Suchergebnisse

This cost-benefit analaysis of mine clearance operations in Cambodia was launched by the national regulatory and coordinating body, the Cambodian Mine Action and Victims Assistance Authority (CMAA) in cooperation with UNDP. The socio-economic benefits of mine action was assessed covering the period since the start of the programme in 1992, and a cost benefit analysis model developed for the use of the Royal Government of Cambodia and stakeholders involved in mine clearance.

Peace operations became the core focus of many Western armed forces after the Cold War. The wish amongst political and military leaders during the 1990s to hold on to the classical identity of the armed forces as an instrument of force made them pursue a strict separation between military operations and the civilian aspects of peacekeeping, such as policing, administrative functions, and political and societal reconstruction. In his book Soldiers and Civil Power, Thijs Brocades Zaalberg argues that this policy failed to match up to reality. Supporting civil authorities, and at times even substituting them (de facto military governance), became the key to reaching any level of success in Cambodia, Somalia, Bosnia and Kosovo. As a result of the false segregation between the civilian and the military domain, this was accomplished mostly by improvisation and creativity of commanders who probed for the limiting boundaries of their original mandate by reaching ever further into the civilian sphere. - Vredesoperaties werden na de Koude Oorlog de hoofdtaak van de Nederlandse en veel andere westerse krijgsmachten. De wens om de klassieke identiteit van de krijgsmacht als geweldsorganisatie in stand te houden zorgde er in de jaren negentig voor dat politieke en militaire leiders een strikte scheiding nastreefden tussen enerzijds de militaire operatie en anderzijds de civiele aspecten van een vredesmissie, zoals politieoptreden, bestuurlijke verantwoordelijkheden, en politiek-maatschappelijke wederopbouw. Thijs Brocades Zaalberg beargumenteert in zijn boek Soldiers and Civil Power dat dit beleid niet strookte met de realiteit. Het ondersteunen en soms zelfs het vervangen van civiele autoriteiten (de facto militair gezag) door militairen werd de sleutel tot het behalen van enige mate van succes in vredesoperaties in Cambodja, Somalië, Bosnië en Kosovo. Als gevolg van de valse scheiding tussen het civiele en het militaire domein was dit succes meestal afhankelijk van improvisatie en durf van commandanten die de uiterste grenzen van hun mandaat verkenden en daarbij steeds verder de civiele sfeer betraden. 'Het betreft hier een indrukwekkend werk, zowel door zijn zeer gedegen vraagstelling, als door zijn gedurfde comparatieve benadering, door het enorme en veelzijdige onderzoek (in archieven in alle hoeken van de wereld) dat eraan ten grondslag ligt én door zijn heldere, verhalende stijl (met oog voor de juiste anekdotiek en met een rake typering van personen).' Marnix Beyen, Universiteit Leuven Thijs Brocades Zaalberg is geïnterviewd in de Groene Amsterdammer: kijk op "http://www.groene.nl">www.groene.nl

"Conflict and competition between imperial powers has long been a feature of global history, but their co-operation has largely been a peripheral concern. Imperial Co-operation and Transfer, 1870-1930 redresses this imbalance, providing a coherent conceptual framework for the study of inter-imperial collaboration and arguing that it deserves an equally prominent position in the field. Using a variety of examples from across Asia, Europe and Africa, this book demonstrates the ways in which empires have shared and exchanged their knowledge about imperial governance, including military strategy, religious influence and political surveillance. It asks how, when and where these partnerships took place, and who initiated them. Not only does this book fill an empirical gap in the study of imperial history, it traces ideas of empire from their conception in imperial contact zones to their implementation in specific contexts. As such, this is an important study for imperial and global historians of all specialisms"--From publisher's website

A military Gender Advisor (GENAD) capability is increasingly a feature of armed forces, military deployments and peace operations around the world. Tasked with the implementation of the United Nations (UN) Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda, the GENAD capability strengthens organisations and operations with its focus on increasing gender equality within armed forces and ensuring gender responsive operational and organisational planning, policy and practice. This research examines the policies, structures and cultures that enable and constrain the effectiveness of military GENAD capabilities around the world. Drawing on open-source research and interviews with current and former GENADs and relevant stakeholders, the review identifies integrated findings and recommendations, which inform a tripartite proposal for military organisations to enhance their military GENAD capability.

International audience ; Military vehicles carry out defence and training functions; however, they also participate extensively in military operations apart from war, such as supporting citizens in emergency situations. Nonetheless, they continue to contribute to pollution, and carbon emissions in Chile have doubled in recent years. Thus, this study seeks a partial solution to this problem, extending the useful life of an archetypal military vehicle, i.e. AIL Storm internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), 4.0L gasoline, through its conversion into an electric vehicle (EV) using lithium-ion batteries. AIL Storm ICE emissions are compared with an equivalent EV conversion prototype, analysing the CO2 emissions of the EV charged from the Chilean electricity grid or from a solar photovoltaic charging station, taking advantage of the high levels of solar radiation in Chile. This studied model obtains a travel cost of 0.04USD/km in the "electric grid charge mode" and 0.02USD/km in the "Solar power station charge mode", affecting the environment with 155kgCO2 emissions per year of use. In the future, technologies to manufacture or assemble lithium batteries must be developed in the Chilean market. Given the availability of this mineral in Chile, this step would reduce costs and make electric mobility more attractive and affordable.

International audience ; Military vehicles carry out defence and training functions; however, they also participate extensively in military operations apart from war, such as supporting citizens in emergency situations. Nonetheless, they continue to contribute to pollution, and carbon emissions in Chile have doubled in recent years. Thus, this study seeks a partial solution to this problem, extending the useful life of an archetypal military vehicle, i.e. AIL Storm internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), 4.0L gasoline, through its conversion into an electric vehicle (EV) using lithium-ion batteries. AIL Storm ICE emissions are compared with an equivalent EV conversion prototype, analysing the CO2 emissions of the EV charged from the Chilean electricity grid or from a solar photovoltaic charging station, taking advantage of the high levels of solar radiation in Chile. This studied model obtains a travel cost of 0.04USD/km in the "electric grid charge mode" and 0.02USD/km in the "Solar power station charge mode", affecting the environment with 155kgCO2 emissions per year of use. In the future, technologies to manufacture or assemble lithium batteries must be developed in the Chilean market. Given the availability of this mineral in Chile, this step would reduce costs and make electric mobility more attractive and affordable.

This groundbreaking book brings the insights of organization and public administration theories to the analysis and enhancement of complex peace operations. Focusing on three essential and interrelated aspects of organizations—coordination, learning, and leadership—the authors bridge the gap between research on UN peacekeeping and the realities confronted both in the office and in the field

Since J. Stalin's death the Soviet & US gov's have moved into a new post-cold-war relationship in which continuing pol'al rivalry is combined with some pol'al cooperation to keep this 'competitive co-existence' peaceful. Incentives for cooperation are strong, centering in common interest in reducing the danger of thermonuclear war. But obstacles, too, are strong: resistance by some 3rd World states, resistance by some elements of both of the cooperating gov's, & the continuing intense competition for influence in the 3rd World, which creates imbalances & crises. Despite all the obstacles, the incentives to US-Soviet cooperation may prevail. But it a cooperative relationship is to endure, it will have to become more extensive & evolve into an entente. The precondition of this is some curtailment of power rivalry, which would not, however, mean a global bargain. Furthermore, some element of trust would have to be built into the Soviet-US relationship. The Soviet-US cooperative arrangement could take 2 diff forms: either a 'condominium' based on a division of spheres of influence or an alliance on behalf of the growth of internat'l order. The latter would be more in accord with the needs of the situation & the genius of the 2 peoples. HA.