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Explores the differences between the European and US positions on international order and use of force in context of Robert Kagan's article "Power and weakness". Summaries in Spanish, English, and French p. 269-74.

The paper presents a new approach to modelling economies in transition, where the adjustment processes are often nonlinear and data series are short. The model presented in the paper, the LAM-3 model, is the latest development in a series of long-run adjustment models, used for simulation and forecasting of several East European Economies. In particular the model contains short-run equations with bilinear error correction derived from a structural vector autoregressive model. The paper also gives derivations of two long-run relationships of the model, those for full-capacity output (reformable and non-reformable labour) and the relationship linking prices, money, incomes and exchange rates. The short-run part evolves around the specification of price and wage dynamics according to the NAIRU principle. Due to the fact that series of data for Eastern European countries are short, the parameters are evaluated with the use of global optimization technique (repetitive stochastic guestimation) rather than by a traditional econometric method. The model was estimated and applied for Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovak Republic, Romania and Ukraine. For each country it consists of 3 long-run and 21 short-run relationships. Examples of simulations presented here evaluate European Union accessibility through inflation correlation measures and Aghion-Blanchard optimal speed of privatisation.

The general question of this theoretical reflection concerns the impact of the multilevel organization of policy processes for the division of power between collective social actors. First, we deal with the shrinking of the political capacity in the contemporary era of post-Fordism & deterritorialization. In this framework, attention is paid to the ideological significance of governance. Using the concept of "jumping of scales," we then consider the different consequences of the sui generis European multilevel setting for organized labor & capital, which serves as a case study for our general proposition. Multilevel governance is looked on as a new gestalt of scales that hinders some actors but enables others to build their own jumping-strategy between the different levels. The conclusion is that the European multilevel setting is the result of, as well as the platform of, power relations. Adapted from the source document.

While the process of Europeanization is well on its way, a European civil society similar to national civil societies is still missing. Instead of a civil society on the European level, the author finds a transformation of the nation-state, including its economy, politics, juridical system, society, &, thereby, its specific form of civil society. The elements of this process of Europeanization are analyzed: the European constitution, European collective symbols, & European networks of civil society actors. Discussing opportunities to further the establishment of European networks, the author expects the emergence of a European civil society in the long run. 22 References. Adapted from the source document.

This article interprets data gathered from a voting population on integration with the EMU in Denmark & how campaigning influenced the voters. After discussing factors that influenced Denmark's reluctance to accept the referendum, the article analyzes the strategies used in the successful campaign to swing the voters from the yes to the no side. After drawing on information obtained from top party politicians in Denmark & their advisers, the article concludes with opinions on the future of the relationship between Denmark & the EU & its position as an example to other nations outside the EU. 2 Tables. E. Miller

Schwenken analyzes protest campaigns against the European border regime by antiracist & refugee organizations. Territorial borders & their permeability become the starting points of mobilization. They are part of a multilevel protest strategy. Based on the sociology of social movements, Schwenken integrates ideas of current debates from interdisciplinary research on borders, discussing the changing character of borders. 12 References. Adapted from the source document.