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The ever-expanding demand for higher education poses a special challenge for small states. Historically many of their citizens have studied at traditional universities overseas but the increasing foreign exchange costs to individuals and governments precludes sending people abroad as a core strategy for achieving mass higher education. Small states now want to offer more postsecondary education on their territories, not just to save money but also to reduce brain drain and to enhance the cultural, economic, and social benefits associated with local higher education.// However, countries with populations of less than a quarter of a million people do not have the critical mass to create national institutions in the image of those traditional universities at which their elites studied overseas. The Commonwealth of Learning is helping small states to invent new types of postsecondary institutions that achieve the goal of providing local education at reasonable cost. This means combining several approaches: expanding local conventional provision; structuring partnerships with overseas institutions; expanding the use of distance learning, both synchronous and asynchronous; and adapting global intellectual resources to local needs.// The paper explores an important new phenomenon that recasts the old debates about balancing nationalism and regionalism in a new light. This is the rapid deepening of a global pool of Open Educational Resources (OERs) of high quality. These allow institutions to offer authentically local curricula developed to world standards of quality. The Virtual University for Small States of the Commonwealth is a first step in exploiting this new trend.

In this article I discuss the themes of movement and restriction inherent in digital technologies in two very different artistic projects, both of which offer aesthetic material for debating the politics of data. I approach this discussion through the term gravity as used by philosopher Levi R. Bryant (The Gravity of Things; Onto-Cartography). Through an analogy to Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, Bryant suggests the term gravity to denote how both semiotic and material entities influence the becoming and movement of subjects and collectives in time and space (Bryant, The Gravity of Things 10). I use this as a point of departure to investigate the shared space between physical and virtual borders, and the streams of data that are formed by, and also form, the space they traverse. The term gravity is used to elucidate the contours of the digital space that determines the paths between sender and receiver, as well as draws and erases borders, restricts and enables movement.

The latest expansion of the EU towards the East has again modified its borders, showing once again the intangibility and flexibility of the latter. The very definition of border acquires different meanings depending on which theme is being discussed: an impenetrable barrier against migratory flows and the introduction of goods, transforming itself into a strainer for the exporting of national products. The new Internal Affairs Commissioner for the EU, Rocco Buttiglione, affirms on the one hand that migratory flows cannot be blocked manu militari, although he also believes that Europe decides who can enter and who cannot. Even within Europe, and despite the Schengen Agreements, borders are taking shape in concrete situations, reminding us that their disappearance is not definitive. We should differentiate between natural borders and those erected by man; in reference to the latter we will focus on walls, such as the one no longer standing in Berlin or that illegally erected by Israel in the Occupied Territories, scoffing at the international bodies dedicated to the defense of human rights and freedoms. In reference to natural borders, in direct opposition to those made by man, and due to the dramatic events that are taking place, we will concentrate on the oceans, true black holes in which the dreams of immigrants come to a tragic end. The absence of man-made elements can be more powerful than the presence of the very same barriers. The interesting thing about the Berlin Wall, having certain similarities to the Great Wall of China, is its slow (but deliberate)transformation from Cold War symbol to souvenir and finally its disappearance altogether in favour of urbanistic exploitation. The best analysis of this condition, as R. Koolhaas states (encloses free space, leaving outside the enclosed city), resides in its mutable situation, sometimes improvised evolution, and others detailed planning. It seems unfathomable that after the disappearance of one wall someone could construct another, especially under ...

non-peer-reviewed ; Against the backdrop of the humanitarian tragedy unfolding in the waters of the Mediterranean and refugee camps around the world, psychologists and other social scientists must ask themselves whether their discipline can offer any answers. For example, why do politicians and citizens in at least some Western countries find it difficult to welcome those fleeing warfare or persecution? What kinds of problems are encountered by refugees once they have been given permission to settle temporarily or permanently in a new culture? How are these issues represented in the media and everyday discourse? We as psychologists have not always been effective in explaining how our research is relevant to this issue, yet these are all phenomena that clearly have a psychological component. Here, we attempt to showcase some of the ways that psychology can help us to understand the refugee crisis ; PUBLISHED ; non-peer-reviewed

International borders have become deadly barriers of a proportion rivaled only by war or natural disaster. Yet despite the damage created by borders, most people can't – or don't want to – imagine a world without them. What alternatives do we have to prevent the deadly results of contemporary borders? In today's world, national citizenship determines a person's ability to migrate across borders. Migration Borders Freedom questions that premise. Recognizing the magnitude of deaths occurring at contemporary borders worldwide, the book problematizes the concept of the border and develops arguments for open borders and a world without borders. It explores alternative possibilities, ranging from the practical to the utopian, that link migration with ideas of community, citizenship, and belonging. The author calls into question the conventional political imagination that assumes migration and citizenship to be responsibilities of nation states, rather than cities. While the book draws on the theoretical work of thinkers such as Ernst Bloch, David Harvey, and Henry Lefebvre, it also presents international empirical examples of policies and practices on migration and claims of belonging. In this way, the book equips the reader with the practical and conceptual tools for political action, activist practice, and scholarly engagement to achieve greater justice for people who are on the move.

This publication and the same name Round table are part of the international bilateral cooperation between Serbia and Portugal 2018-2019, with project title The Small Power, International Dynamics and Internal Politics: Portugal and Serbia (1878-1926/1929). A Parallel Study No. 451-03-1924/2016-09/9) funded by Ministry for Science, Education and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia and The Foundation for Science and Technology, Ministry for Science, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Portugal

The article addresses the government's inability to control international migration. According to the author, the reality is that borders are beyond control and little can be done to really cut down on immigration. The author suggests that there must be a seismic shift in the way migration is addressed: governments must reorient their policies from attempting to curtail migration to coping and managing it to seek benefits for all. According to the author, this requires isolating key migration questions from the many other issues that attend the flows of humanity across national borders. The most compelling problems result from emigration from less developed to more developed countries. They arise in three areas: (1) skilled workers are legally emigrating, temporarily or permanently, to rich countries, (2) largely unskilled migrants are entering developed countries illegally and looking for work, and (3) there is the "involuntary" movement of people, whether skilled or unskilled, across borders to seek asylum. All three problems raise issues that derive from the fact that the flows cannot be effectively constrained and must instead be creatively accommodated.

Throughout 2016 and emerging into 2017, we saw a global upheaval of liberal thinking. Through Brexit, Trump's America and Modi's India, freedom of movement across borders were increasingly under threat. Politics, and in particular the populist movements can be seen to be increasingly benefiting from social media as a way to get 'directly to the people'. It is in this context that we worked with contributors that were working in some of the invisible borders - borders between endangered languages, borders between life and death - alongside people building bridges; bridges of openness, bridges in creativity; bridges between visibility in AI and our voice. This book includes contributions from Mozilla, the AHRC and London

Our personal data is everywhere and anywhere, moving across national borders in ways that defy normal expectations of how things and people travel from Point A to Point B. Yet, whereas data transits the globe without any intrinsic ties to territory, the governments that seek to access or regulate this data operate with territorial-based limits. This Article tackles the inherent tension between how governments and data operate, the jurisdictional conflicts that have emerged, and the power that has been delegated to the multinational corporations that manage our data across borders as a result. It does so through the lens of the highly contested and often conflicting approaches to the jurisdictional reach of law enforcement over data, the so-called right to be forgotten, and a range of other privacy regulations-engaging in an in-depth analysis as to how these issues are playing out across both Europe and the United States. In so doing, the Article highlights the flaws with the straightforward application of old jurisdictional rules onto the new medium of data-taking on recent scholarship on this issue. And it shines a spotlight on the unilateral rulemaking by powerful states and the powerful multinational companies that manage our data, which in turn puts private, multinational companies increasingly in control of whose rules govern and thus the substance of both privacy and speech rights on a global, or near-global, basis

Our contemporary moment of reckoning presents an opportunity to evaluate racial subordination and structural inequality throughout our three-tiered domestic, transnational, and international criminal law system. In particular, this Essay exposes a pernicious racial dynamic in contemporary U.S. global criminal justice policy, which I call othering across borders. First, this othering may occur when race emboldens political and prosecutorial actors to prosecute foreign defendants. Second, racial animus may undermine U.S. engagement with international criminal legal institutions, specifically the International Criminal Court. This Essay concludes with measures to mitigate such othering.

Despite widespread scepticism in receiving societies, migrants often remain loyal to their former homeland and stay active in the politics there. Beyond Dutch Borders is about such ties. Combining extensive fieldwork with quantitative data, this book compares how transnational political involvement among guest workers from Turkey and post-colonial migrants from Surinam living in the Netherlands has evolved over the past half-century. It looks at Turks seeking to improve their position in Dutch society, Kurds lobbying for equal rights in Turkey and Surinamese hoping to boost development in their country of origin. Sending-state governments, political parties and organisations are shown to be key shapers of transnational migrant politics both in opposition to, and support of, homeland ruling elites. Meanwhile, it becomes clear that migrants' border-crossing loyalties and engagement have not dented their political integration in the receiving societies - quite the opposite. Certainly in this respect, the sceptics have been wrong.

This editorial article argues for No Borders as a practical political project. We first critically examine borders as ideological, generating and reinforcing inequality. We consider some responses to injustices produced by borders: the call for "human rights"; attempts to make immigration controls more "humanitarian"; and trade unions' organizing and campaigning with undocumented workers. Recognizing the important contributions of some of these responses, we argue that nevertheless they have often been limited because they do not question sovereignty, the territorializing of people's subjectivities, and nationalism. No Borders politics rejects notions of citizenship and statehood, and clarifies the centrality of borders to capitalism. We argue that No Borders is a necessary part of a global system of common rights and contemporary struggle for the commons. The article concludes by highlighting the main themes of the papers that make up the Special Issue, a number of which explore practical instances of the instantiation of No Borders politics. ; Le présent article de tête présente le mouvement No Border comme projet politique pratique. Les auteurs examinent d'abord de façon critique les frontières en tant qu'idéologie produisant et renforçant l'inégalité. Ils considèrent quelques réactions aux injustices produites par les frontières: appels aux « droits humains », tentatives de rendre les contrôles d'immigration plus « humanitaires », mouvements syndicaux d'organisation et de lutte avec les travailleurs sans-papiers . Reconnaissant l'importante contribution de certaines de ces réactions, ils soutiennent qu'elles sont néanmoins souvent limitées parce qu'elles ne mettent pas en cause la souveraineté, la territorialisation des subjectivités individuelles et le nationalisme. Le mouvement No Border rejette les notions de citoyenneté et d'État et met au grand jour le rôle central des frontières au sein du capitalisme. Les auteurs soutiennent que No Border est un élement nécessaire d'un système mondial de droits ...

Lawrence Osborne's Beautiful Animals, published in 2017, is the story of two young women holidaying on a Greek Island. The American citizen Samantha and the British citizen Naomi befriend each other during their summer break when they find Faoud, a Syrian refugee washed on the shores of the island. Faoud turns into their summer project. They find him an abandoned home in a village and cherish him with food and drink every day. However, the project fails and they find themselves in a psychologically traumatic adventure that forces them to question the cultural, political and even psychological borders of what they dare to do. This paper focuses on the anxiety of the young women over Faoud's existence that prompts crucial cultural and political questions. In analysing the novel from the perspective of Sartre's existentialism, the paper also questions the cultural, political and geographical borders as well as the behavioural and psychological limits of what one can do for self-protection.

International audience ; In this chapter, we will be looking at the conditions for the emergence of critical maps and mapping performances which go beyond the state-centric perspective of conventional border maps, and which allow us to analyze critically the cartographic practices of geo-surveillance, particularly in the context of migration. Our purpose is to envision a critical border cartography based on the study and visualization of borders from the perspective of those who try to cross them and who are excluded from the right of migration. By choosing to focus in particular on individual experiences of migrants, the aim is to contribute to the decentralization of state meta-narratives on border politics.

International audience ; In this chapter, we will be looking at the conditions for the emergence of critical maps and mapping performances which go beyond the state-centric perspective of conventional border maps, and which allow us to analyze critically the cartographic practices of geo-surveillance, particularly in the context of migration. Our purpose is to envision a critical border cartography based on the study and visualization of borders from the perspective of those who try to cross them and who are excluded from the right of migration. By choosing to focus in particular on individual experiences of migrants, the aim is to contribute to the decentralization of state meta-narratives on border politics.