Suchergebnisse

Civil-military relations are vital to the coherence and effectiveness of post-conflict peacebuilding, but have often been problematic. This article argues that civil-military issues vary systematically in relation to the particular civil and military actors in peacebuilding, and that the coercive content of the external military's mission creates special challenges in each of these sets of relationships. Given the significance of the military footprint, the article presents trade-offs for policymakers intending to use military forces to make peace.

A panel discussion on military-civil relations with General Charles Boyd, USAF, retired; Lieutenant General Brent Scowcroft, USAF, retired; and Professor Ole Holsti; moderated by Professor Mackubin Owens. ; "4 May 2000." ; Mode of access: Internet.

Deriving in part from its Soviet past, Russia's military doctrine represents more than just a road map of how to fight the nation's wars; it also specifies threats to national interests, in this case the United States, NATO and international terrorism. Against this background, Robert Brannon demonstrates that the military's influence may reveal as much about politics as it does the military.

The Center for Civil-Military Relations in Monterey, California, helps nations resolve issues resulting from defense transformation, stability and support operations, terrorism, and other security challenges. In the past two years, the Center has helped educate almost 7,000 foreign military officers and civilians in programs conducted in host countries and in the United States.

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Dedication -- About the Author -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Russian Civil-Military Relations in Transition -- 2 Military Doctrine and Security Strategy in Modern Russia -- 3 Past as Prologue: Setting the Scene, 1996-1998 -- 4 Case I: The Russians Are Coming! The Race to Pristina Airport, June 1999 -- 5 Case II: The Second Road to War in Chechnya: Dagestan, July-September 1999 -- 6 Case III: High Seas Tragedy and Military Melodrama: The Submarine Kursk Tragedy, August 2000 -- 7 Conclusions -- Epilogue: Russia and Georgia: The Summer of 2008 -- Appendices -- Appendix A Russian Military Doctrine, November 1993 -- Appendix B Russian National Security Policy, December 1997 -- Appendix C The World Ocean: Concept Paper for Russia's Naval Program -- Appendix D Russian National Security Concept, January 2000 -- Appendix E Russian Military Doctrine, April 2000 -- Bibliography

Civil-Military Relations in Southeast Asia reviews the historical origins, contemporary patterns, and emerging changes in civil-military relations in Southeast Asia from colonial times until today. It analyzes what types of military organizations emerged in the late colonial period and the impact of colonial legacies and the Japanese occupation in World War II on the formation of national armies and their role in processes of achieving independence. It analyzes the long term trajectories and recent changes of professional, revolutionary, praetorian and neo-patrimonial civil-military relations in the region. Finally, it analyzes military roles in state- and nation-building; political domination; revolutions and regime transitions; and military entrepreneurship

Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- INTRODUCTION -- I The 1920s -- I DEVISING A NEW MILITARY DOCTRINE OFFENSE VS. DEFENSE -- II DECIDING ON A FORCE STRUCTURE DEBATE ABOUT A MILITIA -- III HOW TO DEAL WITH NON-RUSSIANS THE QUESTION OF NATIONAL ARMIES -- IV RED OR EXPERT PERSONNEL ISSUES -- II The Gorbachev Period -- V GETTING CONTROL OF MILITARY DOCTRINE -- VI RESTRUCTURING THE ARMED FORCES HOW PROFESSIONAL A MILITARY? -- VII THE REVIVAL OF NATIONAL MILITARY FORCES -- VIII CADRE AND PARTY -- III Toward a Russian Army -- IX THE POST-COUP PERIOD AND THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES -- X THE RUSSIAN ARMY FACES AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- INDEX

This article addresses the relevance of gender to understand the transformations of civil-military relations in advanced democracies. After clarifying the analytical perspective in an opening section, it examines in a second section the debate over women's roles in the military - the so-called 'rights vs. readiness' debate - to show how gender issues have been both an arena for the expression of civil-military tensions and a constitutive element of civil-military relations. Resorting to available empirical information on Western advanced democracies, it focuses in a third section on the topic of women's military integration, highlighting how it has exerted pressures to bring about greater convergence between armed forces and societies. Since these pressures have not been uniform, the article highlights patterns of similarity and difference among countries, showing how varying constellations of circumstances in both armed forces and societies at large have produced different outcomes. The article makes two claims: that gender issues have become an increasingly important indicator of trends in civil-military relations and that both military effectiveness, and congruence between the armed forces and democratic social values can better be achieved if gender issues are addressed and gender integration is promoted in the military. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This book represents the first attempt to deal with the problem of how to conceptualize the civil-military relations of communist systems within a common intellectual framework. The opening chapters present three major constructs originally designed for analyzing civil-military relations in the USSR: the interest group approach, the institutional congruence approach, and the participatory model. In subsequent chapters the utility of these approaches is tested against a wide variety of communist systems, including those of Cuba, the USSR, China, Romania, Hungary, the GDR, and Poland. In probing these issues for the first time, the authors shed considerable light on the transnational differences and similarities among communist systems, and the dynamics of civil-military relations in all communist systems.

Peacekeeping in the late 1990s is a complex and diverse task. Missions involve military, political and humanitarian aspects and, as a result, civilian and military personnel are working together to a greater degree than ever before. Peacekeeping operations in the 1990s have been marked by insufficient military input at the strategic level; unclear mandates; and weak command and control by the UN. In the field, whether under UN or NATO auspices, missions are hampered by the culture clash between civilians and the military; by poor coordination of civilian and military tasks; by inadequate military training to meet peacekeeping's specific demands; and by differing approaches to human-rights issues and the media. This paper argues that steps must be taken to improve civil-military relations. Measures should include increased military input in framing peacekeeping mandates; improved political guidance for commanders on the ground; and training to meet peacekeeping's particular needs. Civil-military relations in peacekeeping require a continuing dialogue between the two sides to strengthen the effectiveness of international intervention and to minimise competition and argument.

The best recent scholarship on Russian civil-military relations explicitly addresses this issue's importance for both domestic and external security. An inquiry into the present state of those relations under conditions of defense reform and the current international situation is of immense analytical and policy relevance for both domestic and external security in Russia. While the Russian regime is serious about military reform, it is encountering severe objections from the uniformed military, and the military has successfully persuaded the government to accept its expansive concept of the threats to Russia, i.e., its threat assessment. Therefore, we must closely follow those developments to understand more clearly current tendencies in Russian politics and policy as a whole. Specifically, this chapter examines issues pertaining to civil-military relations in several areas of Russian national security policies that suggest some disturbing trends for the future. ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1586/thumbnail.jpg

While the president is the commander in chief, the US Congress plays a critical and underappreciated role in civil-military relations-the relationship between the armed forces and the civilian leadership that commands it. This unique book edited by Colton C. Campbell and David P. Auerswald will help readers better understand the role of Congress in military affairs and national and international security policy. Contributors include the most experienced scholars in the field as well as practitioners and innovative new voices, all delving into the ways Congress attempts to direct the military

Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 - International African Studies' Perspectives:T he new African civil-military relations phase in African states' development -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINITIONS -- WHAT IS NEW? -- POST-1990S AFRICA AND ITS CMR DUAL CHALLENGES OF THE STABLE COUP AND THIRD TERM ASPIRANTS -- NOTES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 2 - The Process of Democratisation and the Main Military Challenges to Nation Building in Libya -- THE ARAB SPRING'S MANY FACES -- LIBYA UNDER THE REBEL'S RULE -- MAKING A FAILED STATE: SEPARATISM IN LIBYA -- Democracy, the 'might-have-been' Libya and NATO's involvement -- PERSPECTIVES AND OPINIONS -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 - Civil-Military Relations in Benin: Out of the barracks and back - now what? -- UNDERSTANDING THE ORIGINS OF THE MILITARY -- THE ARMY'S CREATION AND ROLE BEFORE INDEPENDENCE -- HIGH MILITARY VISIBILITY PERIOD (1960-1972) -- PRE-1972 MILITARY INTERVENTIONS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE -- MARXIST-LENINIST WANDERING (1972-1990) -- PUBLIC ATTITUDES TO THE ARMY (1972-1974) -- REORIENTATION OF CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS AFTER 1974 -- STRUCTURAL INNOVATIONS AND CONTINUITY -- ARMY POLITICS AND IDEOLOGY -- THE ARMY AND THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE -- RETURN TO THE BARRACKS (1990-2014) -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 - Post-Liberation Relapse and Aborted Social Contract? Isaias Afwerki and Eritrea (1991-2015) -- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM -- BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW -- APPROACH, METHODOLOGY AND ASSUMPTIONS -- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK -- ISAIAS AFWERKI'S EPLF AND ERITREA'S POST-INDEPENDENCE POLITICS -- ERITREA'S POLITICS IN PERSPECTIVE -- IMPLICATIONS FOR PEACE-BUILDING AND CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ERITREA'S DEMOCRATISATION -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- REFERENCES.

This article analyzes Brazilian civil–military relations using a framework that directs attention to the institutions of not only democratic civilian control, but also of military effectiveness and efficiency. The article argues that democratic civilian control over the armed forces in Brazil is exercised by a wide variety of mechanisms, many of which are not specifically designed for this purpose, but are instead part of a vast array of institutions that exercise control and oversight over public bureaucracies in general. Military prerogatives that were once high are now moderate or low, and there is currently no question of civilian control of the armed forces. However, several questions remain regarding the effectiveness of the armed forces. The article also emphasizes the importance of civilian staff assuming responsibilities in defense, as they have in virtually all other areas of government policy.

This study of civil-military relations in Latin America begins by noting that, since 2000, military dictatorships in the region have virtually disappeared, with the political role of the military in many countries dramatically diminished. The book then examines the new types of regimes, including the rise of participatory democracy, the new political orientations, such as the renaissance of the Left in Latin America, and the new missions for the military that have begun to appear. It illustrates how the 2009 military coup in Honduras, the military response to the police rebellion in Ecuador in