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When Nigeria got her independence in 1960 there were high hopes that she would become one of the greatest nations in the nearest future. Those who made this prediction were not wrong because Nigeria has what it takes to become great. In terms of population, it is not just the most populous but also one of the most talented in the continent. In natural resources, very few countries in Africa can boast of the resources the country parades. However, when these endowments are placed side by side with development in the country, the result becomes discouraging. Currently, one may assert that Nigeria is or at the point of becoming the poverty capital of the world looking at the rate her citizens are fleeing to other countries in search of greener pastures. Using the method of documentation and conceptual analysis, this study examines why Nigeria has not been able to translate its potentials into development indexes. The investigation centres around two research questions: 1) what is the relationship between the lack of development in Nigeria and electoral malpractice and 2) is Nigeria's inability to translate its potentials to development caused by executive abuse of powers. The paper discovered that moral decadence in the form of electoral malpractice and executive recklessness are the root causes of Nigeria's political and economic backwardness. It recommended the formation of an enlightened populace who will not only reject but also fight these two ills through civil resistance as the philosopher's stone that will save Nigeria

Bangladesh is performing better in the growth of GDP and experiencing remarkable progress in development indicators such as poverty alleviation, maternal mortality, infant mortality and enrollment in primary education. However, despite the restoration parliamentary democracy in 1990s, political governance is decaying in the country. The present study, taking dynamics of Bangladeshi politics into consideration, seeks to explore the interplay between business and politics and its impact on governance with supplementary evidence from public transportation sector as case example. Among others, the principal question of the paper is how business interest creates crisis in governance? It reveals that business elites are involved in all decision-making process in the government institutions and they make pro-business policy undermining people's interest that leads to a confrontation between government institution and business elites which ultimately generates crisis in governance in almost all other section of the nation like transportation sector.

This book presents an in-depth, systematic investigation of the reporting of poverty in Wales, discussing findings from a two-year research project funded by the 'Exploring the Narrative Coalition' (a group of 10 Wales-based third sector organisations), the ESRC, and Cardiff University. Examining how poverty news is covered in the English and Welsh languages across broadcast, print and online news, it provides a detailed insight into current journalistic and communications practices on a crucial issue facing Wales. In the wake of a decade of austerity policies, with official measures confirming experiences of poverty and destitution are increasing, the book offers a timely intervention, critically investigating mainstream media narratives on poverty and how these are shaped. The book is based on original research conducted in 2016-7, in a highly eventful period that included the Tata Steel crisis in Port Talbot, South Wales, the Welsh Government elections and the referendum campaign on the UK's membership of the European Union. It addresses how poverty was framed in such nationally significant news about politics, business and economics, as well as more local, personal or community-focused stories about livelihoods and social issues. A quantitative analysis of the key characteristics of coverage across different media types provides a detailed evidence base for understanding how poverty news was represented. This includes examining the major contextualizing themes, social groups and geographical locations most frequently covered, the causes and consequences of poverty, and sourcing. It demonstrates how Wales-based media coverage differs from more negative reporting typical of some sections of the UK national press, especially in terms of stigmatizing discourses surrounding unemployment and welfare. However, important questions are identified about how news narratives convey meaning and, especially, disconnections between the coverage of macro-economic trends or events and their consequences in the lives of ordinary people. Additionally, the book explores why poverty news coverage is constructed in the way that it is, using findings from detailed interviews with journalists and editors about their practice. Through the lens of professional values and experiences, the book examines the challenges thought to affect poverty reporting. Key issues include the contraction of resources and specialist expertise allocated to social affairs journalism, the difficulties of identifying and reaching potentially vulnerable groups across Wales and representing case studies fairly and ethically. A parallel set of interviews conducted with third sector professionals about their engagement with news media and communications practices provides a further insight into the production of poverty news. Here, the pressures in reporting poverty are seen from a different perspective, where seeking to influence the coverage of poverty and respond to news demands can elicit professional tensions between journalists and the third sector and/or productive cooperative relationships positively impacting news narratives. In providing a detailed picture of how and why poverty news narratives are shaped as they are, the book aims to provide an evidence base informing more meaningful, representative and accurate poverty reporting in Wales.

This book presents a detailed and systematic investigation of poverty reporting in Wales, discussing the findings of a two-year research project funded by Exploring the Narrative Coalition (a group of 10 third sector organizations based in Wales ESRC and Cardiff University Exploring how poverty news is covered by broadcast, print and online news in English and Welsh, provides a detailed understanding of current journalism and communication practices on a critical issue. facing Wales. Following a decade of austerity policies, with official measures confirming that experiences of poverty and deprivation are on the rise, the book offers a timely intervention, critically exploring the mainstream media's narratives on poverty and how they experience it shape them. This book is based on original research conducted between 2016-7, during a turbulent period involving the Tata Steel crisis in Port Talbot. South Wales, Welsh Government elections and a referendum campaign for the UK's membership of the European Union. It covers how poverty was framed in the midst of nationally important news about politics, business and the economy as well as more local, personal or community-related stories about livelihoods and social issues. Quantitative analysis of the key features of the approaches across different media types provides a detailed evidence base for understanding how poverty news was represented. This includes looking at the major contextualization themes, social groups and geographical locations that are commonly addressed, the causes and consequences of poverty, and access to information. It demonstrates how the media in Wales responds differently to the more negative reports typical of some UK national press departments, particularly around discourses that cause unemployment and welfare stigma. Nevertheless, there are important questions to be raised about how news narratives convey meaning and in particular the disconnect between the coverage of macroeconomic trends or events and their impact on the lives of ordinary people. In addition, the book explores why coverage of poverty news is shaped as it is, drawing on the findings of in-depth interviews with journalists and editors about their practices. Through a look at professional values ​​and experiences, the book explores the challenges that are likely to affect reporting poverty. Key issues include the use of specialist resources and expertise allocated to social issues journalism, the difficulties in identifying and potentially reaching vulnerable groups across Wales and representing case studies fairly and ethically. We undertook a set of interviews with third sector professionals about their engagement with news media practices and contacts. They offer more information on how news about poverty is shaped. Here, the pressures of reporting poverty are viewed from a different perspective, where trying to influence poverty coverage in the press and responding to news demands can create professional tensions between journalists and the third sector and / or positive productive co-operative relationships that affect news narratives. By providing a detailed picture of how and why poverty news narratives are shaped as they are, the book intends to create an evidence base that will inform more accurate, representative and meaningful reporting of poverty in Wales.

This article explores the significant role that the state is still expected to play in initiating and implementing the energy transition. In this regard, it is laid out in three parts. Part I focuses on the premise of the role that derives from constitutional law. This role is considered classic, because it is based on different functions of the state, and the legitimate constrain that distinguishes it from other social actors, including non-state actors. Tremendous materials are offered by the analysis either from the perspective of sociology or law studies when it comes to the specific situation of French-speaking African states. The scope of analysis is broadened with the energy law approach. With a focus on African English-speaking countries, the article examines both the way the state is enforcing statutes aiming to design its own transition scheme and exercising its discretionary power through its energy policy. Beyond the functions of the state—deriving from its sovereign power—these elements set out the direction in quest of a specific role the state can play in the energy transition as a process in Part II. As such, the energy transition, if it is to lead to coherent social change, requires strong and dynamic leadership, including clear, nuanced, and forward-looking direction on the broad sections of the overall process, and the environmental justice issues that necessarily cluster around them. For this reason, the role of the state is construed as both a steering role, and an integrative role for environmental, economic and social issues. Part III provides a rationale for the necessary and strong support of international cooperation—to the state—in order to achieve the paradigm shift smoothly. In Part IV, I emphasize the African Union's transition initiatives in the run-up to COP 25, which I hold out as an inducement for states' efforts. In fact, this article seeks to address these issues. Taken together, they could help build a coherent pattern of the role that African states play in the energy ...

Cover; Delweddau; Diolchiadau; Rhagymadrodd; 1 Cyfraniad Cymraes Anghofiedig y Bedwaredd Ganrif ar Bymtheg i'w Chenedl; 2 Gwyneth Vaughan (1852-1910): Athrylith Ardudwy; 3 Sara Maria Saunders: Merch y Methodistiaid; 4 Llenyddiaeth Gwyneth Vaughan; 5 Llenyddiaeth Sara Maria Saunders; 6 Cymharu Llenyddiaeth Gwyneth Vaughan a Sara Maria Saunders; Diweddglo; Nodiadau; Llyfryddiaeth; Mynegai; Back Cover.

The common approach to the negotiation process focuses on the external manifestation of the interaction between two parties who are trying to reach a satisfactory agreement. This view does not take into account the internal drivers of behavior of the involved parties. The externalized dynamic between the negotiators is only the secondary result of the interplay between the conscious and unconscious elements in the psyche of both parties. The condition of a long-lasting agreement is therefore a collaboration between the conscious and unconscious representation on the individual level. This article examines the transcendent function as a union between the conscious and the unconscious, specifically the ego and the self. It focuses on the tendencies of these two factors that can either hinder or make the transition of energy possible in view of reaching a successful manifested agreement. The study provides a straightforward reference that can be used by analysts and business professionals to help them understand what are the psychological aspects that affect the negotiation process, both on the individual and on the collective level.

This essay presents a case study (the 2020 Presidential Election in the United States) in order to analyzing ongoing changes at domestic politics and foreign relations of a world superpower. It portrays a qualitative analysis informed by a bibliographic revision of the aforementioned topics. 2020 began with President Donald Trump dully avoiding an impeachment trial and trumpeting his divisive economic achievements (at the expenses of World Trade Organization and US partners). His mastery of a self-professed "art of the deal" at least seemed plausible as a set of political stunts. On the other hand, the Democratic Party remained splintered. The impeachment attempt put the party on the back foot, propelling POTUS' premature campaigning. With populism on the rise on the world stage, for a while – it seemed – Trump could stand a chance at reelection. At the shadow of a global epidemic, Trump's walls and fiery unilateralism fell down pretty quickly.

9 Materion crefyddol ac addysgol, llythyrau Cobden, dychweliad Gladstone oherwydd helyntion Twrci, dirwest ac Eisteddfod Merthyr10 Mwy o ymgyrchu yn erbyn rhyfeloedd Imperialaidd; 11 Tua'r cyfandir, masnach gyda China, llywyddu'r Undeb Cynulleidfaol, ffeministiaeth a'r Mesur Diarfogi; 12 Ei her fawr olaf a thynnu at ddiwedd y daith; Nodiadau; Llyfryddiaeth; Mynegai.