Suchergebnisse

This article examines recent research on risk assessment and probation practice in Ireland and relates the findings to the ongoing debate regarding risk management practices in probation. The piece discusses current theoretical arguments on the influence of risk in criminal justice and outlines the impact of risk discourse on probation practice in Ireland and England and Wales. Using a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, Irish probation officers' attitudes are examined in order to highlight key issues facing probation officers when making risk decisions. These findings are compared and contrasted to other research results from England and Wales. All the conclusions identify both positive and negative consequences of adopting risk tools and point to the continued salience of clinical judgment over actuarial methods of risk assessment. It is argued that the research highlights the role of 'resistance' by criminal justice professionals in mediating the effects of the 'new penology' at the level of implementation. The idea of resistance holds particular relevance for probation practice in Ireland where professional discretion is maintained within the National Standards framework. Despite this, to date there has been an uncritical approach taken to risk assessment which may ignore the dangers of risk inflation/deflation and the need to take into account local factors in assessing risk of reoffending.

"Im Mittelpunkt dieses Arbeitspapiers steht die Frage, wie lebenswert die bundesdeutsche Gesellschaft ist. Wie die Untersuchung zeigt, nehmen die Bürger eine ganze Reihe von Problemen wahr: Defizite bei Chancengleichheit und Gleichberechtigung ebenso wie Mängel beim Schutz vor Kriminalität und bei der sozialen Sicherheit. Selbst elementare Freiheitsrechte sehen einige als nicht verwirklicht an. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird untersucht, wie die Gesellschaft insgesamt bewertet wird und welchen Stellenwert die Aspekte Freiheit, Sicherheit, Gerechtigkeit und Wohlstand dabei haben. Abschließend wird erörtert, warum die Ostdeutschen die gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse in der Bundesrepublik anders, das heißt vor allem kritischer, beurteilen als die Westdeutschen. Die Diskussion macht deutlich, daß weder die sozialisationstheoretische Deutung noch die situationsbezogene Interpretation überzeugen können. Geeigneter erscheint ein eigenes soziologisch-historisches Erklärungsmodell, das objektive und subjektive Momente der Bewertung integriert und diesen Aspekten in Anlehnung an Kosellecks Begriffspaar 'Erfahrung' und 'Erwartung' eine historische Dimension verleiht." (Autorenreferat)

El artículo de investigación aborda desde un punto de vista teórico y práctico cómo se construyen capacidades estatales en Agencias de Regulación. La hipótesis es que la Aduana argentina construyó "capacidades" para enfrentar con éxito dos fraudes: el "robo de cables de cobre" y la operación "Maquinaria agrícola"; ambos fueron de diseño complejo y perpetrados por organizaciones criminales sofisticadas. Lo que permitió al organismo público diseñar y construir respuestas eficaces en ambos casos fue producto de que su accionar fue consistente con el esquema descripto por Malcolm Sparrow denominado "Paradigma Emergente de Agencias Regulatorias" (PEAR) y que se diferencia con modelos de Mano Dura (MD) y Mano Blanda (MB) tradicionales en este tipo de Agencias. El artículo se propone trascender la problemática del caso concreto de la Aduana y que sus conclusiones sean útiles para pensar la construcción de capacidades en agencias regulatorias desde el punto de vista teórico y empírico. ; This article aims to analyze, both from a theoretical and a practical standpoint, how state capacities are build in regulatory agencies and government bureaucracies. The main hypothesis under analysis in this paper is that the Argentine Customs Office built such state capacities in order to "successfully" face two fraudulent business operations called: "the theft of the copper wires" and "operation agricultural machinery". Both illegal operations were highly complex in their design and were perpetrated by sophisticated criminal organizations. We suggest that what allowed the public agencies to build and develop effective responses in both cases was that its "operation management" and practices were consistent with what Malcolm Sparrow has denominated "Emerging Paradigm in Regulatory Agencies". Moreover, we find that this model of operation is really different from two other stereotypical manners of operation suchas the "Hard Hand", and "Soft Hand". Finally, this article seeks to transcend the particular case of the Argentina Customs Office, and we hope that the conclusions reached will be useful at understanding how state capacities are built in other regulatory agencies, both from a practical and a theoretical point of view.