Suchergebnisse

'Dieser zweiteilige Bericht über Rußlands Politik angesichts der Irak-Krise von 1997/98 behandelt im ersten Teil die russischen sicherheitspolitischen und ökonomischen Interessen gegenüber dem Irak, einschließlich der innerrussischen Dynamiken, die hierbei eine Rolle gespielt haben. Ein zweiter Teil beginnt mit der Darlegung der offenkundigen Schwächen der amerikanischen diplomatisch-politischen Linie, die Primakow in Moskaus Interesse auszunutzen bestrebt war, und wendet sich dann dessen weiterreichenden strategischen Zielen zu. Die sicherheitspolitischen Dilemmas werden aufgezeigt, die die bislang kaum wirklich konfrontierte Herausforderung mit 'unkonventionellen' Massenvernichtungswaffen bedeutet, also in erster Linie durch biologische und chemische Kampfstoffe. Denn es wird vermutet, daß der Irak auch weiterhin über solche Kampfstoffe verfügt bzw. zumindest in der Lage ist, diese schnell wieder herzustellen, sobald die Inspektionen einmal beendet sind. Den Abschluß bildet ein Ausblick auf die Folgen der Irak-Krise für die russisch-amerikanischen Beziehungen und die Welt sowie Rußlands eigene Zukunft. Die Untersuchung basiert auf der russischen und internationalen Berichterstattung sowie Fachliteratur.' (Textauszug)

Die ASEAN der 90er Jahre sieht sich verstrickt in ein dichtes Netz sicherheits- und wirtschaftspolitischer Interdependenzen. Mit dem Ende des Kalten Krieges sind die ehemals prägenden ideologisch motivierten Konflikte und die damit einhergehende weltweite Anbindung der Staaten an eine der beiden Supermächte entfallen. Sowohl auf sicherheitspolitischer als auch auf wirtschaftspolitischer Seite sieht sich die ASEAN mit starken Asymmetrien in ihren Beziehungen zu den Großmächten der Region, China, Japan und den Vereinigten Staaten, konfrontiert, auf die sie mit unterschiedlichen Kooperations- und Integrationsinitiativen innerhalb ihrer Organisation oder mit den Nachbarn im asiatisch-pazifischen Raum zu reagieren versucht. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht diese Initiativen und die politischen Ziele, die die ASEAN durch sie zu erreichen sucht. Hierbei vertritt der Autor die These, daß die Integrationstendenzen, die in der ASEAN zu erkennen sind, politisch von den Mitgliedstaaten weniger erwünscht als vielmehr geduldet sind. Sie entwickeln sich als unerläßliches Nebenprodukt bei dem Versuch, auf Bedrohungen von außen geschlossen, also gestärkt, zu reagieren. Die supraregionale Öffnung der ASEAN zu einem offiziellen Sicherheitsdialog unter eigener Regie im Rahmen des ASEAN Regional Forum und zur Kooperation mit den Nachbarn im Rahmen der APEC sowie der subregionale Ansatz zur Bildung einer ASEAN-Free Trade Area kennzeichnen also keinen grundlegenden Wandel des politischen Willens der Entscheidungsträger. Vielmehr versuchen die ASEAN-Staaten, mit einer den neuen globalen Verhältnissen angepaßten, gemeinsamen Politik als Investitionsstandorte interessant zu bleiben. Das nationale Interesse bleibt im Vordergrund.

In dem Band werden die Entwicklungslinien und der gegenwärtige Stand der japanischen Umweltpolitik dargestellt, um die Bedeutung der Umweltberichterstattung im allgemeinen umweltpolitischen Kontext zu zeigen. Die administrative Organisation der Umweltberichterstattung, insbesondere auf staatlicher Ebene, wird beschrieben. An einigen Beispielen wird die Form der Berichterstattung staatlicher Stellen für verschiedene Umweltbereiche präsentiert. Den breitesten Raum nehmen die Ausführungen zu den Umweltberichterstattungssystemen auf kommunaler Ebene ein, wobei diese Systeme relativ detailliert beschrieben werden, um auch dem Wissensbedarf der meßtechnischen und administrativen Experten zu genügen. Als Beispiele hierfür dienen die zwei Großstädte Yokohama und Kawasaki sowie die Präfekturen Tokio und Osaka. Abschließend folgen einige Überlegungen zur Bedeutung der Umweltberichterstattung für die japanische Umweltpolitik und für eine präventive Umweltpolitik. (RW2)

Foreword by Lynne Healy -- Introduction: Signature Pedagogy -- A Practice Laboratory of Social Work Education / Rajendra Baikady, Varoshini Nadesan, Sajid S.M. and M. Rezaul Islam -- Part I: Transforming Practice Teaching: Perspectives from Asia and the Pacific -- Chapter 1: Reclaiming a Macro Lens, Recasting Multilevel Practice: Social Work Field Education in Hong Kong / Andrew Pau Hoang, Lo Kai Chung and Lucy Porter Jordan -- Chapter 2: Developing Healthcare Social Work Curriculum and Arranging Field Work Education in China -- Johnston H. C. Wong -- Chapter 3: Fieldwork Education in Social Work as One Way of Building Bridges Between China and Europe -- Staffan Höjer, Honglin Chen, Juha Hämäläinen, Jie Lei, Steven M Shardlow, Zhao Fang -- Chapter 4: Fieldwork Education in Social Work: Perspectives of Vietnamese Social Work Students -- Huong / T Hoang and Hang T Dao -- Part II: Strengthening Field Education in Social Work: The North and South American Experience -- Chapter 5: Adopting a Trauma-Informed Perspective in the Field Practicum: Current Realities and Future Challenges -- Carolyn Knight -- Chapter 6: Social Work Field Education in the United States -- Carole Cox and Jan Miner -- Chapter 7: It's Time to Deconstruct the Problematic Attitude of 'Fieldwork' of 'Global North'! -- Shweta Singh -- Chapter 8: Social Work Field Education in Canada -- Marion Bogo and Karen M. Sewell -- Chapter 9: Integrated and Holistic Education for Social Work: The Special Place of Field Education -- Naomi B. Farber, Mariah Moran and Steven Wahle -- Chapter 10: When the Going Gets Tough: Case Studies of Challenge and Innovation in Canadian Field Education -- Brenda Morris, Sarah Todd and Alicia Kalmanovitch -- Part III: Current Realities of Social Work Field Education in Australia and Oceania -- Chapter 11: Social Work Field Education in Australia: Concepts, Challenges and 21st Century Concerns -- Helen Cleak -- Chapter 12: 'Getting Used to the First Nation Person in the Room': A Discussion on Field Practice in Australia -- Kiel Hennessey, Steven Keed, Rachael Howard, Bindi Bennett, Phillip Pallas, Kylie Agllias -- Chapter 13: Aotearoa New Zealand Field Education Practice -- Kathryn Hay, Dominic Chilvers andJane Maidment -- Chapter 14: Understanding Simulated Learning and its Relationship to Field Education -- Jennifer Boddy, Lise Johns, Christian Frost, Mark Lynch andFiona Stevens -- Chapter 15: Social Work Field Education in Australia: Issues and Trends -- Kylie Agllias and Leanne Schubert -- Part IV: Social Work Field Education in Europe -- Chapter 16: 'She Subjected Me to Pressure from Everybody in the Team': Aligning Black African Students' Experiences of Field Education with Social Workers' Motivations for Becoming Practice Educators in England -- Prospera Tedam and Irine Mano -- Chapter 17: Teaching Field Social Work: Views from Ukrainian Academia -- Tetyana Semigina -- Chapter 18: Professional Placements in Social Work Training in Southern Spain: A Comparison with Other Social Sciences -- Roser Manzanera Ruiz and Maria del Valle Medina Rodriguez -- Chapter 19: Estonian Undergraduate Social Work Students' Reflections on the Field Placement: Challenges for the Novice Social Workers -- Karmen Toros, Kersti Kriisk and Anne Tiko -- Chapter 20: Field Work Education in Social Work in Italy -- Annamaria Campanini, Marilena Dellavalle and Giovanni Cellini -- Chapter 21: A Critical Review of Practice Education in England -- Graham Ixer, Mary Baginsky and Jill Manthorpe -- Chapter 22: Hearing the Student Voice: An Evaluation of Students' Experiences and Learning in Fieldwork Education in University College Dublin, Ireland -- Elaine Wilson and Niamh Flanagan -- Chapter 23: Fieldwork in Social Work Education in Slovenia: Needs, Challenges and Possible Solutions -- Liljana Rihter and Tamara Rape Žiberna -- Chapter 24: Prior to Embarking on First Fieldwork Education Exposure: Preparing Social Work Students Through Five Experiential Learning Activities -- Elena Cabiati and Fabio Folgheraiter -- Chapter 25: Reflexivity Development Demonstrated in Examples of Field Placements of Social Work Students -- Navrátil Pavel and Navrátilová Jitka -- Chapter 26: Experiences on Social Work Field Work Education in Romania -- Béla Szabó, Ágnes Dávid-Kacsó and Éva László -- Chapter 27: Reflexivity as a Pivotal Component of Fieldwork in Social Work Education -- Jarosław Przeperski and Małgorzata Ciczkowska-Giedziun -- Chapter 28: Unconventional Practice Placements: Creativity, Partnership and New Professional Opportunities in an Italian Experience of Social Work Field Education -- M.L. Raineri, F. Corradini. C. Landi, P. Limongelli -- Chapter 29: Construction and Evaluation of Knowledge in Social Work from the Evidence of Professional Internships in Spain -- Enrique Pastor Seller -- Chapter 30: Character Strengths and Virtues for Competent Fieldwork Education: Perspectives of Undergraduate Students from Two University Departments of Social Work in Greece -- Eleni Papouli, Sevaste Chatzifotiou and Charalampos Tsairidis -- Chapter 31: Supervision about Culture and Culture in Supervision: International Field Placement -- Gurid Aga Askeland and Elsa Døhlie -- Chapter 32: Resilience Enhancement in Social Work Field Education -- Monika Punová -- Chapter 33: Social Work Field Instruction in Turkey: Challenges, Problems and Based Implications -- Cemre Bolgün and Buğra Yildirim -- Part V: Social Work Field Education under Covid-19 -- Chapter 34: The Self-directed Practicum: An Innovative Response to COVID-19 and a Crisis in Field Education -- Beth Archer-Kuhn, Angela Judge-Stasiak, Lorraine Letkemann, Jennifer Hewson and Jessica Ayala -- Chapter 35: Covid-19 Pandemic: A Threat or an Opportunity to Fieldwork Education in England? -- Paula Beesley -- Chapter 36: Performance of Volunteering and Work Duties during the Pandemic of Covid-19 in the Czech Republic: Lived Experience of Social Work Students -- Marie Špiláčková, Kateřina Glumbíková, Veronika Zegzulková, Iva Tichá and Pavlína Rabasová -- Conclusion: Technological Advancement and Changing Landscape of Social Work Practice -- Challenges Ahead of Next-Generation Practitioners -- Rajendra Baikady, Varoshini Nadesan, Sajid S.M. and M. Rezaul Islam.

Part 1. Putting LGBTQ Issues on the Map -- 1. Maps of LGBT Issues Across the Globe (Stanley D. Brunn, Donna Gilbreath and Richard Gilbreath) -- 2. Representing the Perception of Violence in São Paulo, Brazil in Mental Maps: Queer Cartography as a Theoretical and Methodological Approach (Vinicius Santos Almeida) -- 3. Policy Makes a Family: Croatian LGBTQ Movement and the Struggle for Fostering Rights (Natalija Stepanović) -- 4. Law and Morality: Evolution of LGBT Rights in Estonia, Hungary and Poland—from Communist Past to Current Reality (Lehte Roots) -- 5. Queerness and Performance (un)doing the Map: Perspectives from the Global South (Kaciano Gadelha) -- 6. Representing the Hijras of South Asia: Toward Transregional and Global Flows (Aniruddha Dutta, Adnan Hossain and Claire Pamment) -- 7. Bench Love in Daneshjoo Park: Queering Public Spaces and Pedagogy for the Public in Teheran (Jón Ingvar Kjaran and Mohammad Naeimi) -- 8. LGBTQ+ Topographies: An Analysis of Socio-spatial Interactions by Mapping of Social Media in São Paulo and Berlin (Maycon Sedrez) -- 9. "The Whole Neighborhood is Becoming Gay!" Reflections on the Effects of Geolocated Dating Apps on the Practice and Perception of the Urban Space of Gay Men in Major French Cities (Clément Nicolle with translation by Nicholas Sowels) -- Part 2. Challenging Knowledge Production -- 10. Re-signifying Political Spatiality and Spatial Politics of all-Gender Spaces in New York (Stephanie Bonvissuto) -- 11. Enhancing the Erotic as Power: Sexuality and Pleasure in Feminist, Lesbian and Queer Spaces in Rome and Madrid (Giada Bonu) -- 12. Measuring Global Attitudes Toward Homosexuality: A Critical Review of LGBT indexes (Jaime Barrientos and Bladimir González) -- 13. Thinking Critically about 'Men who have Sex with Men' Data Collection and use in the Global South: Examples from the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (Andrew Tucker) -- 14. Gay Men Living with HIV in England and Italy in Times of Undetectability: A Life Course Perspective (Cesare Di Feliciantonio) -- 15. How Gay Men Viewed old Gay Men when they were Young or First Came out (Peter B. Robinson and Paul Simpson) -- 16. The Changing Geography of Homosexuality in Santiago de Chile: Is the Individual a New Space for Analysis? (Pablo Astudillo Lizama) -- 17. Dangerous Liaisons: Neoliberal Tropes of the 'Normal' and 'Middle-class Respectability' in the Post-socialist LG(BT) Activism (Roberto Kulpa) -- 18. When the City Calls: Mapping Indigenous Australian Queer Placemaking in Sydney (Corrinne T. Sullivan) -- 19. LGBT People in Small and Medium Villages: Spatial Analyses of Everyday Experiences in a Catalan Region (Maria Rodó-Zárate) -- Part 3. Making LGBTQ Places and Spaces Visible -- 20. Toward a Queering of the Right to the City: Insights from the Tensions in LGBTIQ+ politics in Geneva, the "Capital of Peace" (Karine Duplan) -- 21. Space and Identity: Comparing the Production of Queer Spaces in Amsterdam and Hong Kong (Katie Poltz) -- 22. When the Gay Village is Somewhere else: Reflections on LGBTQ+ Public Policies in Catalan Rural Areas (Jose Antonio Langarita, Jordi Mas Grau and Pilar Albertín Carbó) -- 23. When a Kiss is not Just a Kiss? Geographies of Lesbian and Gay Intimacy in France (Marianne Blidon) -- 24. Parading for the Future: Queer Temporalities of Pride in an Ordinary Israeli City (Gilly Hartal, Adi Moreno and Yossi David) -- 25. A decade of Prague Pride: Mapping Origins, Seeking Meanings, Understanding Effects (Michal Pitoňák) -- 26. Resisting pinkwashing: Adaptive Queerness in Vancouver Pride Parades (Andy Holmes) -- 27. On being Trans in Norway: Negotiating Belonging Through and within the (cis)gender Imaginary (france rose hartline) -- 28. Recognition or Othering? Trans*Representation in Russian Media (Tania Zabolotnaya and Katharina Wiedlack) -- Part 4. Resisting Oppression and Violence -- 29. The 'S' Factor: Feminist and Queer Movements and the Production of Safer Spaces in Urban Contexts in Rome and Madrid (Giada Bonu) -- 30. Gender Violence and Public Spaces in France and the United Kingdom: Contributions by Trans Studies to Feminist Geographies (Milan Bonté) -- 31. Displaying (trans)gender in Space and Time: Deconstructing Spatial Binaries of Violence and Security in the UK and Portugal (Ana Cristina Marques) -- 32. Out in the Country and in the city: Discourses and Practices of Being out in the Hungarian LGBTQ Community (Rita Béres-Deák) -- 33. Limiting Queerness: Finding the Spatiality and Spatial Boundaries of LGBTQ+ Community Centers (Stephanie Bonvissuto) -- 34. Queer Vietnamese Youths' Manoeuvring and (re)negotiation of Filial Duties: Becoming the Good Citizen (Silje Mathisen) -- 35. Resilience in the Face of Heteronormativity: Experiences of non-heterosexual Young Women in the Family Home in Manresa, Catalonia (Júlia Pascual Bordas) -- 36. Lesbian Life in a French Prison: Surveillance, Refuge and Self-naming (Natacha Chetcuti-Osorovitz with Translation by Sandrine Sanos) -- 37. "It's not About Surviving; it's About Protecting Ourselves": An Exploratory Field Study on Male Homosexuality in French Working-class Neighbourhoods (Axel Ravier) -- Part 5. Building LGBTQ Community and Perspectives -- 38. Experiencing Double Penalty for Being Gay and Asian in the West: How Intersection Modifies Migration Decisions of South Korean Gays and Lesbians (Marion Gilbert) -- 39. LGBTQ+ Choirs, Community Music, Queer Artistic Citizenship in London (Thomas R. Hilder) -- 40. An Emerging World of LGBT Stamps: (Stanley D. Brunn) -- 41. The Other Side of Laugavegur: Past Queer Spaces in Reykjavik (Ásta Kristín Benediktsdóttir and Jón Ingvar Kjaran) -- 42. Gay Inheritance Decisions: Family of Choice or Family of Origin (Peter B. Robinson) -- 43. Childhood Schools and the Ideal Citizen: Efforts to Support LGBTQ Children in Australian Schools in the 1980s and 2000s (Scott McKinnon) -- 44. Teaching Teenagers about Gender Norms and Sexuality Through Spatiality in French Rurality (Alix Teffo Sanchez).

This book investigates the less-explored dimensions of how industries in different Indian subnational spaces or states have responded to the growing phenomenon of internationalization. What factors have influenced firms participating in global business? Have state (both central and provincial) policies acted as catalyst for local firms? Not only does this study delve into these issues; it also painstakingly develops a comprehensive database that remains unique in the absence of reliable official statistics on this subject to date. Efforts have been made to establish a reasonably consistent dataset for the period 1990-2008 derived from the CMIE-PROWESS database. Care has been taken to condense the data and classify it by sector, location, size and ownership. The study delineates export patterns by firm and state and explores factors influencing export decisions according to sector, size and location. A further interesting aspect is the book's critical examination of industrial and trade promotion policies at the state/regional level that might have contributed to or hindered exporting by firms. The states considered for detailed policy discussions are highly diverse and include Gujarat, Odisha and Karnataka. To address the glaring absence of literature on the role of subnational factors in enterprises' export performance, a preliminary state-by-state analysis of the spatial determinants of firms' export activities is also provided. Jaya Prakash Pradhanis an associate professor at the Centre for Studies in Economics Planning, School of Social Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, India. He has earlier served on the faculties of the Central University of Karnataka (Gulbarga), Sardar Patel Institute of Economic Social Research (Ahmedabad), the Institute for Studies in Industrial Development (New Delhi), the Gujarat Institute of Development Research (Ahmadabad), and has worked as a consultant to the Research and Information System for Developing Countries (New Delhi). He obtained his M.Phil. and Ph.D. degrees from the Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. He is a recipient of UGC Research Award (2014-16) and at present undertaking a study on the linkages between quality of inward FDI and development.He has been involved in research studies for the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Geneva; Department of Scientific and Industrial Research under the Ministry of Science and Technology (Government of India); and Indian Council for Social Science Research under the Ministry of Human Resource Development (Government of India).He is the author of Indian Multinationals in the World Economy: Implications for Development(Bookwell Publisher, New Delhi, 2008); co-editor of The Rise of Indian Multinationals: Perspectives on Indian Outward Foreign Direct Investment(Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2010) and Industrialization, Economic Reforms and Regional Development: Essays in Honour of Professor Ashok Mathur(Shipra Publication, New Delhi, 2005); and co-author of Transnationalization of Indian Pharmaceutical SMEs(Bookwell Publisher, New Delhi, 2008).Keshab Dasis a professor at the Gujarat Institute of Development Research, Ahmedabad, India. He holds M.Phil. (Applied Economics) and Ph.D. (Economics) degrees from the Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi through the Centre for Development Studies, Trivandrum. He is a recipient of the VKRV Rao Prize in Social Sciences (Economics). He holds a bachelor's degree in Journalism and Mass Communications from the Berhampur University, Orissa.He has been a visiting researcher or faculty at the University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; International Institute of Social Studies (ISS), The Hague, Netherlands; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Institute of Developing Economies, Chiba, Japan; CNRS-REGARDS, Bordeaux, France; Maison des Sciences de l'Homme (MSH), Paris, France; and Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. He has undertaken CNRS Research Missions to the Netherlands and Italy and CNRS-British Academy Research Mission to the United Kingdom concerning issues on SME competitiveness and regional development in Asian developing countries.He has undertaken research studies sponsored by various Indian Government Ministries (Industry; Science and Technology; Rural Development; Human Resource Development; and Environment and Forests); Planning Commission; Government of Gujarat; International Commission of Jurists; UNICEF; UNIDO; ILO; Ford Foundation; University of Sussex; French Ministry of Research; IWMI-Tata Water Policy Program; Centre for Environment Education; Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation; Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), Bangkok; International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada; National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS), Paris, France; Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), UK and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.He has authored/co-authored/edited the following books: Globalization and Standards: Issues and Challenges in Indian Business (Springer, New Delhi, 2014); Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Competitiveness: Issues and Initiatives(Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation, Gandhinagar, 2011); Micro and Small Enterprises in India: The Era of Reforms(Routledge, New Delhi, 2011); Policy and Status Paper on Cluster Development in India(Foundation for MSME Clusters, New Delhi, 2007); Indian Industrial Clusters(Ashgate, Aldershot, UK, 2005); The Growth and Transformation of Small Firms in India(Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2001); and Peasant Economy and the Sugar Cooperative: A Study of the Aska Region in Orissa(CDS, Trivandrum, 1993).Published extensively, his research concerns issues in regional development, industrialization, small firm development, industrial clusters, informal sector, labor and basic infrastructure in both rural and urban areas.

Issues linking climate change and economic growth are now at the centre of discussions regarding development strategies especially in the context of developing countries. This book contributes by analyzing the relationship between economic growth and GHG emissions in India with explicit reference to all major economic sectors. One of the most popular tools for macroeconomic policy analysis is Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). The book presents the methods and estimates of the latest Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for India, which provides a major data base describing the complete circular flow of income and input-output transactions among the sectors of the economy. The novelty of the book lies in the fact that for the first time a SAM has been prepared for the Indian economy with environmental indicators. A detailed methodology for constructing such an extended SAM is also presented in the book. The environmental social accounting matrix (ESAM) based analysis has been included to show direct and indirect links between economic growth and GHG emissions. The book also includes analysis of factors affecting historical GHG emissions trends in India. The book goes beyond SAM and applies computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling to derive climate-change policy analysis and simulations. This CGE-based analysis is an important contribution to the current debate surrounding carbon tax and its possible impact on macroeconomic growth. Dr. Barun Deb Palis currently an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Social and Economic Change, Bangalore. He has been working in the field of SAM based CGE modelling for the last 7 years. He has also worked on climate-smart agriculture and land-use planning models for South Asia as a key researcher at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). He has a long professional affiliation with the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), working on climate change CGE modeling. He has published papers in journals of international repute with one of his publication being 'A Social Accounting Matrix for India', published in 2012 in Economic Systems Research (Taylor and Francis). His current areas of research interest include various developmental issues and their linkages with climate change, low carbon agriculture, Infrastructure and public utility pricing.Dr. Vijay P Ojhais a Professor of Economics at the Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad, India. A Computable General Equilibrium modeler (CGE) by training, he employed the CGE modeling technique to analyze the trade-offs among carbon emissions, economic growth and poverty reduction in India while tenuring as a post-doctoral Commonwealth Fellow at the Environment Department, University of York, United Kingdom in 2004. Ever since, he has been working on climate-change issues using the CGE modeling methodology. He has authored many published reports and academic journal papers His most recent publications are in the Journal of Policy Modeling (Elsevier) and Environment and Development Economics (Cambridge University Press).Dr. Sanjib Pohitis presently working as a Senior Principal Scientist, Senior Fellow at the National Institute of Science, Technology Development Studies (CSIR). He was educated at the Indian Statistical Institute. Previously, he held research positions (Senior Fellow/Chief Economist) at the National Council for Applied Economic Research, New Delhi and the Indian Statistical Institute and was also a visiting scholar at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, USA) and the Conference Board of Canada. Dr. Pohit has been a member of several committees of the Government of India and a Council Member of the Gerson Lehman group. He has been a consultant to various national and international bodies, including The World Bank, Asian Development Bank, The Energy Resource Institute, OECD, CUTS, Price Waterhouse Coopers, ICRIER and RIS (New Delhi). Dr. Pohit is an experienced modeler in the area of trade and environment with 20 years of modeling experience. He has he worked in the area of institutional economics, transport economics, input-output models, FDI, informal trade, the automobile industry and South Asian integration. He has co-authored 6 books, and has published more than 100 articles in journals/books. He has presented his research at seminars and conferences in different parts of the world - Japan, Canada, USA, India, Bangladesh, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Singapore and Finland.Dr. Joyashree Roy, an ICSSR National Fellow, is currently a Professor of Economics at Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. Additionally, she coordinates the Global Change Programme and also directs the Ryoichi Sasakawa Young Leaders Fellowship Fund Project at Jadavpur University. In 2007 she was on the Nobel Peace Prize winning panel -IPCC (Intergovernmental panel on climate change). She has been involved in preparation of Stern Review Report, Global Energy Assessment and many other national and global reports. She has published more than 70 peer-reviewed articles in journals of national and international repute. Her research interests are in resource and environmental economics, particularly in the field of energy demand modelling, economic assessment of application of non-renewable and renewable resources for urban and rural problems, economic and social dimensions of climate change, water resource management and multidisciplinary research on sustainable development, sustainability transition, ecosystem services in the context of coastal ecosystem.

Abstract: Despite crises and uncertainty in international capital markets, foreign direct investment (FDI) by multinational enterprises (MNE) is booming. The buzzword is globalization. The business world is expected to be moving closer together through more or less recent developments in communication technologies and transportation facilities. The political ideal of democracy along with a liberalization of national economies seems to have finally gained the recognition it deserves as the system that in the end allows for the best utilization of wealth creating endowments. Besides differences in economic development, cultural differences remain as a single important means of distinguishing between people from several nations. The critical issue is that this situation is being recognized and mankind restrains from emphasizing distinctions, and instead focuses an working out compatibility between cultures. Culture has been given the attribute of being responsible for economic performance by several scholars over the past decade. The original aim has been at explaining the continuous growth of the economies of Asian NICs which, however, came to an abrupt and widely unexpected end an 2 July 1997. Still the importance of culture seems to have been underestimated, otherwise the crisis might have been foreseeable. If cultural factors are of significant importance for overall economic performance, i.e. an the macro-economic level, they must be of at least the same importance for the performance of companies that work within the particular culture, i.e. an the micro-economic level. In this case, not only local but international investors in particular are affected by their respective cultural environment as two - or even more - different cultures have to be brought to work together. Obviously, a consensus has to be found between influences from home and host country culture. This situation often is expected to be a threat to the economic performance of the MNE. However, no existing culture in the world today can be viewed as superior to others in all aspects. Moreover, each culture has positive as well as negative factors. A MNE then, if it is able to effectively bring together several cultures in order to achieve one common goal, should be able to make use of the positive sides of the cultures at its different locations. Dunning Bansal analyze the effects of culture an multinational enterprises applying John H. Dunning's "Eclectic Paradigm of International Production", which is seen as the most comprehensive approach to explaining MNE behavior. They mainly base their findings an identifying cultural influences an foreign investment in existing literature. The unequal distribution of comparative competitive advantages in different industrial sectors between countries is attributed to culture. MNEs from one country that have an advantage in one sector are found to be able to export this advantage to a foreign location at least to some extent. Home country culture is expectedly found to influence a company's perception about its ownership advantages, the necessity and its ability to internalize markets, and its perception about locational advantages in both the home and the host countries. This paper extends that point of view by taking into account not only the culture in the MNE's home country, but also cultural features in the post country. The perspective is changed in so far as the host country culture is given a greater role in influencing the MNE's perceptions about its ownership advantages and Internalization and locational opportunities. One may argue that each company has a unique business culture that is supported by the home country culture and will be taken everywhere the company goes. However, Berger found that it is not possible to export the basic cultural factors that are held responsible for economic performance. Therefore, it is desirable to integrate the MNE's business culture and the host country's culture. According to Smith, business culture is strongly dependent on national culture anyway. Therefore, in order to make this paper appiicable to all companies in one country and to make cultures comparable, it will make no difference between national culture and business culture. This implies that culture not only is a firm specific but also a location specific factor in MNE activity. Having talked about the significance of culture for MNEs, the question arises of what culture is and how exactly does it influence the. location selection of MNEs. Studies an culture have identified several categories which Dunning Bansal found to be differing only in certain minor details. In agreement with this statement, this paper focuses an the study an countries' value systems introduced by Hofstede, extended by Hofstede Bond, and restated and summarized in Hofstede. It is the most widely known and applied approach to explain international cultural differences. Moreover, it represents a strong means of analyzing the core dimensions of both home and host country culture. On the other hand, it has been shown, for example, by Aharoni and Davidson that certain country characteristics such as language and customs play a major role in MNE location. Therefore, an the basis of Terpstra David's anthropological approach, further factors from the international business environment, that are more obvious an the outer layer of a country's culture, are taken into consideration. Both the environmental factors and the underlying value system will be shown to influence and support the central prerequisite for the positive outcome of economic transactions: trust. Trust has been identified by Fukuyama and Berger as the single most important aspect influencing economic performance. The relevance of trust to economic theory, thereby, is derived from the fact that essentially economic life consists of multiple encounters between individuals. Indeed, economic transactions depend an individual decisions made within an interdependent system. If trust is lacking between the individuals the respective decisions will lead to a negative outcome of economic transactions due to rising transaction costs. Furthermore, trust can be seen as the single cultural component that is generated by interaction between people and, therefore, may be influenced by outsiders. lt is a characteristic that is shown to be of great importance to a foreign company aiming at internalizing markets in distant cultural settings. Casson analyzes the effects of trust and the efforts of the outsider, who takes the role of the group leader, an the level of transaction costs. By analyzing the significance Hofstede's value System and the two environmental factors of religion and language have for trust, this thesis will show how the perception an the achievability of intercultural trust between a foreign investor and the host country culture influences the location selection of MNE. In the part that is intended to show the relevance of culture in international business activities in the real world, this study will for several reasons consider operations of firms from only one source country - the United States of America - in only one host country - Thailand. Restrictions in financial resources, as weil as time and space, are self-explanatory causes for this limitation. More important, however, is the need to narrow down the research to a country by country scope due to the vast cultural differences that exist between each country. So why does it make sense to choose the very countries of the USA and Thailand? The United States of America as a country is in the lead position in the world, both from a political and economic standpoint. Moreover, the USA serves as a model for industrialized as well as for developing nations. The development of multinational enterprises initially was started by U.S. firms and FDI by U.S. companies still accounts for the largest part of world wide foreign investment. In 1995, U.S. companies controlled 21,318 foreign subsidiaries worldwide, worth $2,815 billion in foreign direct investment. Of these investments $614 Billion were located in the Pacific Asian region, including Southeast Asia. Thailand, as one of the NICs in Southeast Asia, is predestined for this study due to two major characteristics that make it unique in the world. First, it has never been colonized by Western countries and, therefore, could retain its distinct cultural identity much clearer than other nations. Secondly, before the start of the crisis in July 1997, the Thai GNP had grown for 30 consecutive years. Indeed, in 1988 the fastest annual growth rate ever recorded in the world's economic history was calculated in Thailand at 13.2 percent. Therefore, the country has been attributed the "fifth tiger" following Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. Mainly supported by rising exports and continuing foreign investments, the annual growth from 1992 to 1996 continued at an estimated average of 8.2 percent. Until the mid-1980s U.S. companies were the largest foreign investors. It was only after 1987 that net inflows of investment from Japan and the four original "tigers" exceeded that of the United States. This paper is separated into three interactive parts. Part 1 deals with the theoretical background behind this study, and after these introductory notes, gives an overview of the theory of international production in order to show which factors influence MNEs and their activities. First, the basic terms are defined and then the most important theories are summarized. Chapter three starts with the definition of culture and goes an to show some basic elements of the environment international companies have to deal with, namely, religion and language. It then summarizes Hofstede's value system approach and Casson's findings an trust and leadership. Finally, the environmental factors and the value System are integrated into the theory of trust and leadership in order to show how they are able to reduce the cultural distance between investors and host countries. Part II of the paper is devoted to the interaction between the two cultures of Thailand as a host country and the USA as the investor's home country. First, both value systems and environmental factors are analyzed and compared. Then some findings from interviews with U.S.-American' investors an cultural factors that influenced their location selection will be summarized in order to provide some anecdotal evidence an how trust was generated in their decision to invest in Thailand. In Part III, the findings from the two previous parts will be synthesized into the theory of international production. Based an the assumption developed in the preceding parts that location decisions are made in pursuit of a fit between the investor's and the host country's cultures, the findings an the influences of inter-cultural trust and leadership an transaction costs will be integrated into the respective components of the Eclectic Paradigm of International Production. Finally, the findings are summarized and some conclusions are drawn. Einleitung: Trotz der Krisen auf Kapitalmärkten in Asien und anderswo boomen ausländische Direktinvestitionen weltweit. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die These, dass Kultur eine wichtige Rolle bei der Standortwahl multinationaler Unternehmen (MNU) spielt. Kultur wird definiert als eine "kollektive Programmierung des Geistes, die das Verhalten in der Umwelt und die Auffassung darüber auf eine Art und Weise beeinflusst, die durch menschliches Zusammenleben erlernt wird". Vertrauen wird als wichtigster Kulturaspekt herausgestellt, da ein hohes Maß an Vertrauen zu einer Reduktion von Transaktionskosten führt. Vertrauen kann durch eine Führungspersönlichkeit erzeugt werden. Das Maß an interkulturellem Vertrauen, das zwischen der MNU und dem Gastland aufgebaut werden kann, variiert mit der Durchsetzungsfähigkeit der Führungskraft und der Offenheit der Untergebenen für Manipulation. Dabei hängen die angenommene Stärke der Führungskraft und die erwartete Offenheit des lokalen Personals für fremde Einflüsse ab von Unterschieden und Gemeinsamkeiten in den jeweiligen Wertesystemen und kulturellen Aspekten wie Religion und Sprache bzw. Sprachkenntnissen. Erfahrungsberichte U.S.-amerikanischer Investoren in Thailand werden analysiert, um zu zeigen, dass die Erwartung, dass eine hohes Maß an interkulturellem Vertrauen erzeugt werden kann, eine wichtige Rolle bei der Wahl Thailands als Standort für die Südostasien-Zentrale spielen kann. Ein umfassender Vergleich der U.S.-amerikanischen und thailändischen Kulturen wird angeführt, um die obigen Annahmen zu belegen. Die Ergebnisse werden in das "Eklektische Paradigma der Internationalen Produktion" (auch OLI-Paradigma) eingeflochten, um die Relevanz der eigentümer-, standort- und internalisierungsbezogenen Aspekte bei der Suche der MNU nach dem Standort aufzuzeigen, an dem das höchste Maß an Vertrauen erreicht werden kann.

Seit dem Koreakrieg 1950-53 basierte die Sicherheitsarchitektur der lange Zeit als "Asien-Pazifik" bezeichneten Region auf einem US-geführten System bilateraler Allianzen, dem sogenannten Nabe-und-Speichen-System. Ein multilaterales System kollektiver Verteidigung, ähnlich der Nato in Europa, gab es in der Region bislang nicht. 2014 begann die Volksrepublik China unter Xi Jinping, eigene Ideen zur Neugestaltung des regionalen Sicherheitssystems zu entwickeln. Xi nannte das Nabe-und-Speichen-System ein Relikt des Kalten Krieges und forderte eine regionale Sicherheitsarchitektur "von Asiaten für Asiaten". Das Konzept "Indo-Pazifik" gilt weithin als strategischer Gegenentwurf zu einer sinozentristischen Neustrukturierung der Region. Dabei wird die Sicherheitsarchitektur mehrheitlich als antagonistische Ordnung verstanden, in der Sicherheit gegen und nicht mit China hergestellt wird. Diese Architektur ist stärker als bisher »asianisiert«: Nicht nur wächst die Bedeutung der US-Alliierten in der Region im Verhältnis zu Washington. Immer wichtiger werden auch bi- und minilaterale Partnerschaften außerhalb des Nabe-und-Speichen-Systems, etwa diejenigen mit Beteiligung von Staaten wie Indien oder Indonesien. Strukturell dominieren bilaterale Allianzen und Partnerschaften, die zunehmend um minilaterale Formate wie AUKUS oder Quad ergänzt werden. Für die EU und ihre Mitgliedstaaten bedeutet all dies, dass die Verwirk­lichung der Idee eines inklusiv ausgerichteten Indo-Pazifik in weite Ferne gerückt ist. Auch der effektive Multilateralismus, den die EU propagiert, gerät zusehends ins Hintertreffen, da die regionale Sicherheitsarchitektur sich mehr und mehr zu einem Nebeneinander bi- und minilateraler Kooperationsformate wandelt. (Autorenreferat)

"Placing Empire examines the spatial politics of Japanese imperialism through a study of Japanese travel and tourism to Korea, Manchuria, and Taiwan between the late nineteenth century and the early 1950s. In a departure from standard histories of Japan, this book shows how debates over the place of colonized lands reshaped the social and spatial imaginary of the modern Japanese nation and how, in turn, this sociospatial imaginary affected the ways in which colonial difference was conceptualized and enacted. In so doing, it illuminates how ideas of place became central to the production of new forms of colonial hierarchy as empires around the globe transitioned from an era of territorial acquisition to one of territorial maintenance"--Provided by publisher.

The policy of the EU and its member states vis-à-vis Central Asia's authoritarian states is focused first and foremost on stability. At the same time, it is hoped that the region's political elites will allow themselves to be swayed by "constructive engagement" and "dialogue" to abide by human rights standards and to pursue democratic reforms. In accordance with this policy, the Central Asian states are incorporated into international cooperation projects, which focus on shared interests and blur the variance in different values. Just how unsuccessful this approach is has been demonstrated by Kazakhstan's OSCE chairmanship. Kazakhstan's leadership has primarily used the office to consolidate its domestic power rather than promoting acceptance of the "human dimension" of security in the post-Soviet space and leading by good example. If it wishes to avoid such outcomes in the future, the West must develop a more acute awareness of the behavioural logic driving its partners

'Der Aufstieg Chinas als internationale Wirtschaftskraft und als politische Macht hat Konsequenzen für die internationale Arbeitsteilung, die Energiesicherheit und die Zukunft des internationalen Systems. Das zunehmende wirtschaftliche Gewicht der Volksrepublik, ihre politische Stellung in Asien und anderen Weltregionen und die mögliche Machtkonkurrenz zwischen China und den USA sind auch für die deutsche und europäische Politik von eminenter Bedeutung. Sie werden die Beziehungen Europas zu den USA nicht unberührt lassen. Die Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik hat am 18.01.2006 in einer eintägigen Veranstaltung die aktuelle Diskussion über die internationale Dimension des Aufstiegs Chinas thematisiert. Die vorliegende Studie dokumentiert Beiträge zu dieser Veranstaltung.' (Autorenreferat). Inhaltsverzeichnis: Konkurrenz, Rivalität, Konflikt: das Dreieck China - USA - Europa: Friedemann Müller: Chinas Energiepolitik - geopolitische Konsequenzen (9-14); Jens van Scherpenberg: Handels- und Technologiemacht China (15-20); Carsten Klenke: Rüstungsgüter (21-28). Chinas neue regionale Präsenz: Johannes Reissner: China und der weitere Mittlere Osten (29-32); Denis M. Tull: China und Afrika (33-39); Günther Maihold: China und Lateinamerika (40-49); Hanns Günther Hilpert: Der Aufstieg Chinas zur neuen wirtschaftlichen Mitte Asiens (50-60). Strategische Konsequenzen: Gudrun Wacker: Chinas 'Grand Strategy' (61-66); Peter Rudolf: Der Aufstieg Chinas und die USA: Perzeption und Strategie (67-73); Kay Möller: Europas Politik: weder multipolar noch multilateral (74-79).