Suchergebnisse

At present, the Sponge City Concept (SCC) is gaining ground, Sponge Cities technologies are becoming more and more accepted by Chinese city governments, and the first best practices are being shared. However, there are still many challenges ahead which hamper effective implementation and upscaling. This paper presents an overview of some opportunities and constraints for the take up of this approach and has drawn upon international experiences. In China at the national level, the State Council has set a progressive target for the SCC initiative to be achieved in 2030. This target seems to be ambitious as the time needed for integrative planning and design and implementation is much longer than traditional sectoral approaches often omitting to address social well-being, the (local) economy, and ecosystem health. This particularly holds true for the existing building stock. Transforming the existing building stock requires a long-term planning horizon, with urban restoration, regeneration, and modernization being key drivers for adapting the city to become a sponge city. A key challenge will be to align the sponge city initiative (SCI) projects with infrastructure and urban renovation portfolios. Moreover, substantial investment needs and a lack of reliable financing schemes and experience also provide a huge challenge for China. This calls for an integrative opportunistic strategy that creates enabling conditions for linking the SCI investment agenda with those from other sectors. These transformations cannot be made overnight: completing the transformation process will typically take a life time of one generation. The progress in sustainable urban water management is also impacted by innovations in technologies as well as in management strategies. These technological innovations create fertile ground for businesses to adapt state-of-the-art developments from around the world and contextualize them into fit-for-purpose products. China is well-placed to play a leading role in this process in the coming decade.

Communities and countries around the world are gearing up efforts to implement the 2030 Agenda goals and targets. In this paper, the water and migration scenarios are explained with a focus on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6 (water-related), 11 (urbanization), and 16 (peace and political stability). The study has two phases. The first phase illustrates the application of geospatial data and tools to assess the water-migration interlinkages (nexus) by employing a case study approach. Three case studies, Lake Chad, the Aral Sea region, and the Nile Delta, representing various geographic and socio-political settings, were selected to perform the multitemporal analysis. For this analysis, a mixed toolset framework that combined algorithmic functions of digital image processing, the Landsat sensor data, and applied a geographic information system (GIS) platform was adopted. How water-related events directly or indirectly trigger human migration is described using spatial indicators such as water spread and the extent of urban sprawl. Additionally, the geospatial outputs were analyzed in tandem with the climate variables such as temperature, precipitation data, and socio-economic variables such as population trends and migration patterns. Overall, the three case studies examined how water and climate crisis scenarios influence migration at a local and regional scale. The second phase showcases global-scale analysis based on the Global Conflict Risk Index (GCRI). This indicator reflects on the risks and conflicts with environmental, social, and political aspects and comments on the connection of these dimensions with migration. Together, the two phases of this paper provide an understanding ofthe interplay of water-related events on migration by applying the geospatial assessment and a proxy global index. Additionally, the paper reiterates that such an understanding can serve to establish facts and create evidence to inform sustainable development planning and decision making, particularly with regard to SDGs 6, 11, and 16. Targets such as 6.4 (managing water stress), 6.5 (transboundary challenges) and, 11.B (adaptation and resilience planning) can benefit from the knowledge generated by this geospatial exercise. For example, the high GCRI values for the African region speak to SDG targets 11.B (integrated policies/plans) and 16.7 (decision support systems for peaceful societies). Two key highlights from the synthesis: (a) migration and urbanization are closely interconnected, and (b) the impact of water and climate crisis is comparatively high for rural-urban migration due to the considerable dependence of rural communities on nature-based livelihoods. In conclusion, geospatial analysis is an important tool to study the interlinkages between water and migration. The paper presents a novel perspective toward widening the scope of remote sensing data and GIS toward the implementation of the SDG Agenda.

Responding to heightened global interest in and concern for the sustainability of the planet and our ways of life on it, The United Nations' Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2015) came out as a very ambitious and historic global agreement. The agenda identified what have become known as the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), along with their detailed targets to mobilize and guide global efforts toward ending poverty, fostering peace, safeguarding human rights and protecting the planet. Education for Sustainable Development forms part of Target 4.7 of Sustainable Development Goal 4, which seeks to "ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles…"Departing from the Brundtland Commission's (1987) definition of sustainable development as a paradigm of resource use that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs," universities have progressively been incorporating sustainability values, practices and initiatives into their activities, throughout the realm of what they do in teaching, research, administration and operational systems. Indeed, Commitment to sustainability at universities worldwide dates back to the 1980's, with a number of landmarks and declarations such as the Magna Charta of European Universities (1988), and the Talloires Declaration of University Presidents for a Sustainable Future (1990).However, the debate so far has centered mostly on the rationale and reasoning for broad adoption, rather than the various actions to be undertaken by higher education institutions (HEIs). Moreover, Efforts and initiatives to integrate sustainability into higher education in the developing world have been ad-hoc, modest and small (Mohamedbhai 2012). We could only find a few research studies covering such efforts and initiatives anyways (Awuzie & Emuze, 2017; Bhat et al., 2017; Khalaf-Kairouz, 2012).This paper aims to describe sustainable practices of higher education institutions in the developing world, via a case study of Rafik Hariri University in Lebanon. The authors utilize the 12 Features of Sustainable Society, developed by the Forum for the Future (2003) as an analytical framework, based on the Five Capitals Model. The research instrument was a questionnaire derived from the 12 Features of a Sustainable Society and designed to identify the strategies, policies, values and practices pursued by the university to contribute to sustainable development.The outcome is a detailed level analysis into the ways in which a small institution of higher education in a developing country contributes to the betterment of the world via engagement in sustainability. Keywords Sustainability; Sustainable Development; Higher Education; Developing World; Higher Education for Sustainable Development; Rafik Hariri University; Lebanon; ESD; SDG; HESD

Evidence-based policies are crucial to maximize well-being. In recent years, governments, international development organizations and academia have mainstreamed the need for data and evidence in the design, implementation and evaluation of public policies. The 2019 Nobel Prize in economics awarded to Duflo, Banerjee and Kremer is another clear example of the relevance of policy evaluation to tackle many global and local development issues. While randomized experiments appear to be one of the most precise ways to identify the causal effect of policies, a wide range of government programs are not designed in a way that ensures their ex-post evaluation – as this can be costly and often requires human resources and capacity that tend to be scarce particularly in developing countries and regions. Yet policy makers need evidence to adjust policies, re-allocate budget and adapt actions in order to maximize people's well-being given the available resources.This thesis presents three cases where ex-post policy evaluation is possible either by exploiting geographical discontinuities in implementation of the policy (Chapters 1 and 3) or regional discontinuities created by policy regulations (Chapter 2). Each chapter focuses on different (but highly interrelated) issues of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While Chapter 1 assesses the impact of universal healthcare on maternal and perinatal mortality, Chapter 3 explores the effect of decentralization on outcomes related to the global goal to end hunger, notably on food security. Chapter 2 studies how funds stimulate business creation and productivity, which is part of the SDGs for economic prosperity. ; Fonder les politiques sur des preuves scientifiques est crucial pour maximiser le bien être. Ces dernières années, gouvernements, organisations internationales et recherche académique ont généralisé la nécessité d'utiliser des données et des preuves pour la conception, la mise en place et l'évaluation des politiques publiques. Tandis que les évaluations randomisées apparaissent comme l'un des moyens les plus précis pour identifier l'effet causal des politiques, de nombreux programmes gouvernementaux ne sont pas conçus de manière à permettre leur évaluation ex-post. Pourtant, les décideurs publics ont besoin de preuves scientifiques pour ajuster les politiques, réallouer le budget et adapter leurs actions de sorte à maximiser le bien-être des populations tout en tenant compte des ressources disponibles. Cette thèse présente trois cas où l'évaluation ex-post de politiques est possible, soit grâce à l'exploitation de discontinuités géographiques dans la mise en place de la politique (Chapitres 1 et 3), soit grâce à des discontinuités régionales créées par une réglementation attachée à la politique (Chapitre 2). Chaque chapitre se concentre sur des défis différents de l'Agenda 2030 et des Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD). Tandis que le Chapitre 1 évalue l'impact de la sécurité sociale universelle sur la mortalité maternelle et périnatale, le Chapitre 3 explore l'effet de la décentralisation sur des indicateurs liés à l'objectif mondial d'éradiquer la faim, dont celui sur la sécurité alimentaire relève. Le Chapitre 2 étudie comment les fonds d'aide stimulent la création d'entreprises et la productivité, ce qui fait partie de l'ODD pour la prospérité économique.

The paper studies the issues of the thematic content of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) (2015) introduction into the vocational education curricula and the transformation of education in terms of the economies of the world achieving sustainability. However, the content of each SDG is quite different from country to country, from region to region. The possibilities for achieving sustainability by African states, and especially the transformation of their teaching systems, differ radically, for example, from the content, capabilities, and expected results in Europe.Since 2005, Russia has been systematically and consistently implementing a system of actions coordinated with the international community, which implies activities on the transformation of the educational standards and curricula towards training professionals ready to work in strict natural resource and financial constraints. This requires a revision of the existing educational technologies, the restructuring of citizens' consciousness, and significant restructuring and technical re-equipment of industrial facilities. It is impossible to achieve that without concerted action on a global scale. That is why the UN proposes the global paradigm "Transforming Our World: the Agenda for Sustainable Development till 2030". The paper also discusses the possibilities of the legislative framework and employers' requirements transformation, as well as the possibilities of education transformation coherent with the SDGs content.The possibilities of non-governmental international educational resources for the SDG ideas spreading (exemplified by the SDSN network) are considered. The necessity of an SDG substantial component introduction in the main guiding documents of the state, including standards for higher vocational education, is shown. The further development of the country in the mentioned direction will be almost impossible without the adequate training of such professionals. ; В работе исследуются вопросы внедрения в учебные программы профессионального образования тематического содержания Целей устойчивого развития (ЦУР) ООН (2015) и трансформации образования с точки зрения достижения устойчивости экономик государств мира. Однако содержательное наполнение каждой ЦУР довольно сильно отличается от страны к стране, от региона к региону. Возможности достижения устойчивости африканскими государствами и особенно трансформация систем обучения в них радикально отличаются, например, от содержательного наполнения, возможностей и ожидаемых результатов в Европе.С 2005 г. Россия планомерно и последовательно внедряет систему согласованных с международным сообществом действий, в рамках которых предусмотрена деятельность по трансформации учебных стандартов, учебных планов для подготовки специалистов, готовых работать в рамках жестких природно-ресурсных и финансовых ограничений. Это требует пересмотра существующих образовательных технологий, перестройки сознания граждан и значительной перестройки и технического перевооружения промышленных объектов. Добиться этого без согласованных действий в глобальном масштабе невозможно. Именно поэтому ООН предлагает согласованную программу действий «Преобразование нашего мира: Повестка дня в области устойчивого развития на период до 2030 года». В статье обсуждаются возможности трансформации законодательной базы, требований работодателей, а также возможности трансформации образования в направлении содержания целей устойчивого развития.Рассмотрены возможности негосударственных международных образовательных ресурсов для скорейшего распространения идей ЦУР (на примере сети SDSN). Показана необходимость внедрения в основные руководящие документы государства, в том числе в образовательные стандарты для высшего профессионального образования, содержательной составляющей Целей устойчивого развития. Без грамотной подготовки таких специалистов движение страны в указанном направлении будет практически невозможно.

Статтю присвячено дослідженню сучасного стану кримінологічної науки та визначенню перспектив її розвитку у майбутньому. Здійснено огляд здобутків вітчизняної кримінології, наголошено на інтеграції знань про злочинність та боротьбу з нею, обґрунтовано когерентність і синергіюнаукових концепцій, запровадження системного методу пізнання злочинності та розроблення заходів превентивного впливу на її причини і умови. Зроблено висновок, що орієнтирами для подальшого розвитку кримінології будуть міжнародні цілі глобального людського розвитку, закріплені у Декларації тисячоліття ООН (2015 р.) і Порядку денному у сфері сталого розвитку до 2030 року. ; Статья посвящена исследованию современного состояния криминологической науки и определению перспектив ее развития в будущем. Осуществлен обзор достижений отечественной криминологии, отмечается интеграция знаний о преступности и борьбе с ней, обосновывается когерентность и синергия научных концепций, внедрение системного метода познания преступности и разработки мер превентивного воздействия на ее причины и условия. Сделан вывод, что ориентирами для дальнейшего развития криминологии будут международные цели глобального человеческого развития, закрепленные в Декларации тысячелетия ООН (2015 г.) и Повестке дня в области устойчивого развития до 2030 года. ; The article is devoted to the research of the current state of criminological science and to determine the prospects for its development in the future. The achievements of the national criminology are reviewed, the integration of knowledge about crime and combating it is emphasized, and the coherence and synergy of scientific concepts, the introduction of a systematic method of knowledge of crime and the development of measures of preventive influence on its causes and conditions are substantiated. Criminology examines crime, its causes, criminals and victims of crime, prevention measures. Crime is a kind of objectively dangerous behavior that poses a threat to the individual, the state, business and society. Nowadays, the newest types of objectively dangerous behavior are most often encountered in cyberspace, in the sphere of electronic money circulation, use of artificial intelligence, provision of services, use of natural and labor resources. As an open social system, crime interacts externally with similar phenomena and processes, constantly changing under their influence and spreading in space and time. In addition, being an integral part of social life, crime has the property of self-reproduction and development, linked to the development of society, of changing the living conditions of people.It is concluded that the guidelines for the further development of criminology will be the international goals of global human development set out in the Millennium Declaration UN 2015 year and The Agenda of Sustainable Development by 2030 year.It is considered, key problems for criminological research by 2030 will be survival of people in the fierce struggle for access to economic and natural resources; counteracting various forms and manifestations of violence and other violations of fundamental human rights and freedoms; ensuring personal and collective security in the system of social interaction; environmental protection; the use of information technology for criminal purposes; counteracting transnational crime and terrorism; drug crime and arms trafficking, etc. In addition, the scientific potential of criminological institutions will be directed to the development of tools and tools to reduce the impact on crime and the social life of such negative social phenomena as poverty, social injustice and inequality, abuse of power, abuse of power by both the authorities and the general population.There is no doubt that, now and in the future, the development of crime will depend on social being, collective thinking and people behavior. In the workings of philosophers, political scientists and sociologists, the state of modern society is characterized by insane dynamism and instability, an increase in entropy, an increase in actual and potential risks, which is difficult to recognize and predict. This means that the existing concepts of explanation for the causes of crime will soon prove to be inoperative, as they were created in the last century on the basis of materialistic dialectics, linear thinking, contemporary ideas about the world of people, a hierarchy of values, rules and norms of people behavior in a stable society.In the long term, applied criminology will evolve by implementing the results of the fourth industrial revolution, in particular Big Data and Analytics, Simulation, Horizontal and Vertical system Integration, Piece Intellect, artificial neural networks.A breakthrough in the development of applied criminology will be made by artificial intelligence, biotechnology and nanotechnology. The use of innovative developments will ensure quick and correct management decisions, will form public opinion, influence the views and moods of a large number of people, correct the negative elements of public consciousness, quickly communicate to the general public the provisions of the current legislation and monitor its compliance. Among other things, digital technologies make it possible to build a system of total control and a mechanism for managing people's behavior in society. Soon by means of artificial intelligence, as well as genetic engineering, it will be possible to diagnose mental disorders, a tendency to misbehavior and criminal behavior, to classify people by degree of trustworthiness, to correct human psychophysiological defects, as well as to negative character traits that influence the choice of wrongdoing. and interests.Conclusions. On the basis of the above, I believe that in the future the value of criminology in solving human problems will increase, and the scope of the results of criminological research - will expand. On the basis of criminology will be a synthesis of industry knowledge about crime, forms and methods of combating it. New tools and instruments will be elaborated to prevent crime, as well as to protect people and property from criminal assault.

The article is devoted to the research of the current state of criminological science and to determine the prospects for its development in the future. The achievements of the national criminology are reviewed, the integration of knowledge about crime and combating it is emphasized, and the coherence and synergy of scientific concepts, the introduction of a systematic method of knowledge of crime and the development of measures of preventive influence on its causes and conditions are substantiated. Criminology examines crime, its causes, criminals and victims of crime, prevention measures. Crime is a kind of objectively dangerous behavior that poses a threat to the individual, the state, business and society. Nowadays, the newest types of objectively dangerous behavior are most often encountered in cyberspace, in the sphere of electronic money circulation, use of artificial intelligence, provision of services, use of natural and labor resources. As an open social system, crime interacts externally with similar phenomena and processes, constantly changing under their influence and spreading in space and time. In addition, being an integral part of social life, crime has the property of self-reproduction and development, linked to the development of society, of changing the living conditions of people.It is concluded that the guidelines for the further development of criminology will be the international goals of global human development set out in the Millennium Declaration UN 2015 year and The Agenda of Sustainable Development by 2030 year.It is considered, key problems for criminological research by 2030 will be survival of people in the fierce struggle for access to economic and natural resources; counteracting various forms and manifestations of violence and other violations of fundamental human rights and freedoms; ensuring personal and collective security in the system of social interaction; environmental protection; the use of information technology for criminal purposes; counteracting transnational crime and terrorism; drug crime and arms trafficking, etc. In addition, the scientific potential of criminological institutions will be directed to the development of tools and tools to reduce the impact on crime and the social life of such negative social phenomena as poverty, social injustice and inequality, abuse of power, abuse of power by both the authorities and the general population.There is no doubt that, now and in the future, the development of crime will depend on social being, collective thinking and people behavior. In the workings of philosophers, political scientists and sociologists, the state of modern society is characterized by insane dynamism and instability, an increase in entropy, an increase in actual and potential risks, which is difficult to recognize and predict. This means that the existing concepts of explanation for the causes of crime will soon prove to be inoperative, as they were created in the last century on the basis of materialistic dialectics, linear thinking, contemporary ideas about the world of people, a hierarchy of values, rules and norms of people behavior in a stable society.In the long term, applied criminology will evolve by implementing the results of the fourth industrial revolution, in particular Big Data and Analytics, Simulation, Horizontal and Vertical system Integration, Piece Intellect, artificial neural networks.A breakthrough in the development of applied criminology will be made by artificial intelligence, biotechnology and nanotechnology. The use of innovative developments will ensure quick and correct management decisions, will form public opinion, influence the views and moods of a large number of people, correct the negative elements of public consciousness, quickly communicate to the general public the provisions of the current legislation and monitor its compliance. Among other things, digital technologies make it possible to build a system of total control and a mechanism for managing people's behavior in society. Soon by means of artificial intelligence, as well as genetic engineering, it will be possible to diagnose mental disorders, a tendency to misbehavior and criminal behavior, to classify people by degree of trustworthiness, to correct human psychophysiological defects, as well as to negative character traits that influence the choice of wrongdoing. and interests.Conclusions. On the basis of the above, I believe that in the future the value of criminology in solving human problems will increase, and the scope of the results of criminological research - will expand. On the basis of criminology will be a synthesis of industry knowledge about crime, forms and methods of combating it. New tools and instruments will be elaborated to prevent crime, as well as to protect people and property from criminal assault. ; Статья посвящена исследованию современного состояния криминологической науки и определению перспектив ее развития в будущем. Осуществлен обзор достижений отечественной криминологии, отмечается интеграция знаний о преступности и борьбе с ней, обосновывается когерентность и синергия научных концепций, внедрение системного метода познания преступности и разработки мер превентивного воздействия на ее причины и условия. Сделан вывод, что ориентирами для дальнейшего развития криминологии будут международные цели глобального человеческого развития, закрепленные в Декларации тысячелетия ООН (2015 г.) и Повестке дня в области устойчивого развития до 2030 года. ; Статтю присвячено дослідженню сучасного стану кримінологічної науки та визначенню перспектив її розвитку у майбутньому. Здійснено огляд здобутків вітчизняної кримінології, наголошено на інтеграції знань про злочинність та боротьбу з нею, обґрунтовано когерентність і синергіюнаукових концепцій, запровадження системного методу пізнання злочинності та розроблення заходів превентивного впливу на її причини і умови. Зроблено висновок, що орієнтирами для подальшого розвитку кримінології будуть міжнародні цілі глобального людського розвитку, закріплені у Декларації тисячоліття ООН (2015 р.) і Порядку денному у сфері сталого розвитку до 2030 року.

The article is devoted to the research of the current state of criminological science and to determine the prospects for its development in the future. The achievements of the national criminology are reviewed, the integration of knowledge about crime and combating it is emphasized, and the coherence and synergy of scientific concepts, the introduction of a systematic method of knowledge of crime and the development of measures of preventive influence on its causes and conditions are substantiated. Criminology examines crime, its causes, criminals and victims of crime, prevention measures. Crime is a kind of objectively dangerous behavior that poses a threat to the individual, the state, business and society. Nowadays, the newest types of objectively dangerous behavior are most often encountered in cyberspace, in the sphere of electronic money circulation, use of artificial intelligence, provision of services, use of natural and labor resources. As an open social system, crime interacts externally with similar phenomena and processes, constantly changing under their influence and spreading in space and time. In addition, being an integral part of social life, crime has the property of self-reproduction and development, linked to the development of society, of changing the living conditions of people.It is concluded that the guidelines for the further development of criminology will be the international goals of global human development set out in the Millennium Declaration UN 2015 year and The Agenda of Sustainable Development by 2030 year.It is considered, key problems for criminological research by 2030 will be survival of people in the fierce struggle for access to economic and natural resources; counteracting various forms and manifestations of violence and other violations of fundamental human rights and freedoms; ensuring personal and collective security in the system of social interaction; environmental protection; the use of information technology for criminal purposes; counteracting transnational crime and terrorism; drug crime and arms trafficking, etc. In addition, the scientific potential of criminological institutions will be directed to the development of tools and tools to reduce the impact on crime and the social life of such negative social phenomena as poverty, social injustice and inequality, abuse of power, abuse of power by both the authorities and the general population.There is no doubt that, now and in the future, the development of crime will depend on social being, collective thinking and people behavior. In the workings of philosophers, political scientists and sociologists, the state of modern society is characterized by insane dynamism and instability, an increase in entropy, an increase in actual and potential risks, which is difficult to recognize and predict. This means that the existing concepts of explanation for the causes of crime will soon prove to be inoperative, as they were created in the last century on the basis of materialistic dialectics, linear thinking, contemporary ideas about the world of people, a hierarchy of values, rules and norms of people behavior in a stable society.In the long term, applied criminology will evolve by implementing the results of the fourth industrial revolution, in particular Big Data and Analytics, Simulation, Horizontal and Vertical system Integration, Piece Intellect, artificial neural networks.A breakthrough in the development of applied criminology will be made by artificial intelligence, biotechnology and nanotechnology. The use of innovative developments will ensure quick and correct management decisions, will form public opinion, influence the views and moods of a large number of people, correct the negative elements of public consciousness, quickly communicate to the general public the provisions of the current legislation and monitor its compliance. Among other things, digital technologies make it possible to build a system of total control and a mechanism for managing people's behavior in society. Soon by means of artificial intelligence, as well as genetic engineering, it will be possible to diagnose mental disorders, a tendency to misbehavior and criminal behavior, to classify people by degree of trustworthiness, to correct human psychophysiological defects, as well as to negative character traits that influence the choice of wrongdoing. and interests.Conclusions. On the basis of the above, I believe that in the future the value of criminology in solving human problems will increase, and the scope of the results of criminological research - will expand. On the basis of criminology will be a synthesis of industry knowledge about crime, forms and methods of combating it. New tools and instruments will be elaborated to prevent crime, as well as to protect people and property from criminal assault. ; Статья посвящена исследованию современного состояния криминологической науки и определению перспектив ее развития в будущем. Осуществлен обзор достижений отечественной криминологии, отмечается интеграция знаний о преступности и борьбе с ней, обосновывается когерентность и синергия научных концепций, внедрение системного метода познания преступности и разработки мер превентивного воздействия на ее причины и условия. Сделан вывод, что ориентирами для дальнейшего развития криминологии будут международные цели глобального человеческого развития, закрепленные в Декларации тысячелетия ООН (2015 г.) и Повестке дня в области устойчивого развития до 2030 года. ; Статтю присвячено дослідженню сучасного стану кримінологічної науки та визначенню перспектив її розвитку у майбутньому. Здійснено огляд здобутків вітчизняної кримінології, наголошено на інтеграції знань про злочинність та боротьбу з нею, обґрунтовано когерентність і синергіюнаукових концепцій, запровадження системного методу пізнання злочинності та розроблення заходів превентивного впливу на її причини і умови. Зроблено висновок, що орієнтирами для подальшого розвитку кримінології будуть міжнародні цілі глобального людського розвитку, закріплені у Декларації тисячоліття ООН (2015 р.) і Порядку денному у сфері сталого розвитку до 2030 року.

Cities have long been the pioneers of and driving force behind the development and evolution of human societies. The significance of cities as drivers of the sustainable development agenda received its strongest recognition to date with the adoption of, amongst others, the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2015, and the UN Habitat III Declaration (the New Urban Agenda) in 2016. These international policy instruments frame the context in terms of which urban sustainability, or sustainable cities, must be pursued across the globe. Of the many fields of law that are applicable to cities, several scholars and research groups increasingly maintain that planning law and policy has a specific role to play in addressing the challenges that cities face, and in guiding them towards a more sustainable development trajectory. Notably, South Africa's planning law system has recently been transformed by a new planning law framework. In contrast with the pre-1994 legislation, the country's new framework legislation for planning prioritises the transformation of South Africa's cities into more efficient, equal, resilient and sustainable spaces. It also places municipalities at the heart of urban planning and enables them to develop and implement a number of governance instruments that can be used to integrate social, economic, and environmental factors into the development and reshaping of the country's urban areas. While much research pertaining to South Africa's apartheid planning history and its shaping of human settlements and cities has been disseminated over the years, significant research and enquiry remains necessary to better comprehend and apply the country's new planning system. This is particularly true in the context of municipal planning and rapid urbanisation, and the extent of local government's legal responsibilities and authority for planning to promote sustainability in their areas of jurisdiction. The original contribution of this thesis lies in its use of a mixed method research. The approach consists of employing both legal research methodology and qualitative empirical research methodology towards analysing the municipal planning function, both in theory and in practice. The research also provides a detailed inquiry into the understanding of the sustainable city concept, and the scope of local governments' responsibility to promote sustainability through planning. For this purpose, the research critically questions and analyses the extent to which municipal planning law and policy promotes the development of sustainable cities in South Africa. The Gauteng province is employed as the subject of a case study to illustrate the role and function of municipal planning law and policy in promoting the development of sustainable cities in the country's smallest yet most urban province. Specific emphasis is placed on the planning law and policy instruments of three municipalities in the Province, namely the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (a category A municipality); the Emfuleni Local Municipality (a category B municipality); and the Sedibeng District Municipality (a category C municipality). Each of the municipalities, despite their differences in size, faces unique sustainability challenges which include, amongst others, spatial segregation, service backlogs, high levels of poverty and inequality, and conflicting interests in terms of the protection of environmentally sensitive areas and responsible resource use on the one hand and the promotion of economic development on the other. The municipalities also differ in terms of their institutional and financial capacity. While these municipalities do not represent the entire Gauteng province, they do serve as a meaningful lens through which to consider the extent to which municipal planning law and policy currently promote sustainability in varying urban contexts.

A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar a política de expansão do sistema carcerário no Espírito Santo no período de 2011 a 2016 a fim de verificar se ela se desenvolveu em consonância com a concepção de responsabilidade políticocriminal. O presente estudo utilizou a tipologia descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa. Os procedimentos de coleta utilizados foram o levantamento bibliográfico e documental. Foram utilizados como dados primários na pesquisa a legislação em matéria criminal editada no período de 2011 a 2016, os planos nacionais de política criminal e penitenciária elaborados pelo Conselho Nacional de Política Criminal e Penitenciária (CNPCP) em 2011 e 2016, as resoluções editadas pelo CNPCP entre 2011 e 2015, os planos de desenvolvimento ES 2025 e ES 2030 e os planos plurianuais capixabas 2008-2011, 2012-2015 e 2016-2019. Dentre os dados secundários utilizados se destacam os disponibilizados pelo Ministério da Justiça por meio do Levantamento Nacional de Informações Penitenciárias (INFOPEN). Os dados foram então analisados por meio de categorização formulada com base nos conceitos de Subirats et al. de "atores", "recursos", "marcos institucionais" e "produtos das etapas de formulação de políticas públicas", de modo a possibilitar a subsequente análise das relações entre os componentes das referidas categorias. O referencial teórico abordou o encarceramento em massa e a expansão contínua do sistema prisional, bem como a desvinculação entre encarceramento e estatísticas criminais, visto o caráter político-cultural da tomada de decisão nessa seara. Abordou-se ainda a consideração da política penitenciária enquanto política pública, bem como a tutela da responsabilidade dos gestores públicos no ordenamento brasileiro. Por fim, o estudo debruçou-se sobre as propostas de estudos de impacto legislativo e a proposta de lei de responsabilidade político-criminal. Em seguida, teceu-se um panorama da conjuntura histórica e presente do sistema prisional em âmbito nacional e estadual, a que se seguiu a análise dos planos e atos formais de implementação da política de expansão do sistema carcerário no período de análise (2011-2016), por meio do marco teórico de análise de políticas públicas de Subirats et al (2008). Diante dos resultados da análise, traçou-se uma proposta de agenda descarcerizadora para o Espírito Santo, com vistas a atender a um paradigma de responsabilidade político-criminal ; The present research aimed to analyze the policy of prison system"s expansion in Espírito Santo from 2011 to 2016 in order to verify whether it developed aligned with the conception of political-criminal responsibility. The present study used the descriptive typology, with a qualitative approach. The collection procedures used were the bibliographical and documentary survey. The national criminal and penitentiary policy plans elaborated by the National Council of Criminal and Penitentiary Policy (CNPCP) in 2011 and 2016, the resolutions issued by the CNPCP between 2011 and 2016, the development plans ES 2025 and ES 2030 and the state"s pluriannual plans for the years 2008-2011, 2012-2015 and 2016-2019. Among the secondary data used are those provided by the Ministry of Justice through the National Survey of Penitentiary Information (INFOPEN). The data were then analyzed through categorization based on the Subirats et al. (2008) concepts of "actors", "resources", "institutional milestones" and "products of the stages of public policy formulation", in order to enable the subsequent analysis of relations between the components of those categories. The theoretical framework dealt with the mass incarceration and the continuous expansion of the prison system as well as the decoupling between incarceration and criminal statistics, given the political-cultural character of decision-making in this area. It also addressed the consideration of penitentiary politics as a public policy, as well as the regulation of public managers" liability in the Brazilian law. Finally, the study focused on the proposals of studies of legislative impact and the proposal of law of political-criminal liability. Then, an overview was made of the historical and present conjuncture of the prison system at the national and state levels, followed by an analysis of plans and formal acts to implement the policy of expansion of the prison system during the period under analysis (2011-2016), through the theoretical framework of public policy analysis developed by Subirats et al. (2008). Considering the outcomes from the analysis, a proposal was drawn for an agenda to the reduction of imprisonment in Espírito Santo, aimed to reach a paradigm of political-criminal liability

The analysis of legislative and regulatory documents, as well as available scientific papers, allows us to say that currently the nomenclature of food losses and their minimization is not sufficiently formed and is under development globally and Russia in particular. The terms presented in a number of regulatory documents do not reflect the current international trends and cannot be used as a basis for food security of the Russian Federation. In 2014, a highlevel panel of experts on food security and nutrition formed the concept of "food security", which gave the grounds for the Russian nomenclature formulated in 2019 in the report on the research work "Food losses and organic waste in the consumer market of the Russian Federation". The research was carried out by the Center for Consumer Market Development of the Moscow School of Management Skolkovo and "Platforma", OOO, supported by Danon, Russia. According to the results of the first voluntary national review of the Russian Federation's achievement of the UN sustainable development goals and execution of the sustainable development agenda up to 2030, there is a positive dynamics of Russia's development in the field of reducing food losses and ensuring food security. It occurred due to the development of its nomenclature, as well as to the drafting and approval of legislative acts aimed at the execution of sustainable development goals 2, 3 and 12. The drafts of the legislative acts of the Government of the Russian Federation are based on the application of scientific approaches and innovative solutions for the introduction of resourcesaving and waste-free tech-nologies of food production, as well as tracking the safety and quality of raw materials and finished products at all stages, including production, storage, transportation and sales, which will ensure food security of the country. ; Анализ законодательных и нормативных документов, а также научных работ, представленных в открытом доступе, позволяет сказать, что в настоящее время в мировой и российской практике понятийный аппарат в области продовольственных потерь и их минимизации недостаточно сформирован и находится в стадии развития. Термины, представленные в ряде нормативных документах, не отражают современных международных тенденций и не могут быть положены в основу продовольственной безопасности Российской Федерации. В мировой практике в 2014 году Группой экспертов высокого уровня по вопросам продовольственной безопасности и питания было сформировано понятие «продовольственная безопасность», которое легло в основу российского понятийного аппарата сформулированного в 2019 году в отчете о результатах исследования «Продовольственные потери и органические отходы на потребительском рынке Российской Федерации», проведённого сотрудниками Центра развития потребительского рынка Московской школы управления Сколково и Центра социального проектирования «Платформа» при поддержке компании Danone Россия. По результатам опубликованного первого Добровольного национального обзора достижения Российской Федерацией Целей устойчивого развития ООН и реализации Повестки в области устойчивого развития на период до 2030 года отмечается положительная динамика развития России в области снижения продовольственных потерь и обеспечения продовольственной безопасности, чему послужило формирование понятийного аппарата в данной области, а также разработка и утверждение законодательных актов, направленных на реализацию Целей устойчивого развития 2, 3 и 12. В основу проектов разрабатываемых законодательных актов правительством Российской Федерации положено применение наукоемких подходов и инновационных решений для внедрения ресурсосберегающих безотходных технологий производства пищевых продуктов, а также прослеживания безопасности и качества сырья и готовых продуктов на всех этапах, включая производство, хранение, транспортирование и реализацию, что позволит обеспечить продовольственную безопасность страны.

Встановлено, що сталий розвиток є основою екологічної політики України, яка сприяє збалансованому використанню природних ресурсів, охороні довкілля та задоволенню потреб людини. Досліджено визначення поняття «сталий розвиток», головні принципи та елементи концепції сталого розвитку. Запропоновано визначення сталого розвитку як взаємодії людини й природи на засадах збалансованості та взаємозалежності, яка передбачає раціональне та ефективне споживання природних ресурсів, мінімізацію негативних впливів на них в процесі задоволення потреб особи. Визначено, що глобальні екологічні проблеми потребують спільних зусиль людства та здійснення відповідної політики на державному рівні. Доведено, що екологічна політика України базується на принципах сталого розвитку та закріплена в нормативних документах, схвалених на міжнародному, регіональному та національному рівнях. Зосереджено увагу на нормативно-правових актах, які регулюють реалізацію основних положень концепції сталого розвитку. Важливим для людства є документ, схвалений у 2015 році на Саміті ООН, «Перетворення нашого світу: порядок денний у сфері сталого розвитку до 2030 року», який затвердив 17 Цілей Сталого Розвитку. Підписання Угоди про асоціацію між Україною, з однієї сторони, та Європейським Союзом, Європейським співтовариством з атомної енергії і їхніми державами-членами, з іншої сторони підтвердило наміри України надалі співпрацювати на регіональному рівні у сфері охорони навколишнього природного середовища. Встановлено, що Україна вибудовує свою політику з огляду на взяті на себе відповідні зобов'язання. На національному рівні концепція сталого розвитку закріплена в законодавстві України, в якому закладені основи екологічної політики, визначені основні напрямки діяльності та встановлені показники оцінки її реалізації у перспективі. ; It is established that sustainable development is the basis of Ukraine's environmental policy, which contributes to the balanced use of natural resources, environmental protection and human needs. The definition of the concept of "sustainable development", the main principles of the concept of sustainable development, the elements of the concept of sustainable development are studied. The definition of sustainable development as the interaction of man and nature on the basis of balance and interdependence, provides for rational and efficient consumption of natural resources, minimization of negative impacts on them in the process of meeting the needs of the individual. It is determined that global environmental issues require joint efforts and the implementation of appropriate policies at the state level. It is proved that the environmental policy of Ukraine is based on the principles of sustainable development and regulatory documents approved at the international, regional and national levels. The focus is on regulations governing the implementation of the main provisions of the concept of sustainable development. Important for humanity is the document approved in 2015 at the UN Summit, "Transforming our world: the agenda for sustainable development until 2030", which approved 17 Sustainable Development Goals. The signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other hand, confirmed Ukraine's intentions to further cooperate at the regional level in the field of environmental protection. It has been established that Ukraine is building its policy in view of the relevant commitments. At the national level, the concept of sustainable development is enshrined in the legislation of Ukraine, which lays the foundations of environmental policy and sets indicators for assessing the implementation of state environmental policy in the future.

Acknowledgements -- Notes on Contributors -- Part I: Introduction: Theoretical and Methodological Insights -- 1. Global Education Policy and International Development: An Introductory Framework, Antoni Verger (Universitat Autonoma, Spain), Mario Novelli (University of Sussex, UK) and Hülya Kosar Altinyelken (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands) -- 2. Researching Global Education Policy: Angles In/On/Out ... Susan L. Robertson (University of Bristol, UK) -- 3. New Forms of Governance in Education Policy Making: Spaces of 'meetingness' in Policy Networks from England and Brazil, Stephen J. Ball, Marina Avelar and Dimitra Pavlina Nikita (UCL Institute of Education, UK) -- Part II: Global Education Policy: Case Studies -- 4. Silences, Stereotypes and Local Selection: Negotiating Policy and Practice to Implement the MDGs and EFA, Elaine Unterhalter (UCL Institute of Education, UK) -- 5. International Large-Scale Assessments in Lower and Middle Income Countries: Rationales for Participation and Changing Policy Processes, Camilla Addey (Humboldt University, Germany) and Sam Sellar (University of Queensland, Australia) -- 6. School- and Community-based Management as Global Education Policy: History, Trajectory, Geography, D. Brent Edwards Jr. (Drexler University, USA) -- 7. Conditional Cash Transfers in Education for Development: Emergence, Policy Dilemmas and Diversity of Impacts, Xavier Bonal (Universitat Autonoma, Spain), Aina Tarabini (Universitat Autonoma, Spain) and Xavier Rambla (Universitat Autonoma, Spain) -- 8. Teachers and the 2030 Global Education Agenda: Ensuring Equality and Quality Education, Yusuf Sayed (Cape Peninsula University Technology, South Africa) -- 9. Adopting the Dual Policy Model of Technical and Vocational Education and Training: The case of Mexico, Oscar Valiente (University of Glasgow, UK) -- 10. A Converging Pedagogy in the Developing World: Insights from Uganda and Turkey, Hülya Kosar Altinyelken (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands) -- 11. Education in Emergencies in a Globalising World: Emergence of a Field, Mario Novelli (University of Sussex, UK) and Mieke Lopes Cardozo (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands) -- 12. Privatization 'by Default': Low-Fee Private Schools in Low-Income Countries, Antoni Verger (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain) -- Part III: Conclusions -- 13. Measuring and Interpreting Re-Contextualization: A Commentary, Gita Steiner-Khamsi (University of Columbia, USA) -- 14. Global Education Policy: Creating Different Constituencies of Interest and Different Modes of Valorisation, Roger Dale (University of Bristol, UK) -- Bibliography -- Index.

Following the 2013 coup that toppled Egypt's democratically elected president, Mohammed Morsi, from power, the country has been led by military general Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. Eight years on, he retains the president's office, and Egyptian parliament has decided to actually extend his term until 2030, ignoring the revolutionary demands that prompted millions of Egyptians to bring Hosni Mubarak's 29-year rule to an end in January 2011. Despite the hopes of the Arab Spring, Egypt has not only stopped democratic transit, but has begun to move toward authoritarianism. Tens of thousands of people are kept in overcrowded prisons. Freedom of speech, media independence, and opposition movements are being suppressed in the name of the stability of the state. Tortures, unjustified detentions, police attacks, and death sentences have become a strategic tool in the hands of Egypt's military leadership to combat possible escalation of protest movements.This article reviews history of the military leadership's influence on Egyptian public policy, outlines basic principles and methods of this influence, investigates the army's participation in the state transformation during the Arab Spring, and examines the policy of post-revolutionary military power in the country.The paper sheds light on the military elite, as a significant interest group, which until 2011 had no influence on the formation of the political agenda in Egypt. This study has confirmed that the Muslim Brotherhood's seizure of power in 2012 and the subsequent desire to quickly Islamize the country under the guise of democratic slogans forced the military to oppose not only Islamization but also the democratization of the country. After the revolution, the military became the only force that could keep control and rule the country, using undemocratic methods to secure its own regime and suppress opposition movements. Finally, Egypt's transformation is still ongoing, as the demands of the 2011 revolution for democratization and liberalization of socio-political life remain unfulfilled, and the current military rule is largely reminiscent of Hosni Mubarak's regime, which was overthrown during the Arab Spring.

With climate change driving an increasingly stronger influence over governments and municipalities, sustainable development, and renewable energy are gaining traction across the globe. This is reflected within the EU 2030 agenda, that envisions a future where there is universal access to affordable, reliable and sustainable energy. One of the challenges to achieve this vision lies on the low reliability of certain renewable sources. While both particulars and public entities try to reach self-sufficiency through sustainable energy generation, it is unclear how much investment is needed to mitigate the unreliability introduced by natural factors such as varying wind speed and daylight across the year. In this sense, a tool that aids predicting the energy output of sustainable sources across the year for a particular location can aid greatly in making sustainable energy investments more efficient. In this paper, we make use of Open Data sources, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and installations distributed across Europe to create such tool through the application of Artificial Neural Networks. We analyze how the different factors affect the prediction of energy production and how Open Data can be used to predict the expected output of sustainable sources. As a result, we facilitate users the necessary information to decide how much they wish to invest according to the desired energy output for their particular location. Compared to state-of-the-art proposals, our solution provides an abstraction layer focused on energy production, rather that radiation data, and can be trained and tailored for different locations using Open Data. Finally, our tests show that our proposal improves the accuracy of the forecasting, obtaining a lower mean squared error (MSE) of 0.040 compared to an MSE 0.055 from other proposals in the literature. ; This paper has been co-funded by the ECLIPSE-UA (RTI2018-094283-B-C32) project from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities; both Jose M. Barrera (I-PI 98/18) and Alejandro Reina (I-PI 13/20) hold an Industrial PhD Grants co-funded by the University of Alicante and the Lucentia Lab Spin-off Company.