinz Ladeur, European University Institute (Supervisor); Prof. Christian Joerges, European University Institute (Co-supervisor); Prof. Jan H. Jans, University of Amsterdam; Prof. Marc Pallemaerts, Vrije Universiteit Brussels ; First made available online on 23 February 2018 ; The project of this thesis is to investigate how law operates in politically precarious, scientifically complex and uncertain areas. It examines whether the legal framework for the regulation of health and environmental threats adequately takes into account problems of risk and uncertainty. Furthermore, it proposes structural legal reforms to optimise the conditions under which decisions for risk control are taken. Chapter I of the thesis lays down a theoretical framework for analysis of the tensions between law, risk and uncertainty. It explains why traditional modes of legal reasoning are ill-suited to deal with contemporary health and environmental threats, and proposes the adoption of a risk-oriented approach to law and regulation as a more productive alternative. The remainder of the thesis examines the practical utility of a riskoriented approach for health and environmental protection. The substantive area selected for analysis, is the European Community regulatory framework for the control of chemicals. The structure of the thesis mimics the "regulatory life cycle" of chemical substances. Chapter II focuses on the first major prerequisite for chemical control: the availability of sufficient information on chemical hazards and risks. It provides an overview and critique of existing arrangements to stimulate the production of chemical data. Chapter III addresses the question how this data is processed into a format that is relevant for the purposes of risk regulation. The prevalent technique is risk assessment. Chapter III analyses risk assessment practices prescribed in EC law, and discusses the controversies that surround the use of risk assessment in regulatory decision-making. Chapter IV discusses the stage of risk decision-making. It reviews a range of regulatory techniques that aim to secure health and environmental protection, and examines chemical risk reduction mechanisms in EC law. It furthermore investigates whether and how information on chemical risks is put to use to inform decision-making processes. Each Chapter concludes with an evaluation of the incumbent legal framework, focusing in particular on its compatibility with the risk-oriented approach developed in Chapter I. Finally, Chapter V draws the strands of the preceding analyses together, and offers an overview of the main leitmotifs, strengths and weaknesses of European chemical legislation. Chapter V concludes with a number of reform proposals that, hopefully, will contribute to the ongoing discussion and elaboration of a legal framework that does not shy away from uncertainty.

This volume brings together contributions on the major economic policy issues which have opened up as a result of the immanent process of European Union Enlargement. The issues analyzed range from modelling and analyzing the costs and benefits of enlargement, to challenges for macroeconomic policy both at the EU level and in the new member countries to the state of affairs in the new member countries with respect to sectoral policy reforms such as those undertaken in the financial sector and in competition policy, and the impact of enlargement on Europe's trade policy agenda.

The evolution in parliaments' roles, the reasons for this and the challenges that lie in wait for future progress are all considered, with Ireland's stop-start parliamentary adaptation, the role of the Lisbon Treaty and economic crises in accelerating reform carefully analysed

Competition Law of the European Union' provides a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the EU competition rules as developed primarily by the Commission, the General Court and the Court of Justice. The new Sixth Edition of a major work by the well-known competition law team at Van Bael & Bellis in Brussels brings the book up to date to take account of the many developments in the case law and relevant legislation that have occurred since the Fifth Edition in 2010. The developments in EU competition law that have occurred have been largely incremental rather than momentous. The authors have also taken the opportunity to write a much-extended chapter on private enforcement and a dedicated section on competition law in the pharmaceutical sector. There has been significant change since the last edition with major cases and other developments in areas such as merger review procedure and cartel enforcement, and this edition will follow the successful format of previous editions covering these developments

This book provides a quick overview of the European Union's water and waste management legislation, reflects on European standards on Member States' policy implementation by referring to statistical data, and analyzes environmental policy-making and policy implementation of the Czech Republic in the post EU-accession period

This publication puts forward the view that qualifications systems are useful tools for modernising education and training. National qualifications frameworks are treated as one aspect of qualifications systems which is useful for improving education.

Purpose: The aim of the research is to examine the correlation between economic development in the macroeconomic scale and the development of the real estate market. Design/Methodology/Approach: The tool of the applied computational engineering is cluster analysis, the hierarchical method based on Euclidean distance and Ward's method (algorithm). Findings: The research process carried out confirmed the existence of a dependence between macroeconomic determinants and parameters of the real estate market. A division into three homogeneous groups of countries, whose development shows signs of similarity, was obtained. This allows making comparisons between individual countries, neglecting their geographical and historical dependences. Practical Implications: The utilitarian usability of applying computational tools used in economic analyses was proved. Originality/Value: Individual clusters make a certain reference point for particular countries. The obtained results offer the possibility of applying a suitable strategy which provides bases for development and also the possibility of verifying its effects against a whole group. ; peer-reviewed

The mobility of health professionals affects the performance of health systems and increasingly so since the European Union (EU) enlargements in 2004 and 2007. This publication presents research on the gaps in knowledge about the numbers trends impacts and policy responses to this dynamic situation in particular in Austria Belgium Estonia Finland France Germany Hungary Italy Lithuania Poland Romania Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Turkey and the United Kingdom. Conducted within the framework of the European Commission s Health PROMeTHEUS project the research posed a set of questions of key inte