Suchergebnisse

Contrary to what might be expected, the shift in Mexico from a highly centralized political system to a decentralized one has barely given rise to a small reduction in voting unity among the parliamentary groups. In this context, this article questions the transformations experienced in the regulatory framework of the Congress of the Union to contain indiscipline & lack of cohesion among their number. The modification of that body's internal procedures has pointed toward increasing the powers of the group coordinators as members of the Political Coordination Board. That strategy has been in response to a dual purpose: 1) reinforcing control over the members of their group; 2) facilitating legislators' negotiations in benefit of the sub-national stakeholders on whom their political future now depends. Adapted from the source document.

We argue that contracting opens a pathway for organized interests to lobby public managers. Using multilevel modeling techniques, we test this proposition with data from administrative agencies in the American states. We find that interactions between organized interests and managers increase in the presence of contracting. We then demonstrate that the influence of organized interests over key state agency decision making is driven, in part, by whether an agency contracts out for public service delivery. The findings suggest the presence of an alternate pathway for organized interests to access and influence government decision makers. Moreover, these results complement previous studies, which primarily highlight the potential economic benefits of contracting and hold important normative implications for our understanding of government responsiveness in an era of decentralized governance. Adapted from the source document.

Reflections about the uniform & centralized nation State, established by the Parliament of Cadiz & the difficulties of its implementation in local government as a consequence of the difference in importance it awards the municipality (town) & the province. Considering the municipality/town as a natural unit of coexistence leads to the recognition of a limited self-rule, governed by a town council as a fully elected body. However, considering the province as no more than a simple regional-scale State leads to a mixed formation of the regional delegate government & advisory bodies for the government delegate. In the liberal heyday (1820-23), the moderate liberal tendency, more centralizing in nature, required the municipalities to be placed on a par with the provinces, whereas the radical tendency, with its more decentralizing focus, ended up establishing the opposite. Adapted from the source document.

A concise characterization of the political-administrative system of the Republic of Estonia with an emphasis on its decentralized characteristics & territorial division/composition. It begins with basic information about the state, including official name, government type, territorial units, total area, population, population density, capital city, EU membership, official language, & currency. The synopsis describes briefly: (1) the historical foundation & constitutional basis of the state, (2) the government structure: the division between legislature, the executive branch, & the judiciary; the composition, election/appointment, & functions/powers of each; unicameral parliament (Rugikogu), (3) regional & local governments, (4) division into counties & communes, & (5) local government structure & powers. Adapted from the source document.