Suchergebnisse

Acknowledgments -- Considering the use of force in criminal justice -- Law and the use of force -- The construction and content of force policies -- The use of less lethal force -- The use of lethal force -- Physiological and psychological considerations in force situations -- Training to use force -- Use of force in law enforcement -- Use of force in corrections -- Force by tactical teams -- Force and special populations -- The future is now -- Index

"Constitutional Law for Criminal Justice, 16th Edition, offers criminal justice professionals the training they need to recognize the constitutional principles that apply to their daily work. Kanovitz and revision authors Jefferson Ingram and Christopher Devine provide a comprehensive, well-organized, and up-to-date analysis of constitutional issues that affect the US justice system. Chapter 1 summarizes the organization and content of the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and the Fourteenth Amendment. The next eight chapters cover the constitutional principles that regulate investigatory detentions, traffic stops, arrests, use of force, search and seizure, technologically assisted surveillance, the Wiretap Act, interrogations and confessions, self-incrimination, witness identification procedures, the right to counsel, procedural safeguards during criminal trials, First Amendment issues relevant to law enforcement, and capital punishment. The final chapter covers the constitutional rights of criminal justice professionals in the workplace, their protection under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, and their accountability under 42 U.S.C. 1983 for violating the constitutional rights of others. Part II contains abstracts of key judicial decisions exemplifying how the doctrines covered in earlier chapters are being applied by the courts. The combination of text and cases creates flexibility in structuring class time. This book makes complex concepts accessible to students in all levels of criminal justice education. The chapters begin with an outline and end with a summary. Key Terms and Concepts are defined in the Glossary. Tables, figures, and charts are used to synthesize and simplify information. The result is an incomparably clear, student-friendly textbook that has remained a leader in criminal justice education for more than 50 years"--

" ... this book fills a significant gap in the English-language literature and must be read by all who seek to understand why profound reflection is needed on the theoretical underpinnings of EU criminal justice."--Samuli Miettinen, Journal of Common Market Studies

Intro -- CRIME AND LAW ENFORCEMENT ISSUES -- CRIME AND LAW ENFORCEMENT ISSUES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 USING DNA TO SOLVE COLD CASES* -- NATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE FUTURE OF DNA EVIDENCE -- COMMISSION MEMBERS -- Crime Scene Investigation Working Group -- INTRODUCTION -- Advancements in DNA Technology -- New Laws -- Statutes of Limitation -- Database Expansion -- New Legal Approaches -- THE LONG AND SHORT OF DNA -- Similar to Fingerprints -- DNA Technology Advancements -- PCR Analysis -- STR Analysis -- Mitochondrial DNA Analysis -- Y-Chromosome Analysis -- HOW CAN DNA DATABASES AID INVESTIGATIONS? -- What is CODIS? -- How Does CODIS Work? -- LDIS, SDIS, and NDIS -- Limitations of Using the DNA Database -- Convicted Offender Backlogs -- Forensic Casework Backlogs -- PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- Evidence Considerations -- Degraded Evidence -- Contamination Issues -- Legal Considerations -- Chain of Custody -- Statutes of Limitation -- Victim and Witness Considerations -- Identifying, Analyzing, and Prioritizing Cases -- IDENTIFY POTENTIAL CASES FOR REVIEW -- Identify Statute of Limitation Issues -- Define Categories of Cases--Solvability Factors -- Case Review-Establish Priorities -- Locating Case Files, Obtaining Evidence Logs, and Other Documentation -- Forensic Testing Reports and Previously Tested Evidence -- Locate Biological Evidence -- Evaluate for Probative DNA Evidence -- Continue Investigative Protocol -- Follow Agency Procedures for Submitting the DNA Profile to CODIS -- Prepare a John Doe Warrant -- Notes -- Success Story -- Evidence Handling Recommendations -- Statute of Limitation Recommendations -- DNA Can Do More . . . -- Sample Checklist -- About the National Institute of Justice -- NIJ's Mission -- NIJ's Strategic Direction and Program Areas -- NIJ's Structure

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Federal Crime Control Issues in the 111th Congress* -- Summary -- Introduction -- Crime Statistics2 -- Violent Crime Rate -- Property Crime Rate -- Violent Crime Control -- Hate Crimes6 -- Gangs14 -- Gun Control24 -- Combating Fraud and Theft -- Identity Theft31 -- Organized Retail Crime -- Drug Control -- Sentencing Reform50 -- Crack/Powder Cocaine Sentencing Disparities -- Early Release -- State and Local Justice Assistance -- Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)67 -- Juvenile Justice71 -- Witness Protection Program -- Criminal Justice System Review -- End Notes -- DC Gun Laws and Proposed Amendments* -- Summary -- Introduction -- Overview of Congressional and DC Legislation -- Analysis of DC Gun Laws under the Proposed Amendments -- Authority of DC to Promulgate Rules -- DC Semiautomatic Ban -- Registration Requirements, Ammunition Sales, -- and Interstate Purchases -- Registration -- Ammunition Sales and Registration -- Interstate Transfers of Firearms -- Trigger Lock Requirement -- Criminal Penalties for Possession of Unregistered Firearms -- Regulating Inoperable Pistols and Harmonizing -- Definitions for Certain Types of Firearms -- Prohibitions of Firearms from Private -- and Sensitive Public Property -- Regulating the Carrying and Transport of Firearms -- Carrying of Firearms -- Transportation of Firearms -- Toy and Antique Pistols -- Providing Jurisdiction to Office of Administrative Hearings -- Additional District Provisions that Would Be Affected by the Congressional Proposals -- Qualifications and Duties for Dealers of Firearms -- Transfer or Sale by Non-Dealers and by Licensed Dealers -- Assault Weapons/Handgun Roster -- Large Capacity Ammunition Feeding Devices -- Waiting Period -- Microstamping and Discharge of Firearms -- End Notes

Parties negotiating the end of authoritarian regimes or armed conflicts are almost inevitably left in a situation of legal uncertainty. Despite their overlapping scope of application, the differences between the approaches of International Criminal Law (ICL) and Transitional Justice (TJ) are so profound that, unless dogmatisms are left aside and a process of dialogue is entered into, it will not be possible to harmonize the current legal regime of international crimes with the need to articulate transitional processes that are capable of effectively overcoming authoritarian regimes and armed conflicts. The serious material limitations shown by national, international and hybrid ICL enforcement mechanisms should be acknowledged and the goals pursued by ICL should be redefined accordingly. A minimum level of consensus on the scope of application, goals and elements of TJ should also be reached. Situations of systematic or large scale violence against the civilian population by transnational criminal organizations increase the challenge.